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Probowati W, Koga S, Harada K, Nagano Y, Nagano AJ, Ishimaru K, Ohshima K, Fukuda S. RAD-Seq analysis of wild Japanese garlic (Allium macrostemon Bunge) growing in Japan revealed that this neglected crop was previously actively utilized. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16354. [PMID: 37773322 PMCID: PMC10541398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Allium macrostemon Bunge, commonly referred to as "no-biru" in Japan, is a widespread wild onion species found across the country. Despite being deeply entwined in ancient Japanese culture, it remains an underutilized crop in Japan. Determining the origins of its domestic populations and understanding their genetic composition is crucial to highlighting the plant's historical significance in Japan. This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by examining the genetic diversity of 47 A. macrostemon samples from various regions in Japan using RAD-Seq. Our analyses distinguished unique population structures, dividing the samples into three distinct groups: A, B, and C. Notably, groups A and B showed clear evidence of bulb propagation, while group C did not. Group C formed four subgroups: C1, C2, C3, and C4. Hybridization between subgroup C1 and either group A, B, or both, resulted in the emergence of subgroups C2, C3, and C4. Thus, groups A, B, and C1 are posited as the ancestral populations. Additionally, our morphological observations indicated distinct differences among these three groups. Our findings also suggest that human migration may have influenced the plant's distribution, hinting at active usage in the past that later waned, causing its current underutilized status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiwit Probowati
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Center for Education and Research in Agricultural Innovation, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shogo Koga
- Center for Education and Research in Agricultural Innovation, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kentaro Harada
- Center for Education and Research in Agricultural Innovation, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yukio Nagano
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Atsushi J Nagano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kanji Ishimaru
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kazusato Ohshima
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
- Center for Education and Research in Agricultural Innovation, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
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Wu J, Li L, Liu C, Li C, Cui Y, Ding W, Zhang J, Shi L. Two New Compounds from Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus and Their In Vitro Antioxidant Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:6176. [PMID: 37687005 PMCID: PMC10488416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new compounds named 4,4'-bis(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)biphenyl (1) and spirostane-25(27)-en-2α,3β-diol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (2) were isolated from n-butanol extraction part of 80% ethanol extract of Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus. Alongside these, ten known compounds (3-12) were also identified, including a flavonoid glycoside (3), seven steroids (4-10), a nucleoside (11), and a phenylpropanoid glycoside (12) were found. Notably, compounds 3-6 were isolated from this plant for the first time. The structures of all compounds were confirmed using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), 1D, and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Some of these compounds showed strong antioxidant activity, and compound 1 demonstrated the most potent reduction of ferric ions (Fe3+) with an IC50 value of 0.59 ± 0.18 mg/mL. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited the highest scavenging activity against superoxide anion radicals (O2-·) with an IC50 value of 0.02 ± 0.01 mg/mL. Additionally, compound 3 displayed substantial scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) with IC50 values of 0.21 ± 0.17 mg/mL and 0.02 ± 0.01 mg/mL, respectively. The discovery of these two new compounds is a reference for identifying Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus quality markers. Moreover, their exceptional antioxidant activity offers a promising avenue for uncovering novel natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfa Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.W.); (L.L.); (C.L.); (C.L.); (Y.C.); (W.D.)
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.W.); (L.L.); (C.L.); (C.L.); (Y.C.); (W.D.)
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.W.); (L.L.); (C.L.); (C.L.); (Y.C.); (W.D.)
| | - Chunyi Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.W.); (L.L.); (C.L.); (C.L.); (Y.C.); (W.D.)
