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Pérez-Ramos P, Mateo MA, Elorriaga D, García-Vivó D, Soengas RG, Rodríguez-Solla H. Coordination of azol(in)ium dithiocarboxylate ligands to Au(III): unexpected formation of a novel family of cyclometallated Au(III) complexes, DFT calculations and catalytic studies. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9433-9440. [PMID: 38758133 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01184h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A series of cyclometallated gold(III) complexes 21-27 of general formula [Au(dppta)(azdtc)Cl] (dppta = N,N-diisopropyl-P,P-diphenylphosphinothioic amide-κ2C,S; azdtc = azol(in)ium-2-dithiocarboxylate-κ1S) were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic and diffractometric techniques. Treatment of [Au(dppta)(azdtc)Cl] complexes with methanol led to their quantitative transformation into a novel family of (C^S, S^S)-cyclometallated gold(III) complexes of general formula [Au(dppta)(azmtd)] (azmdt = azol(in)ium-2-(methoxy)methanedithiol-κ2S,S) 28-34. All the [Au(dppta)(azdtc)Cl] complexes 21-27 catalyzed the alkylation of indoles, whereas [Au(dppta)(azmtd)] complexes 28-34 were inactive. Among the synthesized derivatives, complex 22 displayed the highest catalytic activity, leading to a series of functionalized indoles in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pérez-Ramos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - María A Mateo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - David Elorriaga
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Daniel García-Vivó
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Raquel G Soengas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Humberto Rodríguez-Solla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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2
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Li SR, Tan YM, Zhang L, Zhou CH. Comprehensive Insights into Medicinal Research on Imidazole-Based Supramolecular Complexes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051348. [PMID: 37242590 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The electron-rich five-membered aromatic aza-heterocyclic imidazole, which contains two nitrogen atoms, is an important functional fragment widely present in a large number of biomolecules and medicinal drugs; its unique structure is beneficial to easily bind with various inorganic or organic ions and molecules through noncovalent interactions to form a variety of supramolecular complexes with broad medicinal potential, which is being paid an increasing amount of attention regarding more and more contributions to imidazole-based supramolecular complexes for possible medicinal application. This work gives systematical and comprehensive insights into medicinal research on imidazole-based supramolecular complexes, including anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory aspects as well as ion receptors, imaging agents, and pathologic probes. The new trend of the foreseeable research in the near future toward imidazole-based supramolecular medicinal chemistry is also prospected. It is hoped that this work provides beneficial help for the rational design of imidazole-based drug molecules and supramolecular medicinal agents and more effective diagnostic agents and pathological probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Rui Li
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yi-Min Tan
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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3
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Wanjari PJ, Saha N, Dubey G, Bharatam PV. Metal-free methods for the generation of benzimidazoles and 2-aminobenzimidazoles. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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4
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Conceptual advances in the preparation and excited-state properties of neutral luminescent (C^N) and (C^C*) monocyclometalated gold(III) complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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5
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Chakraborty P, Oosterhuis D, Bonsignore R, Casini A, Olinga P, Scheffers D. An Organogold Compound as Potential Antimicrobial Agent against Drug-Resistant Bacteria: Initial Mechanistic Insights. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3060-3070. [PMID: 34181818 PMCID: PMC8518660 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance has necessitated novel strategies to efficiently combat pathogenic bacteria. Metal-based compounds have been proven as a possible alternative to classical organic drugs. Here, we have assessed the antibacterial activity of seven gold complexes of different families. One compound, a cyclometalated Au(III) C^N complex, showed activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including multi-drug resistant clinical strains. The mechanism of action of this compound was studied in Bacillus subtilis. Overall, the studies point towards a complex mode of antibacterial action, which does not include induction of oxidative stress or cell membrane damage. A number of genes related to metal transport and homeostasis were upregulated upon short treatment of the cells with gold compound. Toxicity tests conducted on precision-cut mouse tissue slices ex vivo revealed that the organogold compound is poorly toxic to mouse liver and kidney tissues, and may thus, be treated as an antibacterial drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichita Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular MicrobiologyGroningen Institute for Biomolecular Sciences and BiotechnologyUniversity of Groningen9747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Dorenda Oosterhuis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmacyGroningen Research Institute of PharmacyUniversity of Groningen9713AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Bonsignore
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstr. 485748Garching b. MünchenGermany
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstr. 485748Garching b. MünchenGermany
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmacyGroningen Research Institute of PharmacyUniversity of Groningen9713AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Dirk‐Jan Scheffers
