1
|
Yan J, Tran C, Retailleau P, Alami M, Hamze A. Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Functionalized 4-Substituted-4 H-Benzo[ d][1,3]oxazines via Intramolecular Cyclization of ortho-Amide- N-tosylhydrazones. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37327475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized 4-aryl-4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazines are synthesized under transition-metal-free conditions using ortho-amide-N-tosylhydrazones. This synthetic method uses readily available N-tosylhydrazones as the diazo compound precursors and involves an intramolecular ring closure reaction mediated by a protic polar additive (iPrOH). A wide range of functionalized oxazines are obtained by this straightforward method in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, the viability of our strategy is illustrated by the gram-scale elaboration of a bromo-substituted 4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazine and its post-functionalization by palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Orsay 91400, France
| | - Christine Tran
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Orsay 91400, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Mouad Alami
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Orsay 91400, France
| | - Abdallah Hamze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Orsay 91400, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu C, Ke F, Su J, Ma X, Li X, Song Q. Cu-Catalyzed Three-Component Cascade Synthesis of 1,3-Benzothiazines from ortho-Aminohydrazones and Bromodifluoroacetamides. Org Lett 2022; 24:7861-7865. [PMID: 36239477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and convenient synthesis of benzo[d][1,3]thiazine has been developed by employing a copper-catalyzed transformation of readily available ketone-derived hydrazones with elemental sulfur and bromodifluoroalkylative reagents. The strategy involves an S8-catalyzed selective triple-cleavage of bromodifluoroacetamides, which acts as a C1 synthon at the 2-position of benzo[d][1,3]thiazine. A mechanism proceeding through a Cu-carbene intermediate is proposed for the C-S bond formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Yu
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering and College of Material Sciences Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Blvd, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Fumei Ke
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering and College of Material Sciences Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Blvd, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Jianke Su
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering and College of Material Sciences Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Blvd, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Xingxing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering and College of Material Sciences Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Blvd, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering and College of Material Sciences Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Blvd, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Osmanov VK, Chipinsky EV, Khrustalev VN, Novikov AS, Askerov RK, Chizhov AO, Borisova GN, Borisov AV, Grishina MM, Kurasova MN, Kirichuk AA, Peregudov AS, Kritchenkov AS, Tskhovrebov AG. Facile Access to 2-Selenoxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-quinazolinone Scaffolds and Corresponding Diselenides via Cyclization between Methyl Anthranilate and Isoselenocyanates: Synthesis and Structural Features. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185799. [PMID: 36144534 PMCID: PMC9504104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A practical method for the synthesis of 2-selenoxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-quinazolinone was reported. The latter compounds were found to undergo facile oxidation with H2O2 into corresponding diselenides. Novel organoselenium derivatives were characterized by the 1H, 77Se, and 13C NMR spectroscopies, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, IR, elemental analyses (C, H, N), and X-ray diffraction analysis for several of them. Novel heterocycles exhibited multiple remarkable chalcogen bonding (ChB) interactions in the solid state, which were studied theoretically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir K. Osmanov
- Department of Chemistry, R.E. Alekseev Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, Minin St., 24, 603155 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Evgeniy V. Chipinsky
- Department of Chemistry, R.E. Alekseev Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, Minin St., 24, 603155 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Victor N. Khrustalev
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Alexander O. Chizhov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina N. Borisova
- Department of Chemistry, R.E. Alekseev Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, Minin St., 24, 603155 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Borisov
- Department of Chemistry, R.E. Alekseev Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, Minin St., 24, 603155 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria M. Grishina
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita N. Kurasova
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly A. Kirichuk
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Peregudov
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St., 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andreii S. Kritchenkov
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander G. Tskhovrebov
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Kosygina, 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Putta VPRK, Vodnala N, Gujjarappa R, Tyagi U, Garg A, Gupta S, Pujar PP, Malakar CC. Reagent-Controlled Divergent Synthesis of 2-Amino-1,3-Benzoxazines and 2-Amino-1,3-Benzothiazines. J Org Chem 2019; 85:380-396. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. P. Rama Kishore Putta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jubilant Biosys, Bangalore 560022, Karnataka, India
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Nagaraju Vodnala
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol, Imphal 795004, Manipur, India
| | - Raghuram Gujjarappa
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol, Imphal 795004, Manipur, India
| | - Ujjawal Tyagi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol, Imphal 795004, Manipur, India
| | - Aakriti Garg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Sreya Gupta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Prasad Pralhad Pujar
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Chandi C. Malakar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol, Imphal 795004, Manipur, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khlosy TA, Salem MS, Ali AT, Madkour HM. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity against human tumor cells of heterocyclic systems derived from 2‐thioxo‐1,2‐dihydro‐4
H
‐3,1‐benzothazin‐4‐one. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamer A. Khlosy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Abbasiya Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Marwa S. Salem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Abbasiya Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Amira T. Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Abbasiya Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Hassan M.F. Madkour
