1
|
Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Fan Y, Li W, Liu M, Zhang X, Zhou W, Wang M, Jiang S, Shang E, Duan J. Multi-omics combined to explore the purging mechanism of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1243:124218. [PMID: 38959707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex have been used together to treat constipation in the clinical practices for more than 2000 years. Nonetheless, their compatibility mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the amelioration of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma combined with Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex on constipation was systematically and comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that their compatibility could markedly shorten gastrointestinal transport time, increase fecal water content and frequency of defecation, improve gastrointestinal hormone disorders and protect colon tissue of constipation rats compared with the single drug. Furthermore, according to 16S rRNA sequencing in conjunction with UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, the combination of two herbal medications could greatly raise the number of salutary bacteria (Lachnospiraceae, Romboutsia and Subdoligranulum) while decreasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Erysipelatoclostridiaceae). And two herb drugs could markedly improve the disorder of fecal metabolic profiles. A total of 7 different metabolites associated with constipation were remarkably shifted by the compatibility of two herbs, which were mainly related to arachidonic acid metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and other metabolic ways. Thus, the regulation of intestinal microbiome and its metabolism could be a potential target for Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex herb pair to treat constipation. Furthermore, the multi-omics approach utilized in this study, which integrated the microbiome and metabolome, had potential for investigating the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Quyi Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yuwen Fan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Meijuan Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Wenwen Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Erxin Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mason B, Hayward DC, Moya A, Cooke I, Sorenson A, Brunner R, Andrade N, Huerlimann R, Bourne DG, Schaeffer P, Grinblat M, Ravasi T, Ueda N, Tang SL, Ball EE, Miller DJ. Microbiome manipulation by corals and other Cnidaria via quorum quenching. Curr Biol 2024; 34:3226-3232.e5. [PMID: 38942019 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
A dynamic mucous layer containing numerous micro-organisms covers the surface of corals and has multiple functions including both removal of sediment and "food gathering."1 It is likely to also act as the primary barrier to infection; various proteins and compounds with antimicrobial activity have been identified in coral mucus, though these are thought to be largely or exclusively of microbial origin. As in Hydra,2 anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) are likely to play major roles in regulating the microbiomes of corals.3,4 Some eukaryotes employ a complementary but less obvious approach to manipulate their associated microbiome by interfering with quorum signaling, effectively preventing bacteria from coordinating gene expression across a population. Our investigation of immunity in the reef-building coral Acropora millepora,5 however, led to the discovery of a coral gene referred to here as AmNtNH1 that can inactivate a range of acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs), common bacterial quorum signaling molecules, and is induced on immune challenge of adult corals and expressed during the larval settlement process. Closely related proteins are widely distributed within the Scleractinia (hard corals) and some other cnidarians, with multiple paralogs in Acropora, but their closest relatives are bacterial, implying that these are products of one or more lateral gene transfer events post-dating the cnidarian-bilaterian divergence. The deployment by corals of genes used by bacteria to compete with other bacteria reflects a mechanism of microbiome manipulation previously unknown in Metazoa but that may apply more generally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mason
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - David C Hayward
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Aurelie Moya
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Ira Cooke
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Alanna Sorenson
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Ramona Brunner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Natalia Andrade
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Roger Huerlimann
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - David G Bourne
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Patrick Schaeffer
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Mila Grinblat
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Nobuo Ueda
- Marine Science Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Sen-Lin Tang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 15529, Taiwan
| | - Eldon E Ball
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - David J Miller
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mohanty I, Allaband C, Mannochio-Russo H, El Abiead Y, Hagey LR, Knight R, Dorrestein PC. The changing metabolic landscape of bile acids - keys to metabolism and immune regulation. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:493-516. [PMID: 38575682 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids regulate nutrient absorption and mitochondrial function, they establish and maintain gut microbial community composition and mediate inflammation, and they serve as signalling molecules that regulate appetite and energy homeostasis. The observation that there are hundreds of bile acids, especially many amidated bile acids, necessitates a revision of many of the classical descriptions of bile acids and bile acid enzyme functions. For example, bile salt hydrolases also have transferase activity. There are now hundreds of known modifications to bile acids and thousands of bile acid-associated genes, especially when including the microbiome, distributed throughout the human body (for example, there are >2,400 bile salt hydrolases alone). The fact that so much of our genetic and small-molecule repertoire, in both amount and diversity, is dedicated to bile acid function highlights the centrality of bile acids as key regulators of metabolism and immune homeostasis, which is, in large part, communicated via the gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Mohanty