- Department of Molecular MicrobiologyGroningen Institute for Biomolecular Sciences and BiotechnologyUniversity of Groningen9747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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6
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Nayak S, Gaonkar SL. Coinage Metal N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Recent Synthetic Strategies and Medicinal Applications. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1360-1390. [PMID: 33277791 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New weapons are constantly needed in the fight against cancer. The discovery of cisplatin as an anticancer drug prompted the search for new metal complexes. The successful history of cisplatin motivated chemists to develop a plethora of metal-based molecules. Among them, metal-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes have gained significant attention because of their suitable qualities for efficient drug design. The enhanced applications of coinage metal-NHC complexes have encouraged a gradually increasing number of studies in the fields of medicinal chemistry that benefit from the fascinating chemical properties of these complexes. This review aims to present recent developments in synthetic strategies and medicinal applications of copper, silver and gold complexes supported by NHC ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnagowri Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Santosh L Gaonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
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7
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Anticancer and antibacterial properties of trinuclear Cu(I), Ag(I) and Au(I) macrocyclic NHC/urea complexes. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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Haziz UF, Haque RA, Zhan SZ, Razali MR. Mononuclear Gold(I) bis-N-heterocyclic carbene: Synthesis and photophysical study. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Akkoç S, Kayser V, İlhan İÖ. Synthesis and
In Vitro
Anticancer Evaluation of Some Benzimidazolium Salts. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Senem Akkoç
- School of PharmacyThe University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of ChemistryErciyes University Kayseri 38039 Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical SciencesSuleyman Demirel University Isparta 32260 Turkey
| | - Veysel Kayser
- School of PharmacyThe University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - İlhan Özer İlhan
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of ChemistryErciyes University Kayseri 38039 Turkey
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10
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Choo KB, Mah WL, Lee SM, Lee WL, Cheow YL. Palladium complexes of bidentate pyridineN-heterocyclic carbenes: Optical resolution, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity studies. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kar Bee Choo
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia; Jalan Lagoon Selatan 47500 Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
| | - Wee Li Mah
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia; Jalan Lagoon Selatan 47500 Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
| | - Sui Mae Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia; Jalan Lagoon Selatan 47500 Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
| | - Wai Leng Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia; Jalan Lagoon Selatan 47500 Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
| | - Yuen Lin Cheow
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia; Jalan Lagoon Selatan 47500 Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
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11
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Diehl T, Krause MTS, Ueberlein S, Becker S, Trommer A, Schnakenburg G, Engeser M. Synthesis of hydroxyl-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene gold(i) complexes and peptide conjugates. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:2988-2997. [PMID: 28198476 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04834j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a series of new cationic gold(i) complexes with hydroxyl-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands is described. They are valuable building blocks for further derivatization: as a first example, coupling with amino acids and a dipeptide, respectively, successfully results in amino acid and peptide conjugates that are hard to obtain by other synthetic routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Diehl
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Melanie T S Krause
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Sven Ueberlein
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Becker
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Aline Trommer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marianne Engeser
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
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12
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Water-soluble gold(III) complexes with N-donor ligands as potential immunomodulatory and antibiofilm agents. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Zhao W, Ferro V, Baker MV. Carbohydrate– N -heterocyclic carbene metal complexes: Synthesis, catalysis and biological studies. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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14
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Schmidt C, Karge B, Misgeld R, Prokop A, Franke R, Brönstrup M, Ott I. Gold(I) NHC Complexes: Antiproliferative Activity, Cellular Uptake, Inhibition of Mammalian and Bacterial Thioredoxin Reductases, and Gram-Positive Directed Antibacterial Effects. Chemistry 2017; 23:1869-1880. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schmidt
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Beethovenstrasse 55 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Bianka Karge
- Department of Chemical Biology; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH; Inhoffenstrasse 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Rainer Misgeld
- Department of Paedriatric Oncology; Children's Hospital Cologne; Amsterdamer Strasse 59 50735 Cologne Germany
| | - Aram Prokop