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.W.); (L.L.); (C.L.); (C.L.); (Y.C.); (W.D.)
| | - Weixing Ding
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.W.); (L.L.); (C.L.); (C.L.); (Y.C.); (W.D.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.W.); (L.L.); (C.L.); (C.L.); (Y.C.); (W.D.)
| | - Leiling Shi
- Xinjiang Institute of Chinese and Ethnic Medicine, Urumqi 830002, China
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Wang H, Zheng Q, Dong A, Wang J, Si J. Chemical Constituents, Biological Activities, and Proposed Biosynthetic Pathways of Steroidal Saponins from Healthy Nutritious Vegetable- Allium. Nutrients 2023; 15:2233. [PMID: 37432450 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Allium is a common functional vegetable with edible and medicinal value. Allium plants have a special spicy taste, so they are often used as food and seasoning in people's diets. As a functional food, Allium also has abundant biological activities, some of which are used as drugs to treat diseases. By consuming Allium on a daily basis, people can receive active compounds of natural origin, thereby improving their health status and reducing the likelihood of disease. Steroidal saponins are important secondary metabolites of Allium, which are formed by the steroidal aglycone group and sugar. Steroidal saponins have various physiological activities, such as hypoglycemic, antiplatelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, and enzyme activity inhibition, which is one of the key reasons why Allium has such significant health benefits. The structural diversity and rich biological activities of steroidal saponins make Allium important plants for both food and medicine. In this paper, the chemical structures, biological activities, and structure-activity relationships of steroidal saponins isolated from Allium are reviewed, and the biosynthetic pathways of some key compounds are proposed as well, to provide a molecular reference basis based on secondary metabolites for the health value of Allium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxiang Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aijun Dong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junchi Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianyong Si
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China
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Wu J, Wang L, Cui Y, Liu F, Zhang J. Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus: A Comprehensive Review of Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062485. [PMID: 36985457 PMCID: PMC10054501 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The dried bulbs of Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus (AMB) are called “薤白” in China and are mainly distributed in Asia. The plant species included in the 2020 Edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP) are Allium macrostemon Bunge (called xiaogensuan in Chinese, A. macrostemon) and Allium chinense G. Don (called xie in Chinese, A. chinense), respectively. In the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theoretical system, AMB is warm in nature, acrid-bitter taste, and attributive to the heart, lung, stomach, large intestine meridian. AMB has the function of activating Yang and removing stasis, regulating Qi and eliminating stagnation. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that AMB has anti-platelet aggregation, hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, cardiomyocyte, vascular endothelial cell protection, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-asthmatic, and anti-oxidant effects. In some Asian countries, AMB is often used to treat coronary heart disease (CHD), angina pectoris (AP), asthma, and diarrhea. This review collates the botanical background, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, quality control, and toxicological studies of AMB, and provides an outlook on the current research deficiencies and future research priorities of AMB, intending to provide ideas for future research directions and commercial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfa Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130600, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130600, China
- Correspondence:
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Yang X, Dai Y, Ji Z, Zhang X, Fu W, Han C, Xu Y. Allium macrostemon Bunge. exerts analgesic activity by inhibiting NaV1.7 channel. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114495. [PMID: 34364968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Allium macrostemon Bunge. is an edible Chinese herb traditionally used for the treatment of thoracic pain, stenocardia, heart asthma and diarrhea. Although its biological potential has been extensively proven such as antioxidant activity, antiplatelet aggregation, vasodilation and antidepressant-like activity, there are no reports in the literature regarding its pharmacological analgesic activity. AIM OF THE STUDY The study was carried out to examine the anti-nociceptive activity of the crude extract of A. macrostemon bulbs and interpret its likely molecular target. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bulbs of A. macrostemon were gathered, dried-up, and extracted with water (AMWD). AMWD was subjected to activity testing, using chemical-induced (acetic acid and formalin test) and heat-induced (hot plate) pain models. To evaluate the likely mechanistic strategy involved in the analgesic effect of AMWD, whole-cell patch clamp recordings were conducted in acutely dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells expressing pain-related receptors. Electrophysiological methods were employed to detect the action potentials of DRG neurons and potential targets of A. macrostemon. RESULTS AMWD showed significant palliative effect in all heat and chemical induced pain assays. Moreover, AMWD significantly reduces the excitability of dorsal root ganglion neurons by reducing the firing frequency of action potentials. Further analysis revealed that voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 is the potential target of A. macrostemon for its analgesic activity. CONCLUSION This study has brought new scientific evidence of preclinical efficacy of A. macrostemon as an anti-nociceptive agent. Apparently, these effects are involved with the inhibition of the voltage-sensitive Nav1.7 channel contributing to the reduction of peripheral neuronal excitability. Our present study justifies the folkloric usage of A. macrostemon as a remedy for several pain states. Furthermore, A. macrostemon is a good resource for the development of analgesic drugs targeting Nav1.7 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chuxiong Medical College, Chuxiong, 675005, China.
