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Ailloud F, Gottschall W, Suerbaum S. Methylome evolution suggests lineage-dependent selection in the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Commun Biol 2023; 6:839. [PMID: 37573385 PMCID: PMC10423294 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori, the leading cause of gastric cancer, is genetically highly diverse and harbours a large and variable portfolio of restriction-modification systems. Our understanding of the evolution and function of DNA methylation in bacteria is limited. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the methylome diversity in H. pylori, using a dataset of 541 genomes that included all known phylogeographic populations. The frequency of 96 methyltransferases and the abundance of their cognate recognition sequences were strongly influenced by phylogeographic structure and were inter-correlated, positively or negatively, for 20% of type II methyltransferases. Low density motifs were more likely to be affected by natural selection, as reflected by higher genomic instability and compositional bias. Importantly, direct correlation implied that methylation patterns can be actively enriched by positive selection and suggests that specific sites have important functions in methylation-dependent phenotypes. Finally, we identified lineage-specific selective pressures modulating the contraction and expansion of the motif ACGT, revealing that the genetic load of methylation could be dependent on local ecological factors. Taken together, natural selection may shape both the abundance and distribution of methyltransferases and their specific recognition sequences, likely permitting a fine-tuning of genome-encoded functions not achievable by genetic variation alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Ailloud
- Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Wilhelm Gottschall
- Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Suerbaum
- Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Yu W, Zhang C, Wang Y, Tian X, Miao Y, Meng F, Ma L, Zhang X, Xia J. YAP 5-methylcytosine modification increases its mRNA stability and promotes the transcription of exosome secretion-related genes in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:149-162. [PMID: 36123390 PMCID: PMC9842506 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
YAP is a transcriptional co-activator with critical roles in tumorigenesis. However, its upstream regulatory mechanism, especially how its mRNA stability is regulated, remains to be further studied. Here, we validated that YAP expression was higher in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, and found that YAP m5C modification occurred in its 328-331 3' UTR region under the promotion NSUN2 and ALYREF, and increased the stability of YAP mRNA. This m5C modification also inhibited miR-582-3p binding and m6A modification in the nearby region. In addition, YAP m5C modification enhanced the exosome secretion effect, which was caused by two YAP-dependent transcription factors, Mycn and SOX10, and then stimulating the transcription of seven downstream exosome-promoting genes. Furthermore, we found that YAP m5C modification and its exosome-secretion-promoting function contributed to the malignant phenotype and AZD9291 (a third-generation EGFR-TKI) resistance of LUAD cells. Collectively, YAP is promoted by its m5C modification, and blocking YAP m5C modification will be helpful for future LUAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Anhui University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China
| | - Yikun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoting Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayou Miao
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanyu Meng
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinjing Xia
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China.
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