- Department of Paedriatric Oncology; Children's Hospital Cologne; Amsterdamer Strasse 59 50735 Cologne Germany
| | - Raimo Franke
- Department of Chemical Biology; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH; Inhoffenstrasse 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH; Inhoffenstrasse 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Beethovenstrasse 55 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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15
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16
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Farooq M, Taha NA, Butorac RR, Evans DA, Elzatahry AA, Wadaan MAM, Cowley AH. BIAN N-Heterocyclic Gold Carbene Complexes induced cytotoxicity in human cancer cells via upregulating oxidative stress. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:7003-6. [PMID: 26514482 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.16.7003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles of gold and silver are offering revolutionary changes in the field of cancer therapy. N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) metal complexes possess diverse biological activities and are being investigated as potential chemotherapeutic agents. The purpose of this study was to examine the cytotoxicity and possible mechanisms of action of two types of newly synthesized nanofiber composites containing BIAN N-heterocyclic gold carbene complexes in two types of human cancer cells, namely breast cancer (MCF7) and liver cancer (HepG2) cells and also in normal human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT cell viability assay and oxidative stress by checking the total glutathione level. RESULTS Both compounds affected the cell survival of the tested cell lines at very low concentrations (IC50 values in the micro molar range) as compared to a well-known anti-cancer drug, 5 fluorouracil. A 60-80% depletion in total glutathione level was detected in treated cells. CONCLUSIONS Reduction in total glutathione level is one of the biochemical pathways for the induction of oxidative stress which in turn could be a possible mechanism of action by which these compounds induce cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines. The in vitro toxicity towards cancer cells found here means that these molecules could be potential anticancer candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia E-mail :
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17
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Mihorianu M, Franz MH, Jones PG, Freytag M, Kelter G, Fiebig HH, Tamm M, Neda I. N-Heterocyclic carbenes derived from imidazo-[1,5-a]pyridines related to natural products: synthesis, structure and potential biological activity of some corresponding gold(I) and silver(I) complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mihorianu
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Carola Wilhelmina; Hagenring 30 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - M Heiko Franz
- InnoChemTech GmbH; Hagenring 30 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany
- Institutul National de Cercetare Dezvoltare pentru Electrochimie si Materie Condensata; Str. Dr A. Paunescu Podeanu Nr 144 Ro-300569 Timisoara Romania
| | - Peter G Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Carola Wilhelmina; Hagenring 30 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Matthias Freytag
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Carola Wilhelmina; Hagenring 30 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Gerhard Kelter
- Oncotest GmbH; Am Flughafen 12-14 D-79108 Freiburg Germany
| | | | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Carola Wilhelmina; Hagenring 30 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Ion Neda
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Carola Wilhelmina; Hagenring 30 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany
- Institutul National de Cercetare Dezvoltare pentru Electrochimie si Materie Condensata; Str. Dr A. Paunescu Podeanu Nr 144 Ro-300569 Timisoara Romania
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18
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Song D, Ma S. Recent Development of Benzimidazole-Containing Antibacterial Agents. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:646-59. [PMID: 26970352 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinically significant antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century. However, new antibacterial agents are currently being developed at a much slower pace than our growing need for such drugs. Given their diverse biological activities and clinical applications, many bioactive heterocyclic compounds containing a benzimidazole nucleus have been the focus of interest for many researchers. The benzimidazole nucleus is a structural isostere of naturally occurring nucleotides. This advantage allows benzimidazoles to readily interact with the various biopolymers found in living systems. In view of this situation, much attention has been given to the exploration of benzimidazole-based antibacterial agents, leading to the discovery of many new chemical entities with intriguing profiles. In this minireview we summarize novel benzimidazole derivatives active against various bacterial strains. In particular, we outline the relationship between the structures of variously modified benzimidazoles and their antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shutao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, P.R. China.
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We identified auranofin as an antimicrobial compound utilizing a high-throughput screen using a Caenorhabditis elegans-Staphylococcus aureus infection model. Results/methodology: Treatment of infected nematodes with auranofin resulted in a prolonged survival rate of 95%, reached with 0.78 μg/ml. Further investigation of the antimicrobial activity of auranofin found inhibition against S. aureus, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. Importantly, the fungal pathogens Cryptococcus neoformans was also effectively inhibited with an MIC at 0.5 μg/ml. Auranofin appears to target the thioredoxin system. CONCLUSION This work provides extensive additional data on the antibacterial effects of auranofin that includes both reference and clinical isolates and reports a novel inhibition of fungal pathogens by this compound.