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Celeste Allaband
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Helena Mannochio-Russo
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yasin El Abiead
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lee R Hagey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ridlon JM, Gaskins HR. Another renaissance for bile acid gastrointestinal microbiology. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:348-364. [PMID: 38383804 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00896-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The field of bile acid microbiology in the gastrointestinal tract is going through a current rebirth after a peak of activity in the late 1970s and early 1980s. This renewed activity is a result of many factors, including the discovery near the turn of the century that bile acids are potent signalling molecules and technological advances in next-generation sequencing, computation, culturomics, gnotobiology, and metabolomics. We describe the current state of the field with particular emphasis on questions that have remained unanswered for many decades in both bile acid synthesis by the host and metabolism by the gut microbiota. Current knowledge of established enzymatic pathways, including bile salt hydrolase, hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases involved in the oxidation and epimerization of bile acid hydroxy groups, the Hylemon-Bjӧrkhem pathway of bile acid C7-dehydroxylation, and the formation of secondary allo-bile acids, is described. We cover aspects of bile acid conjugation and esterification as well as evidence for bile acid C3-dehydroxylation and C12-dehydroxylation that are less well understood but potentially critical for our understanding of bile acid metabolism in the human gut. The physiological consequences of bile acid metabolism for human health, important caveats and cautionary notes on experimental design and interpretation of data reflecting bile acid metabolism are also explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Ridlon
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Center for Advanced Study, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - H Rex Gaskins
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mohanty I, Mannochio-Russo H, Schweer JV, El Abiead Y, Bittremieux W, Xing S, Schmid R, Zuffa S, Vasquez F, Muti VB, Zemlin J, Tovar-Herrera OE, Moraïs S, Desai D, Amin S, Koo I, Turck CW, Mizrahi I, Kris-Etherton PM, Petersen KS, Fleming JA, Huan T, Patterson AD, Siegel D, Hagey LR, Wang M, Aron AT, Dorrestein PC. The underappreciated diversity of bile acid modifications. Cell 2024; 187:1801-1818.e20. [PMID: 38471500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The repertoire of modifications to bile acids and related steroidal lipids by host and microbial metabolism remains incompletely characterized. To address this knowledge gap, we created a reusable resource of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra by filtering 1.2 billion publicly available MS/MS spectra for bile-acid-selective ion patterns. Thousands of modifications are distributed throughout animal and human bodies as well as microbial cultures. We employed this MS/MS library to identify polyamine bile amidates, prevalent in carnivores. They are present in humans, and their levels alter with a diet change from a Mediterranean to a typical American diet. This work highlights the existence of many more bile acid modifications than previously recognized and the value of leveraging public large-scale untargeted metabolomics data to discover metabolites. The availability of a modification-centric bile acid MS/MS library will inform future studies investigating bile acid roles in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Mohanty
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Helena Mannochio-Russo
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joshua V Schweer
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yasin El Abiead
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wout Bittremieux
- Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Shipei Xing
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robin Schmid
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Simone Zuffa
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Felipe Vasquez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Valentina B Muti
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Jasmine Zemlin
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Omar E Tovar-Herrera
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Goldman Sonnenfeldt School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Sarah Moraïs
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Goldman Sonnenfeldt School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Imhoi Koo
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Christoph W Turck
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Proteomics and Biomarkers, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, Munich 80804, Germany; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Itzhak Mizrahi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Goldman Sonnenfeldt School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kristina S Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Fleming
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Tao Huan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Dionicio Siegel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lee R Hagey
