1
|
Kamal N, Nizam S, Abdul Aziz A. The effects of nuclear level density model and alpha optical model potential to the excitation functions of novel therapeutic radionuclides. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 203:111085. [PMID: 37924626 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the theoretical cross sections of 209Bi(α,2n)211At, 65Cu(α,n)68Ga, 100Ru(α,n)103Pd, and 121Sb(α,n)124I are calculated using TALYS 1.96, incorporating the effects of the alpha optical model potential and nuclear level density models. The validation process involves comparing the calculated cross sections with experimental data and utilizing statistical deviation factors. This comparison allows us to determine the optimal combination of nuclear model parameters for each reaction. The result shows that theoretical calculations which utilized semi microscopic level density models and alpha OMP managed to describe the excitation functions close to the experimental data. The comparison of nuclear model calculations with experimental data plays a crucial role in ensuring the reliability of the data, making it an essential aspect of modern evaluation procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Kamal
- Department of Physics, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - S Nizam
- Department of Physics, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - A Abdul Aziz
- Department of Physics, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saini S, Bartels JL, Appiah JPK, Rider JH, Baumhover N, Schultz MK, Lapi SE. Optimized Methods for the Production of High-Purity 203Pb Using Electroplated Thallium Targets. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1791-1797. [PMID: 37652545 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.265976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
203Pb is a surrogate imaging match for 212Pb. This elementally matched pair is emerging as a suitable pair for imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy in cancer care. Because of the half-life (51.9 h) and low-energy γ-rays emitted, 203Pb is suitable for the development of diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals. The aim of this work was to optimize the production and separation of high-specific-activity 203Pb using electroplated thallium targets. We further investigated the radiochemistry optimization using a suitable chelator, tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (DO3A), and targeting vector, VMT-α-NET (lead-specific chelator conjugated to tyr3-octreotide via a polyethylene glycol linker). Methods: Targets were prepared by electroplating of natural or enriched (205Tl) thallium metal. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to determine the structure and elemental composition of electroplated targets. Targets were irradiated with 24-MeV protons with varying current and beam time to investigate target durability. 203Pb was purified from the thallium target material using an extraction resin (lead resin) column followed by a second column using a weak cation-exchange resin to elute the lead isotope as [203Pb]PbCl2 Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry studies were used to further characterize the separation for trace metal contaminants. Radiolabeling efficiency was also investigated for DO3A chelator and VMT-α-NET (a peptide-based targeting conjugate). Results: Electroplated targets were prepared at a high plating density of 76-114 mg/cm2 using a plating time of 5 h. A reproducible separation method was established with a final elution in HCl (400 μL, 1 M) suitable for radiolabeling. Greater than 90% recovery yields were achieved, with an average specific activity of 37.7 ± 5.4 GBq/μmol (1.1 ± 0.1 Ci/μmol). Conclusion: An efficient electroplating method was developed to prepare thallium targets suitable for cyclotron irradiation. A simple and fast separation method was developed for routine 203Pb production with high recovery yields and purity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Saini
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Jennifer L Bartels
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Jean-Pierre K Appiah
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Jason H Rider
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | | | | | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ju J, Xu D, Mo X, Miao J, Xu L, Ge G, Zhu X, Deng H. Multifunctional polysaccharide nanoprobes for biological imaging. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 317:121048. [PMID: 37364948 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Imaging and tracking biological targets or processes play an important role in revealing molecular mechanisms and disease states. Bioimaging via optical, nuclear, or magnetic resonance techniques enables high resolution, high sensitivity, and high depth imaging from the whole animal down to single cells via advanced functional nanoprobes. To overcome the limitations of single-modality imaging, multimodality nanoprobes have been engineered with a variety of imaging modalities and functionalities. Polysaccharides are sugar-containing bioactive polymers with superior biocompatibility, biodegradability, and solubility. The combination of polysaccharides with single or multiple contrast agents facilitates the development of novel nanoprobes with enhanced functions for biological imaging. Nanoprobes constructed with clinically applicable polysaccharides and contrast agents hold great potential for clinical translations. This review briefly introduces the basics of different imaging modalities and polysaccharides, then summarizes the recent progress of polysaccharide-based nanoprobes for biological imaging in various diseases, emphasizing bioimaging with optical, nuclear, and magnetic resonance techniques. The current issues and future directions regarding the development and applications of polysaccharide nanoprobes are further discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Ju
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Danni Xu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuan Mo