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20
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Savić ND, Milivojevic DR, Glišić BĐ, Ilic-Tomic T, Veselinovic J, Pavic A, Vasiljevic B, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Djuran MI. A comparative antimicrobial and toxicological study of gold(iii) and silver(i) complexes with aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocycles: synergistic activity and improved selectivity index of Au(iii)/Ag(i) complexes mixture. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26002g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy may be applied in the case of gold(iii) and silver(i) complexes with aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocycles to improve their antimicrobial activity and reduce toxic-side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada D. Savić
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Kragujevac
- 34000 Kragujevac
- Serbia
| | - Dusan R. Milivojevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering
- University of Belgrade
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Biljana Đ. Glišić
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Kragujevac
- 34000 Kragujevac
- Serbia
| | - Tatjana Ilic-Tomic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering
- University of Belgrade
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Jovana Veselinovic
- Faculty of Medicine
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Niš
- 18000 Niš
- Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Pavic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering
- University of Belgrade
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Branka Vasiljevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering
- University of Belgrade
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | | | - Miloš I. Djuran
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Kragujevac
- 34000 Kragujevac
- Serbia
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21
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Shareena Dasari TP, Zhang Y, Yu H. Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Gold (I) and (III) Ions and Gold Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 4. [PMID: 27019770 PMCID: PMC4807878 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0501.1000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and gold ion complexes have been investigated for their antibacterial activities. However, the majority of the reports failed to disclose the concentration of free Au(I) or Au(III) present in solutions of AuNPs or gold ion complexes. The inconsistency of antibacterial activity of AuNPs may be due to the effect of the presence of Au(III). Here we report the antibacterial activity of Au(I) and Au(III) to four different bacteria: one nonpathogenic bacterium: E. coli and three multidrug-resistant bacteria: E. coli, S. typhimurium DT104, and S. aureus. Au(I) and Au(III) as chloride are highly toxic to all the four bacteria, with IC50 of 0.35 - 0.49 µM for Au(III) and 0.27-0.52 µM for Au(I).The bacterial growth inhibition by both Au(I) and Au(III) increases with exposure time and is strongly affected by the use of buffers. The IC50 values for Au(I) and Au(III) in different buffers are HEPES (0.48 and 1.55 µM) > Trizma (0.41 and 0.57 µM) > PBS (0.14 and 0.06 µM). Bacterial growth inhibition by AuNPs is gradually reduced by centrifugation-resuspension to remove residual Au(III) ion present in the crude synthetic AuNPs. After 4 centrifugations-resuspensions, AuNPs become non-toxic. In addition, both Au(I) and Au(III) are cytotoxic to skin keratinocyte and blood lymphocyte cells. These results suggest that Au(I) and Au(III) in pure or complex forms may be explored as a method to treat drug-resistant bacteria, and the test of AuNPs toxicity must consider residual Au(III), exposure time, and the use of buffers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - H Yu
- Corresponding author: Hongtao Yu, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA, Tel: 001-601-979-2171;
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Farooq M, Taha NA, Butorac RR, Evans DA, Elzatahry AA, Elsayed EA, Wadaan MAM, Al-Deyab SS, Cowley AH. Biological Screening of Newly Synthesized BIAN N-Heterocyclic Gold Carbene Complexes in Zebrafish Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:24718-31. [PMID: 26501273 PMCID: PMC4632773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161024718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) metal complexes possess diverse biological activities but have yet to be extensively explored as potential chemotherapeutic agents. We have previously reported the synthesis of a new class of NHC metal complexes N-heterocyclic with acetate [IPr(BIAN)AuOAc] and chloride [IPr(BIAN)AuCl] ligands. In the experiments reported herein, the zebrafish embryos were exposed to serial dilutions of each of these complexes for 10-12 h. One hundred percent mortality was observed at concentrations≥50 µM. At sub-lethal concentrations (10-30 µM), both compounds influenced zebrafish embryonic development. However, quite diverse categories of abnormalities were found in exposed embryos with each compound. Severe brain deformation and notochord degeneration were evident in the case of [IPr(BIAN)AuOAc]. The zebrafish embryos treated with [IPr(BIAN)AuCl] exhibited stunted growth and consequently had smaller body sizes. A depletion of 30%-40% glutathione was detected in the treated embryos, which could account for one of the possible mechanism of neurotoxicity. The fact that these compounds are capable of both affecting the growth and also compromising antioxidant systems by elevating intracellular ROS production implies that they could play an important role as a new breed of therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nael Abu Taha
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rachel R Butorac
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Daniel Anthony Evans
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Ahmed A Elzatahry
