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Rolka E, Wyszkowski M, Żołnowski AC, Skorwider-Namiotko A. Role of Woody Biomass Ash Material in Immobilization of Cadmium, Lead and Zinc in Soil. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2206. [PMID: 38793272 PMCID: PMC11122979 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, we have observed the dynamic development of bio-heating plants that use wood biomass for heating or energy purposes. The result of this process is a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions as well as in the production of biomass ash (BA). Despite the waste nature of BA, it should be carefully analyzed and assessed for various applications, including environmental ones. Due to the features attributed to BA, including its alkaline reaction, the high capacity of its sorption complex, relatively low salinity, and significant content of macro- and microelements, a hypothesis was put forward in this work undertaken about the positive role of BA as an immobilizing factor for Cd-, Pb-, and Zn-contaminated soils. This research was based on a pot experiment in which four series were considered: (1) BA; (2) BA + Cd; (3) BA + Pb; and (4) BA + Zn. BA was used at doses of 30, 60, and 90 mg pot-1, and metals at doses of 2 mg Cd, 100 mg Pb, and 300 mg Zn kg-1 of soil. The test plant was corn grown for green mass. The study took into account the influence of BA on the content of the total forms of heavy metals (Metot) and their available forms (Meav). In the soil without the addition of metals, a significant increase in the content of Cdtot and Cdav, and a decrease in the content of Zntot were observed due to the application of BA. The addition of metals against the background of the BA used resulted in a significant increase in Cdtot, Pbtot, and Zntot, as well as an increase in the available forms of Pbav but a decrease in Znav. However, there was no significant increase in the Cdav content. The obtained results may indicate the potentially immobilizing role of BA only in the case of zinc. They may constitute the basis for further, more detailed research aimed at determining the role of BA in the immobilization of various metals in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirosław Wyszkowski
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Łódzki 4 Sq., 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.R.); (A.C.Ż.); (A.S.-N.)
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Skorupa ALA, Bispo FHA, Assunção SA, Oliveira JR, Lima FRD, Teixeira MB, Guilherme LRG, Scolforo JRS, Zinn YL, Marques JJ. Spatial distribution of Pb and Zn in soils under native vegetation in Southeast Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:84. [PMID: 38367079 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01859-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals can play an important biological role as micronutrients but also as potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Understanding the natural concentrations of PTEs-Pb and Zn included-in soils allows for the identification and monitoring of contaminated areas and their role in environmental risk assessment. In this study, we aim to determine semi-total or natural and available concentrations of Pb and Zn in topsoils (0-20 cm depth) from 337 samples under native vegetation in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Additionally, we sought to interpret the spatial geochemical variability using geostatistical techniques and quality reference values for these elements in soils were established. The semi-total concentrations were determined by flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption after microwave-assisted nitric acid digestion method. The available concentrations were extracted using the Mehlich-I extractor and determined by atomic absorption spectrometer. Spatial variability was modeled using semivariance estimators: Matheron's classic, Cressie and Hawkins' robust, and Cressie median estimators, the last two being less sensitive to extreme values. This allowed the construction of digital maps through kriging of semi-total Pb and Zn contents using the median estimator, as well as other soil properties by the robust estimator. The dominance of acidic pH and low CEC values reflects highly weathered low-fertility soils. Semi-total Pb contents ranged from 2.1 to 278 mg kg-1 (median: 9.35 mg kg-1) whereas semi-total Zn contents ranged from 2.7 to 495 mg kg-1 (median: 7.7 mg kg-1). The available Pb contents ranged from 0.1 to 6.92 mg kg-1 (median: 0.54 mg kg-1) whereas available Zn contents ranged from 0.1 to 78.2 mg kg-1 (median: 0.32 mg kg-1). The highest Pb and Zn concentrations were observed near Januária, in the northern part of the territory, probably on limestone rocks from the Bambuí group. Finally, the QRVs for Pb and Zn in natural soils were lower than their background values from other Brazilian region and below the prevention values suggested by Brazilian environmental regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba L A Skorupa
- Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fábio H A Bispo
- Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Shirlei A Assunção
- Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jakeline R Oliveira
- Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Francielle R D Lima
- Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcília B Teixeira
- Department of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz R G Guilherme
- Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José R S Scolforo
- Department of Forest Sciences, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Yuri L Zinn
- Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João José Marques
- Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Tziouvalekas M, Noulas C, Thalassinos G, Shaheen SM, Rinklebe J, Antoniadis V. Temperature-induced changes in DTPA-extractable trace elements: Predicting the potential impact of climate change on the availability of soil elements. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141064. [PMID: 38159738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The extraction of trace elements from soil with DTPA is a widely used protocol across laboratories. There is a possible "hidden" discrepancy regarding the results obtained from the extractions, i.e., ambient laboratory temperature and soil properties. In this study, the possible influence of these factors on the extractability of the available forms of Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, and Zn, measured with DTPA were studied. Α series of extractions was carried out on a soil sample under normal laboratory temperatures, which fluctuated throughout the year, from 15 to 33.9 °C. In other 144 soil samples, the prevailing physico-chemical properties of soil were evaluated (pH, organic C, clay, CaCO3) that affected the percentage of DTPA extractability relative to the pseudo-total determined content. A strong positive correlation of all metals versus increased ambient temperature was found. Cu had an R2 of 0.897, Fe 0.970, Mn 0.957, Ni 0.938, Pb 0.876, and, Zn 0.922, all highly significant. Extracted Mn exhibited a 6.5-fold increase at the highest temperature of 33.9 οC compared to the lowest. Similar increasing trend was observed for Fe, and Ni, and smaller for Cu, Zn, and Pb. Inherent soil properties affected the percentage of extractability relative to the total content: extractability of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ni was affected negatively by pH, and the extractability of the studied metals with CaCO3 content. Other soil properties (organic C and clay/sand content) also had an effect, not as pronounced as that of pH and CaCO3. This signifies the necessity of employing standard conditions for routine extractions such as DTPA so that data may be comparable. Also these identified discrepancies may have consequences in the extractability and availability of soil micronutrients and toxic elements regarding climate change. This study aspires to play the role of an initial step towards more robust investigations that would suggest ways of correcting temperature and soil characteristics discrepancies across laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miltiadis Tziouvalekas
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization "Demeter", Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops (IIFC), 1 Theophrastos str., 41335, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Christos Noulas
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization "Demeter", Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops (IIFC), 1 Theophrastos str., 41335, Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgios Thalassinos
- University of Thessaly, Department of Agricultural Crop Production, and Rural Environment, Fytokou Street, 384 46, N. Ionia, Volos, Greece
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil-and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil-and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Vasileios Antoniadis
- University of Thessaly, Department of Agricultural Crop Production, and Rural Environment, Fytokou Street, 384 46, N. Ionia, Volos, Greece
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Khedr M, Emran M, Gispert M, Rashad M. Immobilization of Cr 3+, Cd 2+, and Pb 2+ added to calcareous soil amended with composted agro-industrial residues. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8197. [PMID: 37210401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioavailability of trace metals in soils poses a major threat to the environment, especially with massive mineral fertilizers added to increase plant yield. A plot experiment was conducted for the effectiveness evaluation of compost and vermicompost, recycled from agro-industrial wastes, in immobilizing chromium, cadmium, and lead added to calcareous soil (artificially contaminated). Moreover, immobilization efficiency was compared to the natural occurrence of these metals in the soil without metal addition (uncontaminated soil). In both soils, amendments and mineral fertilizers were applied at three different levels alone and combined to each other. The experimental design was arranged in factorial complete randomized blocks using contamination, organic and mineral fertilizer levels, and their combination as categorical factors. The distribution of metal fractions and their bioavailability in soils and bioaccumulation in wheat grains were evaluated. Soil alkalinity, the contents of soil organic carbon and nitrogen, available phosphorus, and soil micronutrients were significantly improved under vermicompost