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiaqian Miao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Xu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Hongping Deng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nguyen AT, Kim HK. Recent Developments in PET and SPECT Radiotracers as Radiopharmaceuticals for Hypoxia Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1840. [PMID: 37514026 PMCID: PMC10385036 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a deficiency in the levels of oxygen, is a common feature of most solid tumors and induces many characteristics of cancer. Hypoxia is associated with metastases and strong resistance to radio- and chemotherapy, and can decrease the accuracy of cancer prognosis. Non-invasive imaging methods such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using hypoxia-targeting radiopharmaceuticals have been used for the detection and therapy of tumor hypoxia. Nitroimidazoles are bioreducible moieties that can be selectively reduced under hypoxic conditions covalently bind to intracellular macromolecules, and are trapped within hypoxic cells and tissues. Recently, there has been a strong motivation to develop PET and SPECT radiotracers as radiopharmaceuticals containing nitroimidazole moieties for the visualization and treatment of hypoxic tumors. In this review, we summarize the development of some novel PET and SPECT radiotracers as radiopharmaceuticals containing nitroimidazoles, as well as their physicochemical properties, in vitro cellular uptake values, in vivo biodistribution, and PET/SPECT imaging results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thu Nguyen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chuang CH, Cheng TL, Chen WC, Huang YJ, Wang HE, Lo YC, Hsieh YC, Lin WW, Hsieh YJ, Ke CC, Huang KC, Lee JC, Huang MY. Micro-PET imaging of hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease activity using a protease-activatable retention probe. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:896588. [PMID: 36406412 PMCID: PMC9672079 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.896588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease is an attractive target for direct-acting antiviral agents. Real-time tracking of the NS3/4A protease distribution and activity is useful for clinical diagnosis and disease management. However, no approach has been developed that can systemically detect NS3/4A protease activity or distribution. We designed a protease-activatable retention probe for tracking HCV NS3/4A protease activity via positron emission topography (PET) imaging. A cell-penetrating probe was designed that consisted of a cell-penetrating Tat peptide, HCV NS3/4A protease substrate, and a hydrophilic domain. The probe was labeled by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and 124I in the hydrophilic domain to form a TAT-ΔNS3/4A-124I-FITC probe. Upon cleavage at NS3/4A substrate, the non-penetrating hydrophilic domain is released and accumulated in the cytoplasm allowing PET or optical imaging. The TAT-ΔNS3/4A-FITC probe selectively accumulated in NS3/4A-expressing HCC36 (NS3/4A-HCC36) cells/tumors and HCV-infected HCC36 cells. PET imaging showed that the TAT-ΔNS3/4A-124I-FITC probe selectively accumulated in the NS3/4A-HCC36 xenograft tumors and liver-implanted NS3/4A-HCC36 tumors, but not in the control HCC36 tumors. The TAT-ΔNS3/4A-124I-FITC probe can be used to represent NS3/4 protease activity and distribution via a clinical PET imaging system allowing. This strategy may be extended to detect any cellular protease activity for optimization the protease-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Chuang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jung Huang
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ell Wang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Lo
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chin Hsieh
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Lin
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ju Hsieh
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Ke
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Chieh Huang
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yii Huang
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bzowski P, Borys D, Gorczewski K, Chmura A, Daszewska K, Gorczewska I, Kastelik-Hryniewiecka A, Szydło M, d'Amico A, Sokół M. Efficiency of 124I radioisotope production from natural and enriched tellurium dioxide using 124Te(p,xn) 124I reaction. EJNMMI Phys 2022; 9:41. [PMID: 35666325 PMCID: PMC9170869 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-022-00471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 124I Iodine (T\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$_{1/2}$$\end{document}1/2 = 4.18 d) is the only long-life positron emitter radioisotope of iodine that may be used for both imaging and therapy as well as for 131I dosimetry. Its physical characteristics permits taking advantages of the higher Positron Emission Tomography (PET) image quality, whereas the availability of new molecules to be targeted with 124I makes it a novel innovative radiotracer probe for a specific molecular targeting. Results In this study Monte Carlo and SRIM/TRIM modelling was applied to predict the nuclear parameters of the 124I production process in a small medical cyclotron IBA 18/9 Cyclone. The simulation production yields for 124I and the polluting radioisotopes were calculated for the natural and enriched 124TeO2 + Al2O3 solid targets irradiated with 14.8 MeV protons. The proton beam was degraded energetically from 18 MeV with 0.2 mm Havar foil. The 124Te(p,xn)124I reactions were taken into account in the simulations. The optimal thickness of the target material was calculated using the SRIM/TRIM and Geant4 codes. The results of the simulations were compared with the experimental data obtained for the natural TeO2 +Al2O3 target. The dry distillation technique of the 124-iodine was applied. Conclusions The experimental efficiency for the natural Te target was better than 41% with an average thick target (>0.8 mm) yield of 1.32 MBq/μAh. Joining the Monte Carlo and experimental approaches makes it possible to optimize the methodology for the 124I production from the expensive Te enriched targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Bzowski
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, PET Diagnostics Unit, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland.,Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.,Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Damian Borys
