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Jordal PL, Diaz MG, Morazzoni C, Allesina S, Zogno D, Cattivelli D, Galletti S, Guidesi E, Warzée JP, Pane M. Collaborative cytometric inter-laboratory ring test for probiotics quantification. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1285075. [PMID: 38029213 PMCID: PMC10667725 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1285075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. From this definition, accurate enumeration of probiotic products is a necessity. Nonetheless, this definition does not specify the methods for assessing such viability. Colony forming units is the de facto gold standard for enumerating viable in probiotic products. The notion of microbial viability has been anchored in the concept of cultivability, which refers to a cell's capacity to replicate and form colonies on agar media. However, there is a growing consensus that the term "viability" should not be exclusively tied to the ability to cultivate cells. For example, bacterial cells can exist in a Viable But Non-Culturable (VBNC) state, characterized by the maintenance of characteristics such as membrane integrity, enzymatic activity, pH gradients, and elevated levels of rRNA, despite losing the ability to form colonies. Methods Herein we present the results of a collaborative inter-laboratory ring test for cytometric bacterial quantification. Specifically, membrane integrity fluorescence flow cytometry (FFC) method and the newer impedance flow cytometry (IFC) method have been used. Both methods interrogate single cells in solution for the presence of intact membranes. FFC exploits fluorochromes that reflect the presence or absence of an intact membrane. IFC probes membrane integrity in a label-free approach by detecting membrane-induced hindrances to the propagation of electricity. Results A performance ring-test and comparison design on the FFC method showed that the method is robust against the exchange of equipment, procedures, materials, and operators. After initial method optimization with assessments of rehydration medium, wake-up duration, and phase shift gating on the individual strains, the IFC method showed good agreement with the FFC results. Specifically, we tested 6 distinct species of probiotic bacteria (3 Lactobacillus and 3 Bifidobacterium strains) finding good agreement between FFC and IFC results in terms of total and live cells. Discussion Together, these results demonstrate that flow cytometry is a reliable, precise, and user-friendly culture-independent method for bacterial enumeration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Serena Galletti
- AAT – Advanced Analytical Technologies, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - Elena Guidesi
- AAT – Advanced Analytical Technologies, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - Jean-Pol Warzée
- European Scientific League for Probiotics, Brussels, Belgium
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Zhang J, Ren L, Zhang L, Gong Y, Xu T, Wang X, Guo C, Zhai L, Yu X, Li Y, Zhu P, Chen R, Jing X, Jing G, Zhou S, Xu M, Wang C, Niu C, Ge Y, Ma B, Shang G, Cui Y, Yao S, Xu J. Single-cell rapid identification, in situ viability and vitality profiling, and genome-based source-tracking for probiotics products. IMETA 2023; 2:e117. [PMID: 38867931 PMCID: PMC10989769 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Rapid expansion of the probiotics industry demands fast, sensitive, comprehensive, and low-cost strategies for quality assessment. Here, we introduce a culture-free, one-cell-resolution, phenome-genome-combined strategy called Single-Cell Identification, Viability and Vitality tests, and Source-tracking (SCIVVS). For each cell directly extracted from the product, the fingerprint region of D2O-probed single-cell Raman spectrum (SCRS) enables species-level identification with 93% accuracy, based on a reference SCRS database from 21 statutory probiotic species, whereas the C-D band accurately quantifies viability, metabolic vitality plus their intercellular heterogeneity. For source-tracking, single-cell Raman-activated Cell Sorting and Sequencing can proceed, producing indexed, precisely one-cell-based genome assemblies that can reach ~99.40% genome-wide coverage. Finally, we validated an integrated SCIVVS workflow with automated SCRS acquisition where the whole process except sequencing takes just 5 h. As it is >20-fold faster, >10-time cheaper, vitality-revealing, heterogeneity-resolving, and automation-prone, SCIVVS is a new technological and data framework for quality assessment of live-cell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lihui Ren
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- College of Information Science & EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Lei Zhang
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao Branch of China United Network Communications Co., Ltd.QingdaoShandongChina
| | - Yanhai Gong
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Teng Xu
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaohang Wang
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Cheng Guo
- Eastsea Pharma Co., Ltd.QingdaoShandongChina
| | - Lei Zhai
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., China Center of Industrial Culture CollectionBeijingChina
| | - Xuejian Yu
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., China Center of Industrial Culture CollectionBeijingChina
| | - Ying Li
- Qingdao Single‐Cell Biotech. Co., Ltd.QingdaoShandongChina
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao Single‐Cell Biotech. Co., Ltd.QingdaoShandongChina
| | - Rongze Chen
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyan Jing
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Gongchao Jing
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Mingyue Xu
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Chen Wang
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
| | | | - Yuanyuan Ge
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., China Center of Industrial Culture CollectionBeijingChina
| | - Bo Ma
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Yunlong Cui
- Eastsea Pharma Co., Ltd.QingdaoShandongChina
| | - Su Yao
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., China Center of Industrial Culture CollectionBeijingChina
| | - Jian Xu
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Liang D, Wu F, Zhou D, Tan B, Chen T. Commercial probiotic products in public health: current status and potential limitations. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:6455-6476. [PMID: 36688290 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2169858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of commercial probiotics for health improvement and disease treatment has increased in popularity among the public in recent years. The local shops and pharmacies are brimming with various probiotic products such as probiotic food, dietary supplement and pharmaceuticals that herald a range of health benefits, from nutraceutical benefits to pharmaceutical effects. However, although the probiotic market is expanding rapidly, there is increasing evidence challenging it. Emerging insights from microbiome research and public health demonstrate several potential limitations of the natural properties, regulatory frameworks, and market consequences of commercial probiotics. In this review, we highlight the potential safety and performance issues of the natural properties of commercial probiotics, from the genetic level to trait characteristics and probiotic properties and further to the probiotic-host interaction. Besides, the diverse regulatory frameworks and confusing probiotic guidelines worldwide have led to product consequences such as pathogenic contamination, overstated claims, inaccurate labeling and counterfeit trademarks for probiotic products. Here, we propose a plethora of available methods and strategies related to strain selection and modification, safety and efficacy assessment, and some recommendations for regulatory agencies to address these limitations to guarantee sustainability and progress in the probiotic industry and improve long-term public health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingfa Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Dexi Zhou
- National Engineering Research Centre for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Buzhen Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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