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Zhang XY, Khakisahneh S, Han SY, Song EJ, Nam YD, Kim H. Ginseng extracts improve circadian clock gene expression and reduce inflammation directly and indirectly through gut microbiota and PI3K signaling pathway. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:24. [PMID: 38503759 PMCID: PMC10950852 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the potential benefits of herbal medicines for therapeutic application in preventing and treating various metabolic disorders, the mechanisms of action were understood incompletely. Ginseng (Panax ginseng), a commonly employed plant as a dietary supplement, has been reported to play its hot property in increasing body temperature and improving gut health. However, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which ginseng regulates body temperature and gut health is still incomplete. This paper illustrates that intermittent supplementation with ginseng extracts improved body temperature rhythm and suppressed inflammatory responses in peripheral metabolic organs of propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothermic rats. These effects were associated with changes in gut hormone secretion and the microbiota profile. The in-vitro studies in ICE-6 cells indicate that ginseng extracts can not only act directly on the cell to regulate the genes related to circadian clock and inflammation, but also may function through the gut microbiota and their byproducts such as lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, administration of PI3K inhibitor blocked ginseng or microbiota-induced gene expression related with circadian clock and inflammation in vitro. These findings demonstrate that the hot property of ginseng may be mediated by improving circadian clock and suppressing inflammation directly or indirectly through the gut microbiota and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Saeid Khakisahneh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Yi Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Song
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 245, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Do Nam
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 245, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Vorländer D, Schultz G, Hoffmann K, Rasch D, Dohnt K. PETR: A novel peristaltic mixed tubular bioreactor simulating human colonic conditions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1118-1143. [PMID: 38151924 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel bioreactor simulating human colonic conditions for in vitro cultivation of intestinal microbiota is presented. The PEristaltic mixed Tubular bioReactor (PETR) is modular designed and periodically kneaded to simulate intestinal peristalsis. The reactor is introduced, characterized from a bioprocess engineer's perspective and discussed in its ability to mimic colon conditions. PETR provides physiological temperature and appropriate anaerobic conditions, simulates intestinal peristalsis, and has a mean residence time of 32.8 ± 0.8 h comparable to the adult human colon. The single-tube design enables a time-constant and longitudinally progressive pH gradient from 5.5 to 7.0. Using a dialysis liquid containing high molecular weight polyethylene glycol, the integrated dialysis system efficiently absorbs short chain fatty acids (up to 60%) and water (on average 850 mL d-1 ). Cultivation of a typical gut bacterium (Bifidobacterium animalis) was performed to demonstrate the applicability for controlled microbiota cultivation. PETR is unique in combining simulation of the entire colon, peristaltic mixing, dialytic water and metabolite absorption, and a progressive pH gradient in a single-tube design. PETR is a further step to precise replication of colonic conditions in vitro for reliable and reproducible microbiota research, such as studying the effect of food compounds, prebiotics or probiotics, or the development and treatment of infections with enteric pathogens, but also for further medical applications such as drug delivery studies or to study the effect of drugs on and their degradation by the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vorländer
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gábor Schultz
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristin Hoffmann
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Detlev Rasch
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katrin Dohnt
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Liu H, Kang X, Ren P, Kuang X, Yang X, Yang H, Shen X, Yan H, Kang Y, Zhang F, Wang X, Guo L, Fan W. Hydrogen gas ameliorates acute alcoholic liver injury via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and regulation of intestinal microbiota. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110252. [PMID: 37196556 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a globally prevalent liver-related disorder characterized by severe oxidative stress and inflammatory liver damage, for which no effective treatment is currently available. Hydrogen gas (H2) has been demonstrated to be an efficient antioxidant in various diseases in animals as well as humans. However, the protective effects of H2 on ALD and its underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated that H2 inhalation ameliorated liver injury, and attenuated liver oxidative stress, inflammation, and steatosis in an ALD mouse model. Moreover, H2 inhalation improved gut microbiota, including increasing the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Clostridia, and decreasing the abundance of Prevotellaceae and Muribaculaceae, and also improved intestinal barrier integrity. Mechanistically, H2 inhalation blocked activation of the LPS/TLR4/NF-κB pathway in liver. Notably, it was further demonstrated that the reshaped gut microbiota may accelerate alcohol metabolism, regulate lipid homeostasis and maintain immune balance by bacterial functional potential prediction (PICRUSt). Fecal microbiota transplantation from mice that had undergone H2 inhalation significantly alleviated acute alcoholic liver injury. In summary, the present study showed that H2 inhalation alleviated liver injury by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, while also improving intestinal flora and enhancing the intestinal barrier. H2 inhalation may serve as an effective intervention for preventing and treating ALD in a clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xing Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Peng Ren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xiaoyu Kuang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xiaorong Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Huan Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yongbo Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Laboratory of Morphology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Linzhi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Laboratory of Morphology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Weiping Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China.
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Haindl R, Totzauer L, Kulozik U. Preservation by lyophilization of a human intestinal microbiota: influence of the cultivation pH on the drying outcome and re‐establishment ability. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:886-900. [PMID: 35124900 PMCID: PMC8913864 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Haindl
- Chair of Food and Bioprocess Engineering TUM School of Life Sciences ZIEL‐Institute for Food and Health Technical University of Munich Weihenstephaner Berg 1 Freising‐Weihenstephan Germany
| | - Lisa Totzauer
- Chair of Food and Bioprocess Engineering TUM School of Life Sciences ZIEL‐Institute for Food and Health Technical University of Munich Weihenstephaner Berg 1 Freising‐Weihenstephan Germany
| | - Ulrich Kulozik
- Chair of Food and Bioprocess Engineering TUM School of Life Sciences ZIEL‐Institute for Food and Health Technical University of Munich Weihenstephaner Berg 1 Freising‐Weihenstephan Germany
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Influence of Cultivation pH on Composition, Diversity, and Metabolic Production in an In Vitro Human Intestinal Microbiota. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation, an alternative treatment method for gastrointestinal diseases, has a high recovery rate, but comes with disadvantages, such as high donor requirements and the low storability of stool. A solution to overcome these problems is the cultivation of an in vitro microbiota. However, the influence of cultivation conditions on the pH are yet unknown. In this study, the influence of the cultivation pH (6.0–7.0) on the system’s behavior and characteristics, including cell count, metabolism, and microbial composition, was investigated. With an increasing cultivation pH, an increase in cell count, total amount of SCFAs, acetate, propionate, and the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia were observed. For the concentration of butyrate and the abundance of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, a decrease with increasing pH was determined. For the concentration of isovalerate, the abundance of Proteobacteria and diversity (richness and Shannon effective), no effect of the pH was observed. Health-promoting genera were more abundant at lower pH levels. When cultivating an in vitro microbiota, all investigated pH values created a diverse and stable system. Ultimately, therefore, the choice of pH creates significant differences in the established in vitro microbiota, but no clear recommendations for a special value can be made.
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