- Materials Science and Technology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Elsayed Ahmed Elsayed
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad A M Wadaan
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salem S Al-Deyab
- Petrochemical Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alan H Cowley
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Zhang Y, Shareena Dasari TP, Deng H, Yu H. Antimicrobial Activity of Gold Nanoparticles and Ionic Gold. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2015; 33:286-327. [PMID: 26072980 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2015.1055161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Gold, in both nanoparticle (AuNPs) and ionic forms, has been studied for antibiotic activities. Some of the organic complexes of Au (I & III) ions are antibacterial. AuNPs are antifungal, but with conflicting results on their antibacterial activity. We summarized these publications and found that AuNPs are generally not bactericidal, or only weakly at high concentrations. However, the reason AuNPs appear to be bactericidal is possibly due to the bactericidal activity of co-existing chemicals not completely removed from AuNPs: gold ions, surface coating agents, and chemicals involved in the synthesis. AuNPs can also act as carriers or delivery vehicles of antibiotics, thus enhancing the bactericidal effect of the antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University , Jackson , Mississippi , USA
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24
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Glišić BĐ, Djuran MI. Gold complexes as antimicrobial agents: an overview of different biological activities in relation to the oxidation state of the gold ion and the ligand structure. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:5950-69. [PMID: 24598838 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00022f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interest in antimicrobial gold complexes originated from the work of Robert Koch at the end of 19th century, who demonstrated that potassium dicyanidoaurate(I), K[Au(CN)2], showed activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a causative agent of tuberculosis. Subsequently, a large number of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes have been evaluated as possible antimicrobial agents against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi and parasites. The first part of the present review article summarizes the results achieved in the field of antibacterial and antifungal activity of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes. The represented gold(I) complexes have been divided into three distinct classes based on the type of coordinated ligand: (i) complexes with phosphine-type ligands, (ii) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and (iii) various other gold(I) complexes, while the results related to the antibacterial and antifungal gold(III) complexes have been mainly focused on the organometallic-type of complexes. The second section of this article represents findings obtained from the evaluation of antimalarial activity of gold complexes against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum parasite. Antimalarial gold(I) and gold(III) complexes have been divided into the following classes, based on the nature of the coordinated ligand: (i) complexes with chloroquine and its derivatives, (ii) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands, (iii) complexes containing functionalised alkynes and (iv) thiosemicarbazonato ligands, as well as (v) other gold(I) and gold(III) complexes. In the last section of the review, gold(I) and gold(III) complexes have been reported to be potential agents against parasites that cause amoebiasis, leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis. A systematic summary of these results could contribute to the future design of new gold(I) and gold(III) complexes as potential antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Đ Glišić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
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25
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Antibacterial properties of water-soluble gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 135:54-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Bala MD, Ikhile MI. Application of three-legged piano-stool cyclopentadienyl-N-heterocyclic carbene iron(II) complexes as in situ catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of ketones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Abstract
Candida species are the cause of 60% of all mycoses in immunosuppressed individuals, leading to ∼150,000 deaths annually due to systemic infections, whereas the current antifungal therapies either have toxic side effects or are insufficiently efficient. We performed a screening of two compound libraries, the Enzo and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) oncology collection library, for anti-Candida activity based on the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines. From a total of 844 drugs, 26 agents showed activity against Candida albicans. Of those, 12 were standard antifungal drugs (SADs) and 7 were off-target drugs previously reported to be active against Candida spp. The remaining 7 off-target drugs, amonafide, tosedostat, megestrol acetate, melengestrol acetate, stanozolol, trifluperidol, and haloperidol, were identified with this screen. The anti-Candida activities of the new agents were investigated by three individual assays using optical density, ATP levels, and microscopy. The antifungal activities of these drugs were comparable to those of the SADs found in the screen. The aminopeptidase inhibitor tosedostat, which is currently in a clinical trial phase for anticancer therapy, displayed a broad antifungal activity against different Candida spp., including Candida glabrata. Thus, this screen reveals agents that were previously unknown to be anti-Candida agents, which allows for the design of novel therapies against invasive candidiasis.