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, PET Diagnostics Unit, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland. .,Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland. .,Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Kamil Gorczewski
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, PET Diagnostics Unit, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chmura
- Radiopharmacy and Preclinical PET Imaging Unit, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Kinga Daszewska
- Radiopharmacy and Preclinical PET Imaging Unit, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Izabela Gorczewska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, PET Diagnostics Unit, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna Kastelik-Hryniewiecka
- Radiopharmacy and Preclinical PET Imaging Unit, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marcin Szydło
- Radiopharmacy and Preclinical PET Imaging Unit, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Andrea d'Amico
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, PET Diagnostics Unit, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maria Sokół
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Reissig F, Mamat C. Strained Ammonium Precursors for Radiofluorinations. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200039. [PMID: 35736542 PMCID: PMC9220932 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The increasing application of positron emission tomography (PET) in nuclear medicine has stimulated the extensive development of a multitude of novel and versatile techniques to introduce fluorine‐18, especially for the radiolabelling of biologically or pharmacologically active molecules. Taking into consideration that the introduction of fluorine‐18 (t1/2=109.8 min) mostly proceeds under harsh conditions, radiolabelling of such molecules represents a challenge and is of enormous interest. Ideally, it should proceed in a regioselective manner under mild physiological conditions, in an acceptable time span, with high yields and high specific activities. Special attention has been drawn to 2‐fluoroethyl and 3‐fluoropropyl groups, which are often the active sites of radiofluorinated compounds. Precursors containing an ammonium leaving group – such as a strained azetidinium or aziridinium moiety – can help to overcome these obstacles leading to a convenient and mild introduction of [18F]fluoride with high radiochemical yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falco Reissig
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Constantin Mamat
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
George KJH, Borjian S, Cross MC, Hicks JW, Schaffer P, Kovacs MS. Expanding the PET radioisotope universe utilizing solid targets on small medical cyclotrons. RSC Adv 2021; 11:31098-31123. [PMID: 35498914 PMCID: PMC9041346 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04480j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging with medical radioisotopes enables the minimally-invasive monitoring of aberrant biochemical, cellular and tissue-level processes in living subjects. The approach requires the administration of radiotracers composed of radioisotopes attached to bioactive molecules, the pairing of which considers several aspects of the radioisotope in addition to the biological behavior of the targeting molecule to which it is attached. With the advent of modern cellular and biochemical techniques, there has been a virtual explosion in potential disease recognition antigens as well as targeting moieties, which has subsequently opened new applications for a host of emerging radioisotopes with well-matched properties. Additionally, the global radioisotope production landscape has changed rapidly, with reactor-based production and its long-defined, large-scale centralized manufacturing and distribution paradigm shifting to include the manufacture and distribution of many radioisotopes via a worldwide fleet of cyclotrons now in operation. Cyclotron-based radioisotope production has become more prevalent given the commercial availability of instruments, coupled with the introduction of new target hardware, process automation and target manufacturing methods. These advances enable sustained, higher-power irradiation of solid targets that allow hospital-based radiopharmacies to produce a suite of radioisotopes that drive research, clinical trials, and ultimately clinical care. Over the years, several different radioisotopes have been investigated and/or selected for radiolabeling due to favorable decay characteristics (i.e. a suitable half-life, high probability of positron decay, etc.), well-elucidated chemistry, and a feasible production framework. However, longer-lived radioisotopes have surged in popularity given recent regulatory approvals and incorporation of radiopharmaceuticals into patient management within the medical community. This review focuses on the applications, nuclear properties, and production and purification methods for some of the most frequently used/emerging positron-emitting, solid-target-produced radioisotopes that can be manufactured using small-to-medium size cyclotrons (≤24 MeV).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J H George
- Lawson Health Research Institute 268 Grosvenor Street London ON N6A 4V2 Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University 1151 Richmond Street N. London ON N6A 5C1 Canada
| | - S Borjian
- ARTMS 301-4475 Wayburn Drive Burnaby BC V5G 4X4 Canada
| | - M C Cross
- ARTMS 301-4475 Wayburn Drive Burnaby BC V5G 4X4 Canada
| | - J W Hicks
- Lawson Health Research Institute 268 Grosvenor Street London ON N6A 4V2 Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University 1151 Richmond Street N. London ON N6A 5C1 Canada
| | - P Schaffer
- Life Sciences, TRIUMF 4004 Wesbrook Mall Vancouver BC V6T 2A3 Canada
- ARTMS 301-4475 Wayburn Drive Burnaby BC V5G 4X4 Canada
- Radiology, University of British Columbia 2775 Laurel St Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9 Canada
- Chemistry, Simon Fraser University 8888 University Dr Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - M S Kovacs
- Lawson Health Research Institute 268 Grosvenor Street London ON N6A 4V2 Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University 1151 Richmond Street N. London ON N6A 5C1 Canada