| | - Yuwen Dai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chuxiong Medical College, Chuxiong, 675005, China
| | - Zhilin Ji
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chuxiong Medical College, Chuxiong, 675005, China
| | - Xiangyi Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chuxiong Medical College, Chuxiong, 675005, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chuxiong Medical College, Chuxiong, 675005, China
| | - Chaochi Han
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chuxiong Medical College, Chuxiong, 675005, China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chuxiong Medical College, Chuxiong, 675005, China.
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Geng P, Chen P, Lin LZ, Sun J, Harrington P, Harnly JM. Classification of structural characteristics facilitate identifying steroidal saponins in Alliums using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ling S, Jin L, Li S, Zhang F, Xu Q, Liu M, Chen X, Liu X, Gu J, Liu S, Liu N, Ou W. Allium macrostemon Saponin Inhibits Activation of Platelet via the CD40 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:570603. [PMID: 33584257 PMCID: PMC7874237 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.570603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allium macrostemon saponin is a traditional Chinese medicine that exhibits anti-atherosclerosis effects. However, the mechanism of its action has not been fully clarified. Platelet activation induced by CD40L plays an important role in the process of atherosis. In the present study, we demonstrate for the first time that A. macrostemon saponin inhibits platelet activation induced by CD40L. Moreover, the effects of saponin on platelet activation were achieved by activation of the classical CD40L-associated pathway, including the PI3K/Akt, MAPK and NF-κB proteins. In addition, the present study further demonstrated that saponin exhibited an effect on the TRAF2-mediated ubiquitination degradation, which contributed to the inhibition of the CD40 pathway and its downstream members. The findings determine that A. macrostemon saponin inhibits activation of platelets via activation of downstream proteins of the CD40 pathway. This in turn affected TRAF2-associated ubiquitination degradation and caused an anti-thrombotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Ling
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shizheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangcheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingke Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuke Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jielei Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenchao Ou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Petropoulos SA, Di Gioia F, Polyzos N, Tzortzakis N. Natural Antioxidants, Health Effects and Bioactive Properties of Wild Allium Species. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1816-1837. [PMID: 32013820 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200203145851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing interest from the pharmaceutical and food industry in natural antioxidant and bioactive compounds derived from plants as substitutes for synthetic compounds. The genus Allium is one of the largest genera, with more than 900 species, including important cultivated and wild species, having beneficial health effects. OBJECTIVE The present review aims to unravel the chemical composition of wild Allium species and their healthrelated effects, focusing on the main antioxidant compounds. For this purpose, a thorough study of the literature was carried out to compile reports related to health effects and the principal bioactive compounds. Considering the vast number of species, this review is divided into subsections where the most studied species are presented, namely Allium ampeloprasum, A. flavum, A. hookeri, A. jesdianum, A. neapolitanum, A. roseum, A. stipitatum, A. tricoccum, and A. ursinum, with an additional composite section for less studied species. METHODS The information presented in this review was obtained from worldwide accepted databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar and Researchgate, using as keywords the respective names of the studied species (both common and Latin names) and the additional terms of"antioxidants" "health effects" and "bioactive properties". CONCLUSION The genus Allium includes several wild species, many of which are commonly used in traditional and folklore medicine while others are lesser known or are of regional interest. These species can be used as sources of natural bioactive compounds with remarkable health benefits. Several studies have reported these effects and confirmed the mechanisms of action in several cases, although more research is needed in this field. Moreover, considering that most of the studies refer to the results obtained from species collected in the wild under uncontrolled conditions, further research is needed to elucidate the effects of growing conditions on bioactive compounds and to promote the exploitation of this invaluable genetic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, N. Ionia, Magnissia, Greece
| | - Francesco Di Gioia
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Nikos Polyzos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, N. Ionia, Magnissia, Greece
| | - Nikos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