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Oehninger L, Küster LN, Schmidt C, Muñoz-Castro A, Prokop A, Ott I. A chemical-biological evaluation of rhodium(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as prospective anticancer drugs. Chemistry 2013; 19:17871-80. [PMID: 24243420 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Rhodium(I) complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have been widely used in catalytic chemistry, but there are very few reports of biological properties of these organometallics. A series of Rh(I)-NHC derivatives with 1,5-cyclooctadiene and CO as secondary ligands were synthesized, characterized, and biologically investigated as prospective antitumor drug candidates. Pronounced antiproliferative effects were noted for all complexes, along with moderate inhibitory activity of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and efficient binding to biomolecules (DNA, albumin). Biodistribution studies showed that the presence of albumin lowered the cellular uptake and confirmed the transport of rhodium into the nuclei. Changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were observed as well as DNA fragmentation in wild-type and daunorubicin- or vincristine-resistant Nalm-6 leukemia cells. Overall, these studies indicated that Rh(I)-NHC fragments could be used as partial structures of new antitumor agents, in particular in those drugs designed to address resistant malignant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Oehninger
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig (Germany), Fax: (+49) 531 391 8456
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Oehninger L, Rubbiani R, Ott I. N-Heterocyclic carbene metal complexes in medicinal chemistry. Dalton Trans 2012; 42:3269-84. [PMID: 23223752 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32617e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands are widely used in chemistry due to their catalytic properties and applied for olefin metathesis among other reactions. The enhanced application of this type of organometallics has over the last few years also triggered a steadily increasing number of studies in the fields of medicinal chemistry, which take advantage of the fascinating chemical properties of these complexes. In fact it has been demonstrated that metal NHC complexes can be used to develop highly efficient metal based drugs with possible applications in the treatment of cancer or infectious diseases. Complexes of silver and gold have been biologically evaluated most frequently but also platinum or other transition metals have demonstrated promising biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Oehninger
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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30
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Gimeno MC, Laguna A, Visbal R. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Coinage Metal Complexes as Intense Blue-Green Emitters. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300571m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto
de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea
(ISQCH), CSIC−Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Laguna
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto
de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea
(ISQCH), CSIC−Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Renso Visbal
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto
de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea
(ISQCH), CSIC−Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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31
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Doğan Ö, Kaloğlu N, Demir S, Özdemir İ, Günal S, Özdemir İ. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-012-0812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Akkurt M, Akkoç S, Gök Y, Dağdemir Y, Tahir MN. Chlorido[1-phenyl-3-(2,3,5,6-tetra-methyl-benz-yl)benzimidazol-2-yl-idene]silver(I). Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:m590-1. [PMID: 22590100 PMCID: PMC3344334 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812012998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, [AgCl(C24H24N2)], the terminal phenyl and tetramethylbenzene rings [which form a dihedral angle of 87.92 (14)°] make dihedral angles of 59.59 (11) and 83.19 (12)° with respect to the central benzimidazole ring system. The Ag—C and Ag—Cl single-bond lengths are 2.087 (3) and 2.3267 (9) Å. The C—Ag—Cl bond angle is 172.84 (7)°. C—H⋯π interactions contribute to the stabilization of the crystal structure. A very weak π–π stacking interaction between adjacent tetramethylbenzene rings [centroid–centroid distance = 4.0610 (18) Å] is also observed.
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Patra M, Gasser G, Metzler-Nolte N. Small organometallic compounds as antibacterial agents. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:6350-8. [PMID: 22411216 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12460b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of bacterial resistance to commercial antibiotics is an issue of global importance. During the last two decades, the number of antibacterial agents that have been discovered and introduced into the market has steadily declined and failed to meet the challenges posed by rapidly increasing resistance of the pathogens against common antibacterial drugs. The development of new classes of compounds to control the virulence of the pathogens is therefore urgently required. This perspective describes the historical development in brief and recent advances on the preparation of small organometallic compounds as new classes of antibacterial agents with potential for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malay Patra
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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34
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Hashmi ASK, Yu Y, Rominger F. Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Gold(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes and Their Use as Catalysts. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om2008919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg,
Germany
| | - Yang Yu
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg,
Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg,
Germany
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35
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Linden A, Haro TD, Nevado C. [1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]chloridogold(I). Acta Crystallogr C 2012; 68:m1-3. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270111051365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecule of the title compound, [AuCl(C27H36N2)], which belongs to a class of potentially catalytically active N-heterocyclic carbene complexes, has crystallographicC2symmetry and approximateC2vsymmetry. The structure is isostructural with the CuIand AgIanalogues. A previous report of the structure of the title compound as its toluene solvate [Fructoset al.(2005).Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.44, 5284–5288] has inaccurate geometry for the complex molecule as a consequence of probable incorrect refinement in the space groupCc, instead ofC2/c[Marsh (2009).Acta Cryst.B65, 782–783]. The Au—C bond length of 1.998 (4) Å in the title compound is more consistent with the mean distance of 1.979 (14) Å found in 52 other reported [AuCl(carbene)] complexes than with the shorter distance of 1.942 (3) Å given for the refinement in the space groupCcfor the toluene solvate and the value of 1.939 Å obtained from the recalculation of that structure inC2/c.