- Medical Imaging, Western University 1151 Richmond Street N. London ON N6A 5C1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Race for Hydroxamate-Based Zirconium-89 Chelators. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174466. [PMID: 34503276 PMCID: PMC8431476 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chelators are small molecules that can form a complex with a metal ion by coordinating electron rich atoms from the chelator to the electron-poor cation. Bifunctionalization of the chelator allows for the coupling of the chelator to a vector, such as a biomolecule. Using this approach, radiolabeling of biomolecules with metallic radionuclides can be performed, enabling nuclear imaging studies for diagnosis and radiotherapy of diseases. In the case of positron emission tomography (PET) of radiolabeled antibodies, this approach is called immunoPET. In this review we focus on chelators using hydroxamate groups to coordinate the radionuclide zirconium-89 ([89Zr]Zr4+, denoted as 89Zr in the following). The most common chelator used in this context is desferrioxamine (DFO). However, preclinical studies indicate that the 89Zr-DFO complex is not stable enough in vivo, in particular when combined with biomolecules with slow pharmacokinetics (e.g., antibodies). Subsequently, new chelators with improved properties have been developed, of which some show promising potential. The progress is summarized in this review. Abstract Metallic radionuclides conjugated to biological vectors via an appropriate chelator are employed in nuclear medicine for the diagnosis (imaging) and radiotherapy of diseases. For the application of radiolabeled antibodies using positron emission tomography (immunoPET), zirconium-89 has gained increasing interest over the last decades as its physical properties (t1/2 = 78.4 h, 22.6% β+ decay) match well with the slow pharmacokinetics of antibodies (tbiol. = days to weeks) allowing for late time point imaging. The most commonly used chelator for 89Zr in this context is desferrioxamine (DFO). However, it has been shown in preclinical studies that the hexadentate DFO ligand does not provide 89Zr-complexes of sufficient stability in vivo and unspecific uptake of the osteophilic radiometal in bones is observed. For clinical applications, this might be of concern not only because of an unnecessary dose to the patient but also an increased background signal. As a consequence, next generation chelators based on hydroxamate scaffolds for more stable coordination of 89Zr have been developed by different research groups. In this review, we describe the progress in this research field until end of 2020, including promising examples of new candidates of chelators currently in advanced stages for clinical translation that outrun the performance of the current gold standard DFO.
Collapse
|
10
|
Jayaprakasam VS, Paroder V, Schöder H. Variants and Pitfalls in PET/CT Imaging of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Semin Nucl Med 2021; 51:485-501. [PMID: 33965198 PMCID: PMC8338802 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, PET/CT has become an essential modality in oncology increasingly used in the management of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Most PET/CT tracers used in clinical practice show some degree of GI uptake. This uptake is quite variable and knowledge of common patterns of biodistribution of various radiotracers is helpful in clinical practice. 18F-Fluoro-Deoxy-Glucose (FDG) is the most commonly used radiotracer and has quite a variable uptake within the bowel. 68Ga-Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) shows intense uptake within the proximal small bowel loops. 11C-methyl-L-methionine (MET) shows high accumulation within the bowels, which makes it difficult to assess bowel or pelvic diseases. One must also be aware of technical artifacts causing difficulties in interpretations, such as high attenuation oral contrast material within the bowel lumen or misregistration artifact due to patient movements. It is imperative to know the common variants and benign diseases that can mimic malignant pathologies. Intense FDG uptake within the esophagus and stomach may be a normal variant or may be associated with benign conditions such as esophagitis, reflux disease, or gastritis. Metformin can cause diffuse intense uptake throughout the bowel loops. Intense physiologic uptake can also be seen within the anal canal. Segmental bowel uptake can be seen in inflammatory bowel disease, radiation, or medication induced enteritis/colitis or infection. Diagnosis of appendicitis or diverticular disease requires CT correlation, as normal appendix or diverticulum can show intense uptake. Certain malignant pathologies are known to have only low FDG uptake, such as early-stage esophageal adenocarcinoma, mucinous tumors, indolent lymphomas, and multicystic mesotheliomas. Response assessment, particularly in the neoadjuvant setting, can be limited by post-treatment inflammatory changes. Post-operative complications such as abscess or fistula formation can also show intense uptake and may obscure underlying malignant pathology. In the absence of clinical suspicion or rising tumor marker, the role of FDG PET/CT in routine surveillance of patients with GI malignancy is not clear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vetri Sudar Jayaprakasam
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Viktoriya Paroder
- Body Imaging Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Heiko Schöder
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Production of a broad palette of positron emitting radioisotopes using a low-energy cyclotron: Towards a new success story in cancer imaging? Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 176:109860. [PMID: 34284216 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the last several years, positron emission tomography (PET) has matured as an indispensable component of cancer diagnostics. Owing to the large variability observed among the cancer patients and the need to personalize individual patient's diagnosis and treatment, the need for new positron emitting radioisotopes has continued to grow. This mini review opens with a brief introduction to the criteria for radioisotope selection for PET imaging. Subsequently, positron emitting radioisotopes are categorized as: established, emerging and futuristic, based on the stages of their advancement. The production methodologies and the radiochemical separation procedures for obtaining the important radioisotopes in a form suitable for preparation of radiopharmaceuticals for PET imaging are briefly discussed.