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Abbasiya Cairo 11566 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Yin Z, Wang H, Wu XF. Pd/C-Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of 2-Aminobenzoxazinones from 2-Iodoaryl Azides and Amines. Org Lett 2019; 21:3242-3246. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youcan Zhang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Zhiping Yin
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hai Wang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Niu B, Jiang B, Yu LZ, Shi M. Base-promoted [3 + 3] cyclization of cyclopropenones and cyclopropenethiones with amides for the synthesis of 6H-1,3-oxazin-6-ones and 6H-1,3-thiazin-6-ones. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00091c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile synthesis of 6H-1,3-oxazin-6-ones and 6H-1,3-thiazin-6-ones has been achieved in the base-promoted [3 + 3] cyclization of cyclopropenones and cyclopropenethiones with amides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Niu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Liu-Zhu Yu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Min Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Matysiak J, Skrzypek A, Niewiadomy A, Karpińska MM, Wietrzyk J, Paw B, Kłopotowska D. Synthesis of 4-(4-methylidene-4H-3,1-benzothiazin-2-yl)benzene1,3-diols and their antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s106816201601009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
10
|
Matysiak J, Juszczak M, Karpińska MM, Langner E, Walczak K, Lemieszek MK, Skrzypek A, Niewiadomy A, Rzeski W. Synthesis of 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)thieno-1,3-thiazin-4-ones, their lipophilicity and anticancer activity in vitro. Mol Divers 2015; 19:725-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
Reddy BVS, Babu RA, Ramana Reddy M, Reddy BJM, Sridhar B. Intramolecular C–O/C–S bond insertion of α-diazoesters for the synthesis of 2-aryl-4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazine and 2-aryl-4H-benzo[d][1,3]thiazine derivatives. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08208g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An intramolecular C–O/C–S insertion of 2-(2-arylamidophenyl)-2-diazoacetate/2-diazo-2-(2-arylthioamidophenyl)acetate is achieved using 10 mol% Cu(OTf)2 to generate benzoxazines/benzothiazines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. V. Subba Reddy
- Natural Product Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
| | - R. Anji Babu
- Natural Product Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Adikavi Nannaya University
| | - M. Ramana Reddy
- Natural Product Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
| | | | - B. Sridhar
- Laboratory of X-ray Crystallography
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu XF, Sharif M, Shoaib K, Neumann H, Pews-Davtyan A, Langer P, Beller M. A Convenient Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of 2-Aminbenzoxazinones from 2-Bromoanilines and Isocyanates. Chemistry 2013; 19:6230-3. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
13
|
Two-pot synthesis of N,N-disubstituted 4H-3,1-benzothiazin-2-amines from aryl(2-isothiocyanatophenyl)methanones and secondary amines. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
14
|
Lucas SD, Costa E, Guedes RC, Moreira R. Targeting COPD: advances on low-molecular-weight inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase. Med Res Rev 2011; 33 Suppl 1:E73-101. [PMID: 21681767 DOI: 10.1002/med.20247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major increasing health problem and the World Health Organization (WHO) reports COPD as the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. COPD refers to a condition of inflammation and progressive weakening of the structure of the lung as well as irreversible narrowing of the airways. Current treatment is only palliative and no available drug halts the progression of the disease. Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a serine protease, which plays a major role in the COPD inflammatory process. The protease/anti-protease imbalance leads to an excess of extracellular HNE hydrolyzing elastin, the structural protein that confers elasticity to the lung tissue. Although HNE was identified as a therapeutic target for COPD more than 30 years ago, only Sivelestat (ONO-5046), an HNE inhibitor from Ono Pharmaceutical, has been approved for clinical use. Nevertheless, Sivelestat is only approved in Japan and its development in the USA was terminated in 2003. Other inhibitors in pre-clinical or phase I trials were discontinued for various reasons. Hence, there is an urgent need for low-molecular-weight synthetic elastase inhibitors and the present review discusses the recent advances on this field covering acylating agents, transition-state inhibitors, mechanism-based inhibitors, relevant natural products, and major patent disclosures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana D Lucas
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, iMed UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av Prof Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Niewiadomy A, Matysiak J, Karpińska MM. Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of New 2-Aryl-4H-3,1-benzothiazines. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2011; 344:224-30. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
16
|
Ottersbach PA, Elsinghorst PW, Häcker HG, Gütschow M. Direct Formation of Ring-Fused 1,3-Thiazine-2,4-dithiones from Aromatic o-Amino Carboxylic Acids: Observation of a Carbon Disulfide Mediated Thionation. Org Lett 2010; 12:3662-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol101471g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A. Ottersbach
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Paul W. Elsinghorst
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Häcker
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
1,2-Dihydro-2-thioxo-4H-3,1-benzothiazin-4-one: formation from carbon disulfide and isatoic anhydride. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
18
|
Häcker HG, Leyers S, Wiendlocha J, Gütschow M, Wiese M. Aromatic 2-(thio)ureidocarboxylic acids as a new family of modulators of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1: synthesis, biological evaluation, and structure-activity relationships. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4586-95. [PMID: 19580319 DOI: 10.1021/jm900688v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four series of aromatic carboxylic acids were prepared with a urea or thiourea moiety at the neighboring position to the carboxyl group and benzene or thiophene as aromatic scaffold. Using a calcein AM assay, these compounds were evaluated as inhibitors of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and selected compounds were examined toward P-glycoprotein (P-gp) as well as breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) to assess selectivity for MRP1. Two 2-thioureidobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxylic acids (48, 49) were identified as particularly potent inhibitors of MRP1, with IC50 values of around 1 microM. The structural features of this new family of nontoxic MRP1 inhibitors include a (thio)urea disubstituted with preferentially two alkyl groups at the terminal nitrogen and an additional fused aromatic ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Georg Häcker
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|