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Zhang WY, Yu Y, Yan LL, Li C, Han JY, Qin ZF, Dai Y, Yao ZH, Zhou H, Yao XS. Discovery of cardio-protective constituents of Gualou Xiebai Decoction, a classical traditional Chinese medicinal formula. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 54:318-327. [PMID: 30060904 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Finding effective compounds of TCMs has always been the basis for achieving marker-based quality control which is currently most widely used quality control strategy. Gualou Xiebai Decoction (GLXB), a classical TCM formula, is recorded and proven as a therapy for curing coronary heart disease but the effective constituents are unidentified and the substantial basis of the therapeutic effects is not clear. PURPOSE The present research is an investigation on the chemistry of this formula aiming at finding and precisely identifying effective compounds. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This research started with screening for effective fractions of GLXB by rat myocardial infarction model and H9c2 cell hypoxia/reoxygenation model, then compounds in effective fractions were isolated and identified by phytochemical and spectroscopic methods. The cardio-protective activities of the compounds were tested in vitro and one of the effective compounds was taken as example to investigate the mechanisms. RESULTS The water-insoluble parts of GLXB were identified as effective parts in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Systematic isolation of compounds in the effective fractions resulted in the isolation of 34 compounds including 7 new compounds, whereas 8 compounds were effective in protecting H9c2 cells against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. One of the effective compounds, macrostemonoside P (MP) possibly exerted its effect by activating RISK pathway and attenuating apoptosis. CONCLUSION An array of effective constituents of GLXB were discovered, and discovery of these compounds contributed to elucidating the substantial basis for the therapeutic effects of this formula, and provides fundaments for establishing Q-markers for further reliable quality control of GLXB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yang Zhang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine (Macau University of Science and Technology), Taipa, Macau, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Lu-Lu Yan
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine (Macau University of Science and Technology), Taipa, Macau, PR China; Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Chong Li
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine (Macau University of Science and Technology), Taipa, Macau, PR China
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zi-Fei Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yi Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hong Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine (Macau University of Science and Technology), Taipa, Macau, PR China.
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine (Macau University of Science and Technology), Taipa, Macau, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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Upadhyay S, Jeena GS, Shukla RK. Recent advances in steroidal saponins biosynthesis and in vitro production. PLANTA 2018; 248:519-544. [PMID: 29748819 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal saponins exhibited numerous pharmacological activities due to the modification of their backbone by different cytochrome P450s (P450) and UDP glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Plant-derived steroidal saponins are not sufficient for utilizing them for commercial purpose so in vitro production of saponin by tissue culture, root culture, embryo culture, etc, is necessary for its large-scale production. Saponin glycosides are the important class of plant secondary metabolites, which consists of either steroidal or terpenoidal backbone. Due to the existence of a wide range of medicinal properties, saponin glycosides are pharmacologically very important. This review is focused on important medicinal properties of steroidal saponin, its occurrence, and biosynthesis. In addition to this, some recently identified plants containing steroidal saponins in different parts were summarized. The high throughput transcriptome sequencing approach elaborates our understanding related to the secondary metabolic pathway and its regulation even in the absence of adequate genomic information of non-model plants. The aim of this review is to encapsulate the information related to applications of steroidal saponin and its biosynthetic enzymes specially P450s and UGTs that are involved at later stage modifications of saponin backbone. Lastly, we discussed the in vitro production of steroidal saponin as the plant-based production of saponin is time-consuming and yield a limited amount of saponins. A large amount of plant material has been used to increase the production of steroidal saponin by employing in vitro culture technique, which has received a lot of attention in past two decades and provides a way to conserve medicinal plants as well as to escape them for being endangered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Upadhyay
- Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, (CSIR-CIMAP) P.O. CIMAP (a laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Gajendra Singh Jeena
- Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, (CSIR-CIMAP) P.O. CIMAP (a laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Shukla
- Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, (CSIR-CIMAP) P.O. CIMAP (a laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India.