Collapse
|
12
|
Sharma R, Yadav MR. Recent developments in decarboxylative C(aryl)-X bond formation from (hetero)aryl carboxylic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5476-5500. [PMID: 34076025 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00675d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Decarboxylative coupling reactions using readily available (hetero)aryl carboxylic acids are a highly efficient approach for the formation of new C-C and C-X bonds. These decarboxylative coupling reactions eliminate CO2 as a by-product, resulting in a greener and environmentally more benign approach than conventional coupling reactions. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in ipso-decarboxylative C-X (X = O/N/halo/S/Se/P/CN) bond formations using (hetero)aryl carboxylic acids. Furthermore, we highlight the current limitations and future research opportunities of aryl-decarboxylative coupling reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - M Ramu Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
D'Alonzo RA, Gill S, Rowshanfarzad P, Keam S, MacKinnon KM, Cook AM, Ebert MA. In vivo noninvasive preclinical tumor hypoxia imaging methods: a review. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:593-631. [PMID: 33703994 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1900943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumors exhibit areas of decreased oxygenation due to malformed blood vessels. This low oxygen concentration decreases the effectiveness of radiation therapy, and the resulting poor perfusion can prevent drugs from reaching areas of the tumor. Tumor hypoxia is associated with poorer prognosis and disease progression, and is therefore of interest to preclinical researchers. Although there are multiple different ways to measure tumor hypoxia and related factors, there is no standard for quantifying spatial and temporal tumor hypoxia distributions in preclinical research or in the clinic. This review compares imaging methods utilized for the purpose of assessing spatio-temporal patterns of hypoxia in the preclinical setting. Imaging methods provide varying levels of spatial and temporal resolution regarding different aspects of hypoxia, and with varying advantages and disadvantages. The choice of modality requires consideration of the specific experimental model, the nature of the required characterization and the availability of complementary modalities as well as immunohistochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A D'Alonzo
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Suki Gill
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Pejman Rowshanfarzad
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Synat Keam
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Kelly M MacKinnon
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Alistair M Cook
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Martin A Ebert
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
- 5D Clinics, Claremont, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kumar K, Ghosh A. Radiochemistry, Production Processes, Labeling Methods, and ImmunoPET Imaging Pharmaceuticals of Iodine-124. Molecules 2021; 26:E414. [PMID: 33466827 PMCID: PMC7830191 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Target-specific biomolecules, monoclonal antibodies (mAb), proteins, and protein fragments are known to have high specificity and affinity for receptors associated with tumors and other pathological conditions. However, the large biomolecules have relatively intermediate to long circulation half-lives (>day) and tumor localization times. Combining superior target specificity of mAbs and high sensitivity and resolution of the PET (Positron Emission Tomography) imaging technique has created a paradigm-shifting imaging modality, ImmunoPET. In addition to metallic PET radionuclides, 124I is an attractive radionuclide for radiolabeling of mAbs as potential immunoPET imaging pharmaceuticals due to its physical properties (decay characteristics and half-life), easy and routine production by cyclotrons, and well-established methodologies for radioiodination. The objective of this report is to provide a comprehensive review of the physical properties of iodine and iodine radionuclides, production processes of 124I, various 124I-labeling methodologies for large biomolecules, mAbs, and the development of 124I-labeled immunoPET imaging pharmaceuticals for various cancer targets in preclinical and clinical environments. A summary of several production processes, including 123Te(d,n)124I, 124Te(d,2n)124I, 121Sb(α,n)124I, 123Sb(α,3n)124I, 123Sb(3He,2n)124I, natSb(α, xn)124I, natSb(3He,n)124I reactions, a detailed overview of the 124Te(p,n)124I reaction (including target selection, preparation, processing, and recovery of 124I), and a fully automated process that can be scaled up for GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) production of large quantities of 124I is provided. Direct, using inorganic and organic oxidizing agents and enzyme catalysis, and indirect, using prosthetic groups, 124I-labeling techniques have been discussed. Significant research has been conducted, in more than the last two decades, in the development of 124I-labeled immunoPET imaging pharmaceuticals for target-specific cancer detection. Details of preclinical and clinical evaluations of the potential 124I-labeled immunoPET imaging pharmaceuticals are described here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA;
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Coenen HH, Ermert J. Expanding PET-applications in life sciences with positron-emitters beyond fluorine-18. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 92:241-269. [PMID: 32900582 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Positron-emission-tomography (PET) has become an indispensable diagnostic tool in modern nuclear medicine. Its outstanding molecular imaging features allow repetitive studies on one individual and with high sensitivity, though no interference. Rather few positron-emitters with near favourable physical properties, i.e. carbon-11 and fluorine-18, furnished most studies in the beginning, preferably if covalently bound as isotopic label of small molecules. With the advancement of PET-devices the scope of in vivo research in life sciences and especially that of medical applications expanded, and other than "standard" PET-nuclides received increasing significance, like the radiometals copper-64 and gallium-68. Especially during the last decades, positron-emitters of other chemical elements have gotten into the focus of interest, concomitant with the technical advancements in imaging and radionuclide production. With known nuclear imaging properties and main production methods of emerging positron-emitters their usefulness for medical application is promising and even proven for several ones already. Unfortunate decay properties could be corrected for, and β+-emitters, especially with a longer half-life, provided new possibilities for application where slower processes are of importance. Further on, (bio)chemical features of positron-emitters of other elements, among there many metals, not only expanded the field of classical clinical investigations, but also opened up new fields of application. Appropriately labelled peptides, proteins and nanoparticles lend itself as newer probes for PET-imaging, e.g. in theragnostic or PET/MR hybrid imaging. Furthermore, the potential of non-destructive in-vivo imaging with positron-emission-tomography directs the view on further areas of life sciences. Thus, exploiting the excellent methodology for basic research on molecular biochemical functions and processes is increasingly encouraged as well in areas outside of health, such as plant and environmental sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heinz H Coenen
