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Cheng S, Li W, Han Y, Sun Y, Gao P, Zhang X. Recent process developments in beneficiation and metallurgy of rare earths: A review. J RARE EARTH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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The Possibility of Separation of Heavy Minerals as Byproduct of the Danube River Gravel Sand Extraction. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12060659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The history of exploitation of gold from the Danube River’s sandy gravels is centuries long. The extraction of valuable heavy minerals (VHM) concentrate was never intended. Our aim is to find out an effective separation process to produce monomineral concentrates of the following minerals: garnet, ilmenite, zircon, monazite, magnetite, rutile, gold. The essential condition is to use no chemistry (no flotation, leaching, activating). The experimental concentrates were prepared by sluicing on active river channel. Next, the separation results were achieved using gravity and electromagnetic methods with different magnetic intensities. The prepared rutile contained from 63.3% TiO2 to 87% TiO2. The ilmenite concentrate contained 20.5% TiO2 and 39.2% ilmenite. The garnet concentrate contained 94% garnet. The monazite concentrate contained 86.6% monazite, and the sum of REE oxides was 50.1%. The zircon concentrate containing 63.7% ZrO2 means that the prepared concentrate contained 96.1% zircon.
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