and compost compared to mineral fertilizer and control. Vermicompost was more effective than compost in reducing metals bioavailability in contaminated soils by increasing the immobilized organic fractions, but it regressed when combined with mineral fertilizers. The bioavailability of the naturally occurring metal levels in uncontaminated soil did not change significantly compared to contaminated soil. Likewise, wheat yield, plant biomass, and nutrient enrichment in wheat grains improved due to enhanced soil nutrient availability. These composted agro-industrial residues, by-products from food industries, can be classified as environmentally-friendly soil amendments for their great potential to enrich soil nutrients, reduce mineral fertilizer addition, enhance plant growth, and stabilize Cr, Cd, and Pb in contaminated calcareous soils under wheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Khedr
- Land and Water Technologies Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Emran
- Land and Water Technologies Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Maria Gispert
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Girona, C Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Mohamed Rashad
- Land and Water Technologies Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
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Mineral Neutralizers as a Tool for Improving the Properties of Soil Contaminated with Copper. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12070895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In phytoremediation processes implemented in highly contaminated areas, there is a high risk of contaminant toxicity during the germination of freshly sown plants. In such conditions, it is recommended to support phytoremediation by using neutralizing additives. The present study aimed at assessing the effect of the addition of mineral neutralizers (MNs), i.e., limestone, clay, and zeolite, to soil contaminated with copper (0, 200, 400, 600 mg kg−1). Basic soil indicators were analyzed, such as pH, hydrolytic acidity (HAC), total exchangeable bases (TEB), cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), electrolytical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (Ntot), carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N),, and interactions of soil micronutrients, such as Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Mn, and Fe with MNs. Copper contamination significantly decreased the soil pH and increased its HAC. A decrease in the share of TEB was found, which resulted in a decrease in the CEC and in BS of the soil. Among the additives, limestone had the most beneficial effect on reducing soil acidity, contributing to a significant increase in TEB, CEC, and BS. The least favorable effect was shown for clay, which generally caused the deterioration of soil properties. The MNs significantly increased the content of Zn, Cr, and Fe and lowered the content of Ni in the soil compared to the control. The demonstrated interactions indicate the diversified activity of MNs at different levels of soil contamination with copper.
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Żołnowski AC, Wyszkowski M, Rolka E, Sawicka M. Mineral Materials as a Neutralizing Agent Used on Soil Contaminated with Copper. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226830. [PMID: 34832231 PMCID: PMC8623833 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the response of plants, using black mustard (Brassica nigra L. Koch) as a model plant, to soil contamination with copper (0, 200, 400, 600 mg Cu kg−1 of soil), and to determine the effectiveness of the Cu immobilization with mineral neutralizing materials, such as lime, clay and zeolite. The plant yield depended on soil contamination and mineral amendments. In the series without neutralizing materials, the level of 600 mg Cu kg−1 reduced the yield and increased leaf greenness. Lime alleviated the toxicity of Cu in objects with 200 mg Cu kg−1. Zeolite slightly mitigated the harmful effects of Cu at the level of 400 and 600 mg kg−1. Zeolite lowered the SPAD index. In the chemical composition of plants, the content of Cu, K, Mg, Na and Ca in plants increased to 400 mg Cu kg−1, while the content of P decreased to 600 mg Cu kg−1. Among the materials, lime reduced the Cu accumulation in plants the most, followed by clay. Cu narrowed the majority of ratios and widened the Ca:P and K:Ca ratios in plants. The applied mineral materials, except lime, did not significantly affect the formation of these indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Cezary Żołnowski
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Łódzki 4 Sq., 10-721 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.C.Ż.); (E.R.)
| | - Mirosław Wyszkowski
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Łódzki 4 Sq., 10-721 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.C.Ż.); (E.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elżbieta Rolka
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Łódzki 4 Sq., 10-721 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.C.Ż.); (E.R.)
| | - Marta Sawicka
- Regional Inspectorate for Environmental Protection in Bialystok, Branch Office in Suwałki, ul. Piaskowa 5, 16-400 Suwałki, Poland;
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