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11
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Steroidal Constituents from Roots and Rhizomes of Smilacina japonica. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040798. [PMID: 29601498 PMCID: PMC6017528 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new steroidal constituents (1–4) along with two known steroidal glycosides (5 and 6) were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Smilacina japonica. Analysis of their physicochemical properties and spectroscopic profiles identified the compounds as (25S)-5α-spirostan-9(11)-en-3β, 17α-diol (1); (25S)-5α-spirostan-9(11)-en-3β, 12β-diol (2); (25S)-5α-spirostan-9(11)-en-3β, 17α-diol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3); (25S)-5α-spirostan-9(11)-en-3β, 17α-diol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-galactopyranoside (4); japonicoside B (5); and japonicoside C (6). All six compounds showed cytotoxic activity against SMMC-7712, Bel-7402, A549, H460, and K562 human cancer cells.
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12
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Studies on new steroidal saponins from Allii macrostemonis bulbus and their antitumor activities. Chem Res Chin Univ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-018-7213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Abdelrahman M, Mahmoud HYAH, El-Sayed M, Tanaka S, Tran LS. Isolation and characterization of Cepa2, a natural alliospiroside A, from shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) with anticancer activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 116:167-173. [PMID: 28577504 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of new and promising anticancer compounds continues to be one of the main tasks of cancer research because of the drug resistance, high cytotoxicity and limitations of tumor selectivity. Natural products represent a better choice for cancer treatment in comparison with synthetic compounds because of their pharmacokinetic properties and lower side effects. In the current study, we isolated a steroidal saponin, named Cepa2, from the dry roots of shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group), and determined its structure by using two-dimensional nuclear manganic resonance (2D NMR). The 1H NMR and 13C NMR data revealed that the newly isolated Cepa2 compound is identical to alliospiroside A (C38H60O12) [(25S)-3β-hydroxyspirost-5-en-1β-yl-2-O-(6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl)-α-L-arabinopyranoside], whose anticancer activity remains elusive. Our in vitro examination of the cytotoxic activity of the identified Cepa2 against P3U1 myeloma cancer cell line showed its high efficiency as an anticancer with 91.13% reduction in P3U1 cell viability 12 h post-treatment. The reduction of cell viability was correlated with the increase in reactive oxygen species levels in Cepa2-treated P3U1 cells, as compared with untreated cells. Moreover, scanning electron microscope results demonstrated apoptosis of the Cepa2-treated P3U1 cells in a time course-dependent manner. The results of our study provide evidence for the anticancer properties of the natural Cepa2/alliospiroside A extracted from shallot plants, and a strong foundation for in-depth investigations to build theoretical bases for cell apoptosis and development of novel anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; Botany Department Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Hassan Y A H Mahmoud
- Division of infectious Diseases, Animal Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Magdi El-Sayed
- Botany Department Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Shuhei Tanaka
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - L S Tran
- Plant Abiotic Stress Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam; Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumiku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
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14
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Vasodilation effect of volatile oil from Allium macrostemon Bunge are mediated by PKA/NO pathway and its constituent dimethyl disulfide in isolated rat pulmonary arterials. Fitoterapia 2017; 120:52-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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15
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Usui A, Matsuo Y, Tanaka T, Ohshima K, Fukuda S, Mine T, Yakashiro I, Ishimaru K. Ferulic acid esters of glucosylglucose from Allium macrostemon Bunge. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2017; 19:215-221. [PMID: 27588352 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2016.1213722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three new ferulic acid esters of glucosylglucose, 1-O-(E)-feruloyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl (1-2)-[β- d-glucopyranosyl (1-6)]-β-d-glucopyranose (allimacronoid A, 1), 1-O-(E)-feruloyl-{β-d-glucopyranosyl (1-4)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl (1-2)]}-[β- d-glucopyranosyl (1-6)]-β-d-glucopyranose (allimacronoid B, 2), and 1-O-(E)-feruloyl-{β-d-glucopyranosyl (1-6)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl (1-2)]}-[β- d-glucopyranosyl (1-6)]-β-d-glucopyranose (allimacronoid C, 3) were isolated together with tuberonoid A (4), from the leaves of Allium macrostemon Bunge. The chemical structures were elucidated based on the analyses of the spectroscopic and chemical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Usui
- a Faculty of Agriculture , Saga University , Saga 840-8502 , Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsuo
- b Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki 852-8521 , Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- b Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki 852-8521 , Japan
| | - Kazusato Ohshima
- a Faculty of Agriculture , Saga University , Saga 840-8502 , Japan
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- a Faculty of Agriculture , Saga University , Saga 840-8502 , Japan
| | - Takara Mine
- c Saga Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Pharmaceutical Research , Saga 849-0925 , Japan