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36
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Ciftci O, Ozdemir I, Cakir O, Demir S. The determination of oxidative damage in heart tissue of rats caused by ruthenium(II) and gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 27:735-41. [PMID: 21427133 DOI: 10.1177/0748233710395993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to determine the oxidative damage in rat heart tissue induced by ruthenium(II)-NHC (Ru) and gold(I)-NHC (Au) complexes which have anticarcinogenic effects and not used clinically yet. For this purpose, 35 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups. In the control group, rats treated with saline, Ru and Au complexes were intraperitoneally given high (10 mg/kg) and low (5 mg/kg) doses as only one administration. The animals were killed, and heart tissues were taken on day 10 of the drug administration for the determination of the biochemical parameters (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and catalase levels). It was determined that both Ru and Au complexes treatment significantly caused oxidative damage compared to the control group. Additionally, it was shown that Au treatment caused more adverse effects than Ru treatment. Also, it was clearly found that the occurred effects were generally determined in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, when these compounds synthesized for the treatment of cancer were used, they caused oxidative damage in heart tissue. However, Ru complex could be preferred for cancer treatment in terms of user safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Ciftci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey.
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37
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Antimicrobial properties of some bis(iminoacenaphthene (BIAN)-supported N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of silver and gold. Molecules 2011; 16:2285-92. [PMID: 21389906 PMCID: PMC6259750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16032285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The AgCl, AgOAc, AuCl, and AuOAc complexes of the new bis(imino)acenaphthene(BIAN)-supported N-heterocyclic carbene ligand and the precursor imidazolium salt have been investigated with respect to their antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Psudomonas aeruginosa. The most active antimicrobial is the precursor imidazolium salt, which has a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of <40 μg/mL. The MIC values for the silver complexes IPr(BIAN)AgCl and IPr(BIAN)AgOAc against Gram-positive S. aureus are comparable to that for AgNO3, while those against Gram-negative E. coli and P. aeroginosa are significantly larger. Similar behavior was evident for the gold acetate complex IPr(BIAN)AuOAc. However, in the case of the gold chloride analogue, the MIC values are virtually identical for both the Gram-positive and the Gram-negative bacteria.
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Rubbiani R, Kitanovic I, Alborzinia H, Can S, Kitanovic A, Onambele LA, Stefanopoulou M, Geldmacher Y, Sheldrick WS, Wolber G, Prokop A, Wölfl S, Ott I. Benzimidazol-2-ylidene Gold(I) Complexes Are Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibitors with Multiple Antitumor Properties. J Med Chem 2010; 53:8608-18. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100801e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Rubbiani
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Igor Kitanovic
- Institut für Pharmazie und Molekulare Biotechnologie, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hamed Alborzinia
- Institut für Pharmazie und Molekulare Biotechnologie, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suzan Can
- Institut für Pharmazie und Molekulare Biotechnologie, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Kitanovic
- Institut für Pharmazie und Molekulare Biotechnologie, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Liliane A. Onambele
- Department of Paedriatric Oncology, Childrens Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Strasse 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Stefanopoulou
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Yvonne Geldmacher
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - William S. Sheldrick
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Aram Prokop
- Department of Paedriatric Oncology, Childrens Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Strasse 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institut für Pharmazie und Molekulare Biotechnologie, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Hashmi ASK, Lothschütz C, Böhling C, Hengst T, Hubbert C, Rominger F. Carbenes Made Easy: Formation of Unsymmetrically Substituted N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Palladium(II), Platinum(II) and Gold(I) from Coordinated Isonitriles and their Catalytic Activity. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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