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mingxun Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Allegra T Aron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang M, Xiao B, Chen X, Ou B, Wang S. Physical exercise plays a role in rebalancing the bile acids of enterohepatic axis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14065. [PMID: 38037846 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as one of the most common diseases of lipid metabolism disorders, which is closely related to bile acids disorders and gut microbiota disorders. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, and processed by gut microbiota in intestinal tract, and participate in metabolic regulation through the enterohepatic circulation. Bile acids not only promote the consumption and absorption of intestinal fat but also play an important role in biological metabolic signaling network, affecting fat metabolism and glucose metabolism. Studies have demonstrated that exercise plays an important role in regulating the composition and function of bile acid pool in enterohepatic axis, which maintains the homeostasis of the enterohepatic circulation and the health of the host gut microbiota. Exercise has been recommended by several health guidelines as the first-line intervention for patients with NAFLD. Can exercise alter bile acids through the microbiota in the enterohepatic axis? If so, regulating bile acids through exercise may be a promising treatment strategy for NAFLD. However, the specific mechanisms underlying this potential connection are largely unknown. Therefore, in this review, we tried to review the relationship among NAFLD, physical exercise, bile acids, and gut microbiota through the existing data and literature, highlighting the role of physical exercise in rebalancing bile acid and microbial dysbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minyu Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biyang Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Bingming Ou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kiriyama Y, Nochi H. The Role of Gut Microbiota-Derived Lithocholic Acid, Deoxycholic Acid and Their Derivatives on the Function and Differentiation of Immune Cells. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2730. [PMID: 38004742 PMCID: PMC10672800 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide variety and large number of bacterial species live in the gut, forming the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota not only coexist harmoniously with their hosts, but they also induce significant effects on each other. The composition of the gut microbiota can be changed due to environmental factors such as diet and antibiotic intake. In contrast, alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota have been reported in a variety of diseases, including intestinal, allergic, and autoimmune diseases and cancer. The gut microbiota metabolize exogenous dietary components ingested from outside the body to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and amino acid metabolites. Unlike SCFAs and amino acid metabolites, the source of bile acids (BAs) produced by the gut microbiota is endogenous BAs from the liver. The gut microbiota metabolize BAs to generate secondary bile acids, such as lithocholic acid (LCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), and their derivatives, which have recently been shown to play important roles in immune cells. This review focuses on current knowledge of the role of LCA, DCA, and their derivatives on immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Kiriyama
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan;
- Institute of Neuroscience, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nochi
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Keuler T, Wolf V, Lemke C, Voget R, Braune A, Gütschow M. Fluorogenic substrates and pre-column derivatization for monitoring the activity of bile salt hydrolase from Clostridium perfringens. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106574. [PMID: 37163789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The bile acid pool has a profound impact on human health and disease. The intestinal microbiota initiates the metabolism of conjugated bile acids through a critical first step catalyzed by bacterial bile salt hydrolase (BSH) and provides unique contributions to the diversity of bile acids. There has been great interest in surveying BSH activity. We compared two substrates with either 2-(7-amino-4-methyl-coumarinyl)acetic acid or 7-amino-4-methyl-coumarin as fluorescent reporters of BSH activity. The BSH-catalyzed conversion of the natural substrate taurocholic acid was followed through an HPLC-based assay by applying 7-nitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole as scavenger for taurine, released in the enzymatic reaction. Hence, a new opportunity to monitor the activity of bile salt hydrolases was introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Keuler
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Valentina Wolf
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Carina Lemke
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rabea Voget
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Annett Braune
- Research Group Intestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shangpliang HNJ, Tamang JP. Genome Analysis of Potential Probiotic Levilactobacillus brevis AcCh91 Isolated from Indian Home-Made Fermented Milk Product (Chhurpi). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10125-y. [PMID: 37466831 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of naturally fermented milk (NFM) products is the dietary culture in India. The mountainous people of Arunachal Pradesh in India prepare the assorted artisanal home-made NFM products from cow and yak milk. Previously, we isolated and identified 76 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from NFM products of Arunachal Pradesh, viz. mar, chhurpi and churkam. We hypothesized that some of these LAB strains may possess probiotic potentials; hence, we investigated the probiotic potentials of these strains. On the basis of in vitro and genetic screening for probiotic attributes including haemolytic ability, 20 LAB strains were selected out of 76 strains, for further analysis. Using in silico analysis, viz. multivariate heatmap and PCA (principal component analysis) biplot, Levilactobacillus brevis AcCh91 was selected as the most promising probiotic strain, which was further characterized by the whole-genome analysis. Lev. brevis AcCh91 showed the highest survival rate of 93.38% in low pH and 86.68 ± 2.69% in low bile and the highest hydrophobicity average of 86.34 ± 5.53%. This strain also showed auto-aggregation and co-aggregation with antimicrobial properties against the pathogens, showed ability to produce beta-galactosidase and cholesterol reduction property and, most importantly, produced GABA, an important psychobiotic element. Genomic analysis of Lev. brevis AcCh91 showed the presence of genes corresponding to GABA, vitamins, amino acids, cholesterol reduction, immunomodulation, bioactive peptides and antioxidant activity. The absence of antimicrobial-resistant genes and virulence factors was observed. Hence, genome analysis supports the probiotic potentials of Lev. brevis AcCh91, which may be further investigated to understand its health-promoting properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jyoti Prakash Tamang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, Tadong, Gangtok, 737102, Sikkim, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gao X, Lin X, Xin Y, Zhu X, Li X, Chen M, Huang Z, Guo H. Dietary cholesterol drives the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by altering gut microbiota mediated bile acid metabolism in high-fat diet fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 117:109347. [PMID: 37031879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most widespread chronic liver disorder globally. Unraveling the pathogenesis of simple fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has important clinical significance for improving the prognosis of NAFLD. Here, we explored the role of a high-fat diet alone or combined with high cholesterol in causing NASH progression. Our results demonstrated that high dietary cholesterol intakes accelerate the progression of spontaneous NAFLD and induces liver inflammation in mice. An elevation of hydrophobic unconjugated bile acids cholic acid (CA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), muricholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, was observed in high-fat and high-cholesterol diet fed mice. Full-length sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of gut microbiota revealed a significant increase in the abundance of Bacteroides, Clostridium and Lactobacillus that possess bile salt hydrolase activity. Furthermore, the relative abundance of these bacterial species was positively correlated with content of unconjugated bile acids in liver. Moreover, the expression of genes related to bile acid reabsorption (organic anion-transporting polypeptides, Na+-taurocholic acid cotransporting polypeptide, apical sodium dependent bile acid transporter and organic solute transporter β) was found to be increased in mice with a high-cholesterol diet. Lastly, we observed that hydrophobic bile acids CA and DCA induce an inflammatory response in free fatty acids-induced steatotic HepG2 cells. In conclusion, high dietary cholesterol promotes the development of NASH by altering gut microbiota composition and abundance and thereby influencing with bile acid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Gao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Department of Science and Education, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shaoguan 512026, China
| | - Xiaozhuan Lin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yan Xin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhigang Huang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Honghui Guo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun L, Zhang Y, Cai J, Rimal B, Rocha ER, Coleman JP, Zhang C, Nichols RG, Luo Y, Kim B, Chen Y, Krausz KW, Harris CC, Patterson AD, Zhang Z, Takahashi S, Gonzalez FJ. Bile salt hydrolase in non-enterotoxigenic Bacteroides potentiates colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:755. [PMID: 36765047 PMCID: PMC9918522 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) in Bacteroides is considered a potential drug target for obesity-related metabolic diseases, but its involvement in colon tumorigenesis has not been explored. BSH-expressing Bacteroides is found at high abundance in the stools of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with overweight and in the feces of a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced CRC mouse model. Colonization of B. fragilis 638R, a strain with low BSH activity, overexpressing a recombinant bsh gene from B. fragilis NCTC9343 strain, results in increased unconjugated bile acids in the colon and accelerated progression of CRC under HFD treatment. In the presence of high BSH activity, the resultant elevation of unconjugated deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid activates the G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor, resulting in increased β-catenin-regulated chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28 (CCL28) expression in colon tumors. Activation of the β-catenin/CCL28 axis leads to elevated intra-tumoral immunosuppressive CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells. Blockade of the β-catenin/CCL28 axis releases the immunosuppression to enhance the intra-tumoral anti-tumor response, which decreases CRC progression under HFD treatment. Pharmacological inhibition of BSH reduces HFD-accelerated CRC progression, coincident with suppression of the β-catenin/CCL28 pathway. These findings provide insights into the pro-carcinogenetic role of Bacteroides in obesity-related CRC progression and characterize BSH as a potential target for CRC prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bipin Rimal
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Edson R Rocha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - James P Coleman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Chenran Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Robert G Nichols
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yuhong Luo
