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Ronda O, Cieślik BM, Piotrowska B, Isajenko K, Okabayashi S, Chiba K, Tsuboi M, Płotka-Wasylka J. Migration of trace elements and radioisotopes to various fractions of solid wastes generated as a result of the sewage sludge incineration process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 183:245-252. [PMID: 38772135 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The research was aimed at providing new knowledge in the field of chemical characteristics of solid waste generated in the process of combustion of sewage sludge in fluidized bed furnaces. The research material consisted of disposed fluidized beds (DFB), sewage sludge ash (SSA) and air pollution control residues (APC) from three Polish installations for the thermal treatment of sewage sludge. Natural radionuclides as well as anthropogenic isotope 137Cs were determined in the tested materials and the migration of a wide spectrum of trace elements to various waste fractions generated in the process of sewage sludge combustion was examined. It was observed that both radioisotopes and most of the trace elements determined accumulate in SSA and DFB, while the APC fraction contains a much smaller amount of them. The exceptions are mercury and selenium, whose volatile compounds migrate to the exhaust gas dedusting system and accumulate in the APC fraction (up to 40 mg/kg and 13 mg/kg, respectively). A potential threat from the 226Ra isotope in SSA is identified in the context of the management of this waste in the production of building materials because the typical activity of 226Ra in SSA collected from areas with very low Ra content in natural environment exceeds 1.5-6 times the activity of this isotope in conventional cement mixtures. When managing SSA and DFB, special attention should be paid to the content of metalloids such as As, B and Se, due to the high content of mobile forms of these elements in the mentioned materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Ronda
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Bartłomiej Michał Cieślik
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; Kwansei Gakuin University, Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 1 Gakuen Ugahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan.
| | - Barbara Piotrowska
- Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, Konwaliowa 7 str., 03-194 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Isajenko
- Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, Konwaliowa 7 str., 03-194 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Satoki Okabayashi
- Kwansei Gakuin University, Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 1 Gakuen Ugahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan.
| | - Koichi Chiba
- Kwansei Gakuin University, Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 1 Gakuen Ugahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan.
| | - Motohiro Tsuboi
- Kwansei Gakuin University, Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 1 Gakuen Ugahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan.
| | - Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Huang Y, Chen Z, Liu Y, Lu JX, Bian Z, Yio M, Cheeseman C, Wang F, Sun Poon C. Recycling of waste glass and incinerated sewage sludge ash in glass-ceramics. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 174:229-239. [PMID: 38070442 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Disposal of waste glass and incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) in landfills is a waste of resources and poses significant environmental risks. This work aims to recycle waste glass and ISSA together to form value-added glass-ceramics. The physical and mechanical properties, leaching behaviour, and microstructure of the glass-ceramics produced with different proportions of waste glass powder (WGP) and ISSA were investigated. Thermodynamic calculations were performed to predict the formation of crystalline phases and the phase transformation involved. The results showed the potential of WGP and ISSA as raw materials in glass-ceramics production. WGP effectively densified the microstructure of the glass-ceramics by forming a viscous phase. As WGP content increased, the total porosity of glass-ceramics decreased whereas the density increased, accompanied by the formed anorthite transforming into wollastonite. The incorporation of WGP densified and refined the pore structure of the glass-ceramics, thereby improving the mechanical properties and reducing the water absorption. The glass-ceramics produced with a 50:50 blend of WGP and ISSA exhibited the highest compressive strength of 43.7 MPa and the lowest water absorption of 0.3 %. All fabricated glass-ceramics exhibited innocuous heavy metal leaching. The co-sintering of ISSA and WGP can produce additive-free glass-ceramics, characterized by reduced energy consumption and notable heavy metal immobilization capacity. These materials hold promise for utilization in construction as building materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Research Centre for Resources Engineering Towards Carbon Neutrality (RCRE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Research Centre for Resources Engineering Towards Carbon Neutrality (RCRE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Xin Lu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Research Centre for Resources Engineering Towards Carbon Neutrality (RCRE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Zuwang Bian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Research Centre for Resources Engineering Towards Carbon Neutrality (RCRE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Marcus Yio
- UKCRIC Advanced Infrastructure Materials Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Cheeseman
- UKCRIC Advanced Infrastructure Materials Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Fazhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chi Sun Poon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Research Centre for Resources Engineering Towards Carbon Neutrality (RCRE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Abstract
There is a major focus on natural biopolymers of bacterial, animal, or plant origin as ecological materials, replacing petrochemical products. Biologically derived polylactide (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) possess interesting properties, but they are currently too expensive for most applications. Therefore, researchers try to find other biopolymers that are both durable and cheap enough to replace plastics in some applications. One possible candidate is gelatin, which can be transformed into a thin, translucent film that is flexible and has stable and high mechanical properties. Here, we present a method of synthesizing a composite material from gelatin. For preparation of such material, we used gelatin of animal origin (pig skin) with the addition of casein, food gelatin, glycerin, and enzymes as biocatalysts of chemical modification and further extraction of gelatin from collagen. Compositions forming films with homogeneous shapes and good mechanical properties were selected (Tensile strength reaches 3.11 MPa, while the highest value of elongation at break is 97.96%). After administering the samples to microbial scaring, the composites completely decomposed under the action of microorganisms within 30 days, which proves their biodegradation.
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