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5, Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Johannes Ermert
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5, Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
PET Radiochemistry. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
17
|
Silva F, Cabral Campello MP, Paulo A. Radiolabeled Gold Nanoparticles for Imaging and Therapy of Cancer. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 14:E4. [PMID: 33375074 PMCID: PMC7792784 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the Last decades, nanotechnology has provided novel and alternative methodologies and tools in the field of medical oncology, in order to tackle the issues regarding the control and treatment of cancer in modern society. In particular, the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in radiopharmaceutical development has provided various nanometric platforms for the delivery of medically relevant radioisotopes for SPECT/PET diagnosis and/or radionuclide therapy. In this review, we intend to provide insight on the methodologies used to obtain and characterize radiolabeled AuNPs while reporting relevant examples of AuNPs developed during the last decade for applications in nuclear imaging and/or radionuclide therapy, and highlighting the most significant preclinical studies and results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Silva
- CTN—Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (F.S.); (M.P.C.C.)
| | - Maria Paula Cabral Campello
- CTN—Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (F.S.); (M.P.C.C.)
- DECN—Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal
| | - António Paulo
- CTN—Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (F.S.); (M.P.C.C.)
- DECN—Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ballon DJ, Rosenberg JB, Fung EK, Nikolopoulou A, Kothari P, De BP, He B, Chen A, Heier LA, Sondhi D, Kaminsky SM, Mozley PD, Babich JW, Crystal RG. Quantitative Whole-Body Imaging of I-124-Labeled Adeno-Associated Viral Vector Biodistribution in Nonhuman Primates. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:1237-1259. [PMID: 33233962 PMCID: PMC7769048 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A method is presented for quantitative analysis of the biodistribution of adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene transfer vectors following in vivo administration. We used iodine-124 (I-124) radiolabeling of the AAV capsid and positron emission tomography combined with compartmental modeling to quantify whole-body and organ-specific biodistribution of AAV capsids from 1 to 72 h following administration. Using intravenous (IV) and intracisternal (IC) routes of administration of AAVrh.10 and AAV9 vectors to nonhuman primates in the absence or presence of anticapsid immunity, we have identified novel insights into initial capsid biodistribution and organ-specific capsid half-life. Neither I-124-labeled AAVrh.10 nor AAV9 administered intravenously was detected at significant levels in the brain relative to the administered vector dose. Approximately 50% of the intravenously administered labeled capsids were dispersed throughout the body, independent of the liver, heart, and spleen. When administered by the IC route, the labeled capsid had a half-life of ∼10 h in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), suggesting that by this route, the CSF serves as a source with slow diffusion into the brain. For both IV and IC administration, there was significant influence of pre-existing anticapsid immunity on I-124-capsid biodistribution. The methodology facilitates quantitative in vivo viral vector dosimetry, which can serve as a technique for evaluation of both on- and off-target organ biodistribution, and potentially accelerate gene therapy development through rapid prototyping of novel vector designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J. Ballon
- Department of Radiology, Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center
- Department of Genetic Medicine
| | | | - Edward K. Fung
- Department of Radiology, Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center
| | | | - Paresh Kothari
- Department of Radiology, Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center
| | | | - Bin He
- Department of Radiology, Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center
| | | | - Linda A. Heier
- Department of Radiology; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - John W. Babich
- Department of Radiology, Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kondo N, Wakamori K, Hirata M, Temma T. Radioiodinated bicyclic RGD peptide for imaging integrin α vβ 3 in cancers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:168-173. [PMID: 32451087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Integrin αvβ3 is an effective marker of angiogenesis in cancer, and αvβ3-specific imaging can yield important details about this complex physiological process. We utilized the recently reported and highly αvβ3-specific peptide, bicyclic RGD (bcRGD), as the basic structure of an in vivo αvβ3 imaging probe, and synthesized a radioiodinated form of bcRGD, namely [125I]bcRGD, with high radiochemical purity (>99%) and high molar activity (81 GBq/μmol). As expected, [125I]bcRGD exhibited high selectivity for αvβ3 compared with αvβ5 and α5β1in vitro. [125I]bcRGD showed significantly higher accumulation in U-87MG cells (1.6% dose/mg) with high expression of αvβ3 compared to A549 cells (0.3% dose/mg) with only moderate expression. Furthermore, 30 min after administration to tumor-bearing mice, [125I]bcRGD showed significantly higher accumulation in U-87MG tumors (3.8% ID/g) than in A549 tumors (2.1% ID/g), and the radioactivity accumulation ratios of U-87MG tumor/blood and U-87MG tumor/muscle were 4.0 and 6.0, respectively. These results highlight the promising properties of [123/125I]bcRGD for use as an in vivo αvβ3 imaging probe, as well as the utility of bcRGD as a basic structure of molecular probes for both imaging and therapeutic applications. bcRGD may exhibit broad use in future theranostics applications targeting integrin αvβ3-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kondo