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bora Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yaozong Chen
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jia B, Zou Y, Han X, Bae JW, Jeon CO. Gut microbiome-mediated mechanisms for reducing cholesterol levels: implications for ameliorating cardiovascular disease. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:76-91. [PMID: 36008191 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a health problem worldwide, and elevated cholesterol levels are a key risk factor for the disease. Dysbiotic gut microbiota has been shown to be associated with CVD development. However, the beneficial effects of healthy microbiota in decreasing cholesterol levels have not been summarized. Herein, we begin by discussing the potential mechanisms by which the gut microbiota reduces cholesterol levels. We further sketch the application of probiotics from the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in reducing cholesterol levels in clinical studies. Finally, we present the cholesterol-lowering function of beneficial commensal microbes, such as Akkermansia and Bacteroides spp., as these microbes have potential to be the next-generation probiotics (NGPs). The information reviewed in this paper will help people to understand how the gut microbiome might alter cholesterol metabolism and enable the development of NGPs to prevent and treat CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baolei Jia
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Xiao Han
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jin-Woo Bae
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Che Ok Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bioassay-Guided Fractionation Leads to the Detection of Cholic Acid Generated by the Rare Thalassomonas sp. Mar Drugs 2022; 21:md21010002. [PMID: 36662175 PMCID: PMC9860883 DOI: 10.3390/md21010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial symbionts of marine invertebrates are rich sources of novel, pharmaceutically relevant natural products that could become leads in combatting multidrug-resistant pathogens and treating disease. In this study, the bioactive potential of the marine invertebrate symbiont Thalassomonas actiniarum was investigated. Bioactivity screening of the strain revealed Gram-positive specific antibacterial activity as well as cytotoxic activity against a human melanoma cell line (A2058). The dereplication of the active fraction using HPLC-MS led to the isolation and structural elucidation of cholic acid and 3-oxo cholic acid. T. actiniarum is one of three type species belonging to the genus Thalassomonas. The ability to generate cholic acid was assessed for all three species using thin-layer chromatography and was confirmed by LC-MS. The re-sequencing of all three Thalassomonas type species using long-read Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) and Illumina data produced complete genomes, enabling the bioinformatic assessment of the ability of the strains to produce cholic acid. Although a complete biosynthetic pathway for cholic acid synthesis in this genus could not be determined based on sequence-based homology searches, the identification of putative penicillin or homoserine lactone acylases in all three species suggests a mechanism for the hydrolysis of conjugated bile acids present in the growth medium, resulting in the generation of cholic acid and 3-oxo cholic acid. With little known currently about the bioactivities of this genus, this study serves as the foundation for future investigations into their bioactive potential as well as the potential ecological role of bile acid transformation, sterol modification and quorum quenching by Thalassomonas sp. in the marine environment.
Collapse
|
14
|
Falà AK, Álvarez-Ordóñez A, Filloux A, Gahan CGM, Cotter PD. Quorum sensing in human gut and food microbiomes: Significance and potential for therapeutic targeting. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1002185. [PMID: 36504831 PMCID: PMC9733432 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1002185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gut and food microbiomes interact during digestion. The outcome of these interactions influences the taxonomical composition and functional capacity of the resident human gut microbiome, with potential consequential impacts on health and disease. Microbe-microbe interactions between the resident and introduced microbiomes, which likely influence host colonisation, are orchestrated by environmental conditions, elements of the food matrix, host-associated factors as well as social cues from other microorganisms. Quorum sensing is one example of a social cue that allows bacterial communities to regulate genetic expression based on their respective population density and has emerged as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. By interfering with bacterial quorum sensing, for instance, enzymatic degradation of signalling molecules (quorum quenching) or the application of quorum sensing inhibitory compounds, it may be possible to modulate the microbial composition of communities of interest without incurring negative effects associated with traditional antimicrobial approaches. In this review, we summarise and critically discuss the literature relating to quorum sensing from the perspective of the interactions between the food and human gut microbiome, providing a general overview of the current understanding of the prevalence and influence of quorum sensing in this context, and assessing the potential for therapeutic targeting of quorum sensing mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kate Falà
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,Food Bioscience Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Avelino Álvarez-Ordóñez
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology and Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Alain Filloux