| | - Ichiro Yakashiro
- c Saga Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Pharmaceutical Research , Saga 849-0925 , Japan
| | - Kanji Ishimaru
- a Faculty of Agriculture , Saga University , Saga 840-8502 , Japan
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16
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Usui A, Matsuo Y, Tanaka T, Ohshima K, Fukuda S, Mine T, Nakayama H, Ishimaru K. Ferulic Acid Esters of Oligo-glucose from Allium macrostemon. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new ferulic acid esters of oligo-glucose, 1- O- (E)-feruloyl-β-D-gentiobioside (1) and 1- O-( E)-feruloyl-{β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→6)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)]}-β-D-glucopyranoside (allimacronoid D, 2) were isolated together with 1- O-( E)-feruloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) and trans-ferulic acid (4) from the leaves of Allium macrostemon Bunge. The chemical structures were elucidated based on the analyses of the spectroscopic and chemical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Usui
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsuo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kazusato Ohshima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Takara Mine
- Saga Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Pharmaceutical Research, 1-20 Hacchounawate, Saga 849-0925, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakayama
- Saga Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Pharmaceutical Research, 1-20 Hacchounawate, Saga 849-0925, Japan
| | - Kanji Ishimaru
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga 840-8502, Japan
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YAO ZH, QIN ZF, DAI Y, YAO XS. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus, a traditional Chinese medicine. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 14:481-98. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(16)30058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Qin Z, Lin P, Dai Y, Yao Z, Wang L, Yao X, Liu L, Chen H. Quantification and semiquantification of multiple representative components for the holistic quality control of Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus
by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1834-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zifei Qin
- College of Pharmacy; Jinan University; Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Pei Lin
- College of Pharmacy; Jinan University; Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Yi Dai
- College of Pharmacy; Jinan University; Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Yao
- College of Pharmacy; Jinan University; Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Pharmacy; Jinan University; Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- College of Pharmacy; Jinan University; Guangzhou P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Macau University of Science and Technology; Avenida Wai Long Taipa Macau P.R. China
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P.R. China
| | - Liyin Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science; Xiamen University; Xiamen P.R. China
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Abstract
Twelve flavonoids were isolated from Allium macrostemon leaves. Five compounds were identified as kaempferol 3,7-di -O-glucoside (1), kaempferol 3,4′-di- O-glucoside (2), quercetin 3- O-glucoside (3), kaempferol 3- O-glucoside (4) and isorhamnetin 3- O-glucoside (5) by UV spectra, LC-MS, acid hydrolysis and HPLC comparisons with authentic standards. Other flavonoids were characterized as kaempferol glycosides (6–8, 10 and 11) and quercetin glycosides (9 and 12). Other compounds, such as steroidal saponins, have been already found from the bulbs of A. macrostemon. However, flavonoids were reported for the first time from the leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Nakane
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki 300–0393, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Iwashina
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki 300–0393, Japan
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4–1–1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan
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20
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Qin ZF, Dai Y, Yao ZH, He LL, Wang QY, Geng JL, Chen HF, Yao XS. Study on chemical profiles and metabolites of Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus as well as its representative steroidal saponins in rats by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2015; 192:499-515. [PMID: 26304378 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus (AMB) is increasingly becoming popular as an edible vegetable or traditional folk medicine in East Asia due to its great health and medicinal properties. However, due to a lack of available research, the effective material of AMB still remains unknown. In this study, we applied a strategy utilising ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) to investigate chemical profiles of AMB. In addition, metabolite profiles of five representative single steroidal saponins as well as AMB were investigated. Moreover, the metabolic features of saponins in AMB were summarised. After oral administration, the saponins underwent massive phase I and phase II metabolism. Sequential deglycosylation metabolism in rat intestine was the main metabolic pathway of the steroidal saponins, while oxidation, dehydrogenation, glucuronic acid reactions in liver also take part in further modification. These results expand our knowledge about the metabolism of AMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Fei Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yi Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hong Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Liang-Liang He
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Qi-Yi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Jian-Liang Geng
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Hai-Feng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, PR China.