- Department of Biofunctional Analysis, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences; 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Keita Wakamori
- Department of Biofunctional Analysis, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences; 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hirata
- Department of Biofunctional Analysis, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences; 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Takashi Temma
- Department of Biofunctional Analysis, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences; 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ermert J, Benešová M, Hugenberg V, Gupta V, Spahn I, Pietzsch HJ, Liolios C, Kopka K. Radiopharmaceutical Sciences. Clin Nucl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
21
|
Abstract
Abstract
The halogens bromine and iodine have similar chemical properties and undergo similar reactions due to their closeness in Group 17 of the periodic chart. There are a number of bromine and iodine radionuclides that have properties useful for diagnosis and therapy of human diseases. The emission properties of radiobromine and radioiodine nuclides with half-lives longer than 1 h are summarized along with properties that make radionuclides useful in PET/SPECT imaging and β/Auger therapy, such that the reader can assess which of the radionuclides might be useful for medical applications. An overview of chemical approaches that have been used to radiolabel molecules with radiobromine and radioiodine nuclides is provided with examples. Further, references to a large variety of different organ/cancer-targeting agents utilizing the radiolabeling approaches described are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Scott Wilbur
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Box 355016 , University of Washington , 616 N.E. Northlake Place , Seattle, WA 98105 , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rosecker V, Denk C, Maurer M, Wilkovitsch M, Mairinger S, Wanek T, Mikula H. Cross-Isotopic Bioorthogonal Tools as Molecular Twins for Radiotheranostic Applications. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1530-1535. [PMID: 30742739 PMCID: PMC6617999 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Radiotheranostics are designed by labeling targeting (bio)molecules with radionuclides for diagnostic or therapeutic application. Because the pharmacokinetics of therapeutic compounds play a pivotal role, chemically closely related imaging agents are used to evaluate the overall feasibility of the therapeutic approach. "Theranostic relatives" that utilize different elements are frequently used in clinical practice. However, variations in pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and target affinity due to different chemical properties of the radioisotopes remain as hurdles to the design of optimized clinical tools. Herein, the design and synthesis of structurally identical compounds, either for diagnostic (18 F and a stable metal isotope) or therapeutic application (radiometal and stable 19 F), are reported. Such "molecular twins" have been prepared by applying a modular strategy based on click chemistry that enables efficient radiolabeling of compounds containing a metal complex and a tetrazine moiety. This additional bioorthogonal functionality can be used for subsequent radiolabeling of (bio)molecules or pretargeting approaches, which is demonstrated in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Rosecker
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien (Vienna University of Technology)Getreidemarkt 91060ViennaAustria
| | - Christoph Denk
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien (Vienna University of Technology)Getreidemarkt 91060ViennaAustria
| | - Melanie Maurer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien (Vienna University of Technology)Getreidemarkt 91060ViennaAustria
| | - Martin Wilkovitsch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien (Vienna University of Technology)Getreidemarkt 91060ViennaAustria
| | - Severin Mairinger
- Preclinical Molecular ImagingAIT Austrian Institute of Technology2444SeibersdorfAustria
| | - Thomas Wanek
- Preclinical Molecular ImagingAIT Austrian Institute of Technology2444SeibersdorfAustria
| | - Hannes Mikula
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien (Vienna University of Technology)Getreidemarkt 91060ViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Oliveira MC, Correia JDG. Biomedical applications of radioiodinated peptides. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:56-77. [PMID: 31238251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression of peptide receptors in certain tumors as compared to endogeneous expression levels represents the molecular basis for the design of peptide-based tools for targeted nuclear imaging and therapy. Receptor targeting with radiolabelled peptides became a very important imaging and/or therapeutic approach in nuclear medicine and oncology. A great variety of peptides has been radiolabelled with clinical relevant radionuclides, such as radiometals and radiohalogens. However, to the best of our knowledge concise and updated reviews providing information about the biomedical application of radioiodinated peptides are still missing. This review outlines the synthetic efforts in the preparation of radioiodinated peptides highlighting the importance of radioiodine in nuclear medicine, giving an overview of the most relevant radioiodination strategies that have been employed and describes relevant examples of their use in the biomedical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
| | - João D G Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Abstract
Halogen radioisotopes have a variety of physical half-lives which are suitable for probing a wide variety of pharmacokinetic processes. Compared with other radiohalogens, relatively little work has been done with radiochlorine. However, high specific activity radioisotopes of chlorine are available from low energy cyclotron production in quantities suitable for positron emission tomography (PET) and fundamental research. In particular, the sole radioisotope of chlorine which may be used for PET imaging, 34mCl, has achieved a state of development that permits imaging in clinical settings though sparse research effort has been focused on this isotope over the last 40 years. Additionally, the other longer-lived radioisotopes of chlorine will likely continue to show utility for more traditional radiotracer studies and chemistry development.