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cormac G. M. Gahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,Food Bioscience Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland,*Correspondence: Paul D. Cotter,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Morinaga K, Kusada H, Tamaki H. Bile Salt Hydrolases with Extended Substrate Specificity Confer a High Level of Resistance to Bile Toxicity on Atopobiaceae Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10980. [PMID: 36142891 PMCID: PMC9506489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bile resistance of intestinal bacteria is among the key factors responsible for their successful colonization of and survival in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we demonstrated that lactate-producing Atopobiaceae bacteria (Leptogranulimonas caecicola TOC12T and Granulimonas faecalis OPF53T) isolated from mouse intestine showed high resistance to mammalian bile extracts, due to significant bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. We further succeeded in isolating BSH proteins (designated LcBSH and GfBSH) from L. caecicola TOC12T and G. faecalis OPF53T, respectively, and characterized their enzymatic features. Interestingly, recombinant LcBSH and GfBSH proteins exhibited BSH activity against 12 conjugated bile salts, indicating that LcBSH and GfBSH have much broader substrate specificity than the previously identified BSHs from lactic acid bacteria, which are generally known to hydrolyze six bile salt isomers. Phylogenetic analysis showed that LcBSH and GfBSH had no affinities with any known BSH subgroup and constituted a new BSH subgroup in the phylogeny. In summary, we discovered functional BSHs with broad substrate specificity from Atopobiaceae bacteria and demonstrated that these BSH enzymes confer bile resistance to L. caecicola TOC12T and G. faecalis OPF53T.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kana Morinaga
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8566, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusada
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8566, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tamaki
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8566, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guo X, Okpara ES, Hu W, Yan C, Wang Y, Liang Q, Chiang JYL, Han S. Interactive Relationships between Intestinal Flora and Bile Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8343. [PMID: 35955473 PMCID: PMC9368770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The digestive tract is replete with complex and diverse microbial communities that are important for the regulation of multiple pathophysiological processes in humans and animals, particularly those involved in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, immunity, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. The diversity of bile acids is a result of the joint efforts of host and intestinal microflora. There is a bidirectional relationship between the microbial community of the intestinal tract and bile acids in that, while the microbial flora tightly modulates the metabolism and synthesis of bile acids, the bile acid pool and composition affect the diversity and the homeostasis of the intestinal flora. Homeostatic imbalances of bile acid and intestinal flora systems may lead to the development of a variety of diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer (CRC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The interactions between bile acids and intestinal flora may be (in)directly involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; (X.G.); (E.S.O.); (C.Y.)
| | - Edozie Samuel Okpara
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; (X.G.); (E.S.O.); (C.Y.)
| | - Wanting Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Chuyun Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; (X.G.); (E.S.O.); (C.Y.)
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qionglin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - John Y. L. Chiang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Shuxin Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; (X.G.); (E.S.O.); (C.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kusada H, Arita M, Tohno M, Tamaki H. Bile Salt Hydrolase Degrades β-Lactam Antibiotics and Confers Antibiotic Resistance on Lactobacillus paragasseri. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:858263. [PMID: 35733973 PMCID: PMC9207391 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.858263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) is a well-characterized probiotic enzyme associated with bile detoxification and colonization of lactic acid bacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract. Here, we isolated a putative BSH (LpBSH) from the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus paragasseri JCM 5343T and demonstrated its bifunctional activity that allows it to degrade not only bile salts but also the antibiotic (penicillin). Although antibiotic resistance and bile detoxification have been separately recognized as different microbial functions, our findings suggest that bifunctional BSHs simultaneously confer ecological advantages to host gut bacteria to improve their survival in the mammalian intestine by attaining a high resistance to bile salts and β-lactams. Strain JCM 5343T showed resistance to both bile salts and β-lactam antibiotics, suggesting that LpBSH may be involved in this multi-resistance of the strain. We further verified that such bifunctional enzymes were broadly distributed among the phylogeny, suggesting that the bifunctionality may be conserved in other BSHs of gut bacteria. This study revealed the physiological role and phylogenetic diversity of bifunctional enzymes degrading bile salts and β-lactams in gut bacteria. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the hitherto-overlooked penicillin-degrading activity of penicillin acylase could be a potential new target for the probiotic function of gut bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kusada
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masanori Arita
- Bioinformation and DDBJ Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Masanori Tohno
- Research Center of Genetic Resources, Core Technology Research Headquarters, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Nasushiobara, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tamaki