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Anticancer Activity of Saponins from Allium chinense against the B16 Melanoma and 4T1 Breast Carcinoma Cell. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:725023. [PMID: 26146506 PMCID: PMC4469801 DOI: 10.1155/2015/725023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic substance of A. chinense saponins (ACSs) was isolated using ethanol extraction and purified with the D101 macroporous adsorption resin approach. We investigated the anticancer activity of ACSs in the B16 melanoma and 4T1 breast carcinoma cell lines. Methylthioninium chloride and hematoxylin-eosin staining with Giemsa dyestuff were used when the cells were treated with ACSs. The results showed that the cells morphologies changed significantly; ACSs induced cell death in B16 and 4T1 cells based on acridine orange/ethidium bromide double fluorescence staining, with the number and degree of apoptotic tumor cells increasing as ACS concentration increased. ACSs inhibited the proliferation of B16 and 4T1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. They also inhibited cell migration and colony formation and exhibited a concentration-dependent effect. In addition, ACSs apparently inhibited the growth of melanoma in vivo. The preliminary antitumor in vivo assay revealed that early medication positively affected tumor inhibition action and effectively protected the liver and spleen of C57 BL/6 mice from injury. This study provides evidence for the cytotoxicity of ACSs and a strong foundation for further research to establish the theoretical basis for cell death and help in the design and development of new anticancer drugs.
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Sobolewska D, Michalska K, Podolak I, Grabowska K. Steroidal saponins from the genus Allium. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2014; 15:1-35. [PMID: 26893594 PMCID: PMC4735241 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal saponins are widely distributed among monocots, including the Amaryllidaceae family to which the Allium genus is currently classified. Apart from sulfur compounds, these are important biologically active molecules that are considered to be responsible for the observed activity of Allium species, including antifungal, cytotoxic, enzyme-inhibitory, and other. In this paper, literature data concerning chemistry and biological activity of steroidal saponins from the Allium genus has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Sobolewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, Kraków, Poland
| | - Klaudia Michalska
- Department of Phytochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, Kraków, Poland
| | - Irma Podolak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Grabowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, Kraków, Poland
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23
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Liu XC, Liu Q, Zhou L, Liu ZL. Evaluation of larvicidal activity of the essential oil of Allium macrostemon Bunge and its selected major constituent compounds against Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:184. [PMID: 24731297 PMCID: PMC3996138 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the screening programme for new agrochemicals from Chinese medicinal herbs and local wild plants, the essential oil of dried bulbs of Allium macrostemon Bunge (Liliaceae) was found to possess larvicidal activity against mosquitoes. The aim of this research was to determine the larvicidal activity of the essential oil and its major constituent compounds against the larvae of the Culicidae mosquito, Aedes albopictus. METHODS Essential oil of A. macrostemon was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromaotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The activity of the essential oil and its two major constituents were evaluated, using World Health Organization (WHO) procedures, against the fourth instar larvae of Ae. albopictus for 24 h and larval mortalities were recorded at various essential oil/compound concentrations ranging from 9.0 - 150 μg/ml. RESULTS The essential oil of A. macrostemon exhibited larvicidal activity against the early fourth instar larvae of Ae. albopictus with an LC₅₀ value of 72.86 μg/ml. The two constituent compounds, dimethyl trisulfide and methyl propyl disulfide possessed strong larvicidal activity against the early fourth instar larvae of Ae. albopictus with LC50 values of 36.36 μg/ml and 86.16 μg/ml, respectively. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the essential oil of A. macrostemon and its major constituents have good potential as a source for natural larvicides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhi Long Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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24
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Inhibition of platelet activation and aggregation by furostanol saponins isolated from the bulbs of Allium macrostemon Bunge. Am J Med Sci 2013; 344:261-7. [PMID: 22222335 DOI: 10.1097/maj.0b013e31823ea9f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Three new furostanol saponins (FSs) were recently isolated from the dried bulbs of Allium macrostemon and were shown to have antiplatelet effects. This study investigated the inhibitory capabilities of these compounds on adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced human platelet activation. FS-1, when compared with the other 2, had a potent inhibitory effect on ADP-induced platelet aggregation and on the expression of P-selectin and integrin β-3. FS-1 also inhibited Ca mobilization and significantly decreased phosphorylated AKT expression in ADP-activated platelets. The suppression by FS-1 of ADP-induced platelet activation and aggregation shown in this study indicate its potential for therapeutic applications.
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Zhang Z, Wang F, Wang M, Ma L, Zeng X. Extraction optimisation and antioxidant activities in vitro of polysaccharides from Allium macrostemon Bunge. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02899.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Caamal-Fuentes E, Torres-Tapia LW, Simá-Polanco P, Peraza-Sánchez SR, Moo-Puc R. Screening of plants used in Mayan traditional medicine to treat cancer-like symptoms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 135:719-724. [PMID: 21501677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the potential of plants used in Mayan traditional medicine to treat cancer-like symptoms using the Mayan ethnobotany literature, and evaluate their organic extracts for in vitro cytotoxic activity on cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS The selection of the plants studied in this investigation was based on the Mayan ethnobotanical information provided by different literature sources. Extracts were obtained by maceration with methanol for 72 h of each plant part used and evaporated in vacuo to give the corresponding dried extract. Each methanol extract was tested for its cytotoxicity using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay performed in 96-well tissue plates on seven cancer cell lines, lung carcinoma (A549), cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa), laryngeal carcinoma (Hep-2), nasopharynx carcinoma (KB), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3), and cervix squamous carcinoma cells (SiHa), as well as normal human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK-293). Cell proliferation/viability was spectrophotometrically assessed at 540 nm after addition of MTT. RESULTS 51 plants were found in the literature to be used for the treatment of symptoms suggestive of cancer, 21 were chosen to evaluate the cytotoxic activity. Aeschynomene fascicularis root bark extract showed a pronounced cytotoxic activity on Hela and KB cell lines and Bonellia macrocarpa stem and root bark extracts showed similar prominent activities on KB cells. CONCLUSION 21 plants were selected according to their use in the treatment of cancer-like symptoms recorded in the ethnobotanical literature. Plant extracts prepared from Aeschynomene fascicularis root bark and Bonellia macrocarpa stem and root bark have been selected for extensive studies leading to the isolation of the active constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Caamal-Fuentes
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán 97200, Mexico
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Podolak I, Galanty A, Sobolewska D. Saponins as cytotoxic agents: a review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2010; 9:425-474. [PMID: 20835386 PMCID: PMC2928447 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-010-9183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Saponins are natural glycosides which possess a wide range of pharmacological properties including cytotoxic activity. In this review, the recent studies (2005-2009) concerning the cytotoxic activity of saponins have been summarized. The correlations between the structure and the cytotoxicity of both steroid and triterpenoid saponins have been described as well as the most common mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Podolak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Danuta Sobolewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
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