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Molecular Basis of Bile Acid-FXR-FGF15/19 Signaling Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116046. [PMID: 35682726 PMCID: PMC9181207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are a group of amphiphilic molecules consisting of a rigid steroid core attached to a hydroxyl group with a varying number, position, and orientation, and a hydrophilic side chain. While BAs act as detergents to solubilize lipophilic nutrients in the small intestine during digestion and absorption, they also act as hormones. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor that forms a heterodimer with retinoid X receptor α (RXRα), is activated by BAs in the enterohepatic circulation reabsorbed via transporters in the ileum and the colon, and plays a critical role in regulating gene expression involved in cholesterol, BA, and lipid metabolism in the liver. The FXR/RXRα heterodimer also exists in the distal ileum and regulates production of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/FGF19, a hormone traveling via the enterohepatic circulation that activates hepatic FGF receptor 4 (FGFR4)-β-klotho receptor complex and regulates gene expression involved in cholesterol, BA, and lipid metabolism, as well as those regulating cell proliferation. Agonists for FXR and analogs for FGF15/19 are currently recognized as a promising therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome and cholestatic diseases.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ridlon JM. Special Issue: Microbial Impact on Cholesterol and Bile Acid Metabolism. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020477. [PMID: 35208931 PMCID: PMC8879128 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Ridlon
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Center for Advanced Study, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kiriyama Y, Nochi H. Physiological Role of Bile Acids Modified by the Gut Microbiome. Microorganisms 2021; 10:68. [PMID: 35056517 PMCID: PMC8777643 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are produced from cholesterol in the liver and are termed primary BAs. Primary BAs are conjugated with glycine and taurine in the liver and then released into the intestine via the gallbladder. After the deconjugation of glycine or taurine by the gut microbiome, primary BAs are converted into secondary BAs by the gut microbiome through modifications such as dehydroxylation, oxidation, and epimerization. Most BAs in the intestine are reabsorbed and transported to the liver, where both primary and secondary BAs are conjugated with glycine or taurine and rereleased into the intestine. Thus, unconjugated primary Bas, as well as conjugated and unconjugated secondary BAs, have been modified by the gut microbiome. Some of the BAs reabsorbed from the intestine spill into the systemic circulation, where they bind to a variety of nuclear and cell-surface receptors in tissues, whereas some of the BAs are not reabsorbed and bind to receptors in the terminal ileum. BAs play crucial roles in the physiological regulation of various tissues. Furthermore, various factors, such as diet, age, and antibiotics influence BA composition. Here, we review recent findings regarding the physiological roles of BAs modified by the gut microbiome in the metabolic, immune, and nervous systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Kiriyama
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Shido 1314-1, Sanuki 769-2193, Kagawa, Japan;
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience, Tokushima Bunri University, Shido 1314-1, Sanuki 769-2193, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nochi
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Shido 1314-1, Sanuki 769-2193, Kagawa, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Déjean G, Tudela H, Bruno L, Kissi D, Rawadi G, Claus SP. Identifying a Novel Bile Salt Hydrolase from the Keystone Gut Bacterium Christensenella minuta. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1252. [PMID: 34207623 PMCID: PMC8228234 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Christensenella minuta are human gut dwelling bacteria that have been proposed as key members of the gut microbiome, regulating energy balance and adiposity of their host. We formerly identified that a novel strain of C. minuta (strain DSM33407) boosted microbiota diversity and stimulated deconjugation of the primary bile acid taurocholic acid in human samples. However, there is no description of a bile salt hydrolase (BSH) protein carried in the genome of C. minuta. Here, we identified and cloned a protein from C. minuta's genome that carries a potent BSH activity, which preferentially deconjugates glycine-conjugated bile acids. We then retrieved 14,319 putative BSH sequences from the NCBI database and filtered them using the UHGP database to collect a total of 6701 sequences that were used to build the most comprehensive phylogenetic tree of BSH-related enzymes identified in the human microbiome so far. This phylogenetic tree revealed that C. minuta's BSH amino acid sequence clusters away from others with a threshold of 70% identity. This is therefore the first description of C. minuta's BSH protein, which may be involved in its unique role within the human gut microbial ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Déjean
- Ysopia Bioscience, 17 Place de la Bourse, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (G.D.); (H.T.); (L.B.); (D.K.); (G.R.)
| | - Héloïse Tudela
- Ysopia Bioscience, 17 Place de la Bourse, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (G.D.); (H.T.); (L.B.); (D.K.); (G.R.)
- ImmunoConcEpT, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Lisa Bruno
- Ysopia Bioscience, 17 Place de la Bourse, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (G.D.); (H.T.); (L.B.); (D.K.); (G.R.)
| | - Déborah Kissi
- Ysopia Bioscience, 17 Place de la Bourse, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (G.D.); (H.T.); (L.B.); (D.K.); (G.R.)
| | - Georges Rawadi
- Ysopia Bioscience, 17 Place de la Bourse, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (G.D.); (H.T.); (L.B.); (D.K.); (G.R.)
| | - Sandrine P. Claus
- Ysopia Bioscience, 17 Place de la Bourse, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (G.D.); (H.T.); (L.B.); (D.K.); (G.R.)
| |
Collapse
|