Collapse
|
25
|
Fu R, Carroll L, Yahioglu G, Aboagye EO, Miller PW. Antibody Fragment and Affibody ImmunoPET Imaging Agents: Radiolabelling Strategies and Applications. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2466-2478. [PMID: 30246488 PMCID: PMC6587488 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies have long been recognised as potent vectors for carrying diagnostic medical radionuclides, contrast agents and optical probes to diseased tissue for imaging. The area of ImmunoPET combines the use of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with antibodies to improve the diagnosis, staging and monitoring of diseases. Recent developments in antibody engineering and PET radiochemistry have led to a new wave of experimental ImmunoPET imaging agents that are based on a range of antibody fragments and affibodies. In contrast to full antibodies, engineered affibody proteins and antibody fragments such as minibodies, diabodies, single-chain variable region fragments (scFvs), and nanobodies are much smaller but retain the essential specificities and affinities of full antibodies in addition to more desirable pharmacokinetics for imaging. Herein, recent key developments in the PET radiolabelling strategies of antibody fragments and related affibody molecules are highlighted, along with the main PET imaging applications of overexpressed antigen-associated tumours and immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruisi Fu
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonExhibition RoadSouth Kensington, LondonSW7 2AZUK
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College London, Hammersmith CampusDu Cane RoadLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Laurence Carroll
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College London, Hammersmith CampusDu Cane RoadLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Gokhan Yahioglu
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonExhibition RoadSouth Kensington, LondonSW7 2AZUK
- Antikor Biopharma Ltd.StevenageSG1 2FXUK
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College London, Hammersmith CampusDu Cane RoadLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Philip W. Miller
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonExhibition RoadSouth Kensington, LondonSW7 2AZUK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Engudar G, Schaarup-Jensen H, Fliedner FP, Hansen AE, Kempen P, Jølck RI, Kjæer A, Andresen TL, Clausen MH, Jensen AI, Henriksen JR. Remote loading of liposomes with a 124I-radioiodinated compound and their in vivo evaluation by PET/CT in a murine tumor model. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:5828-5841. [PMID: 30613265 PMCID: PMC6299439 DOI: 10.7150/thno.26706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Long circulating liposomes entrapping iodinated and radioiodinated compounds offer a highly versatile theranostic platform. Here we report a new methodology for efficient and high-yield loading of such compounds into liposomes, enabling CT/SPECT/PET imaging and 131I-radiotherapy. Methods: The CT contrast agent diatrizoate was synthetically functionalized with a primary amine, which enabled its remote loading into PEGylated liposomes by either an ammonium sulfate- or a citrate-based pH transmembrane gradient. Further, the amino-diatrizoate was radiolabeled with either 124I (t1/2 = 4.18 days) for PET or 125I (t1/2 = 59.5 days) for SPECT, through an aromatic Finkelstein reaction. Results: Quantitative loading efficiencies (>99%) were achieved at optimized conditions. The 124I-labeled compound was remote-loaded into liposomes, with an overall radiolabeling efficiency of 77 ± 1%, and imaged in vivo in a CT26 murine colon cancer tumor model by PET/CT. A prolonged blood circulation half-life of 19.5 h was observed for the radiolabeled liposomes, whereas injections of the free compound were rapidly cleared. Lower accumulation was observed in the spleen, liver, kidney and tumor than what is usually seen for long-circulating liposomes. Conclusion: The lower accumulation was interpreted as release of the tracer from the liposomes within these organs after accumulation. These results may guide the design of systems for controlled release of remote loadable drugs from liposomes.
Collapse
|
27
|
Production, quality control of next-generation PET radioisotope iodine-124 and its thyroid imaging. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
28
|
Decay data for the positron emission tomography imaging radionuclide 124 I: A DDEP evaluation. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 134:433-438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
29
|
Synowiecki MA, Perk LR, Nijsen JFW. Production of novel diagnostic radionuclides in small medical cyclotrons. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2018; 3:3. [PMID: 29503860 PMCID: PMC5824710 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-018-0038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global network of cyclotrons has expanded rapidly over the last decade. The bulk of its industrial potential is composed of small medical cyclotrons with a proton energy below 20 MeV for radionuclides production. This review focuses on the recent developments of novel medical radionuclides produced by cyclotrons in the energy range of 3 MeV to 20 MeV. The production of the following medical radionuclides will be described based on available literature sources: Tc-99 m, I-123, I-124, Zr-89, Cu-64, Ga-67, Ga-68, In-111, Y-86 and Sc-44. Remarkable developments in the production process have been observed in only some cases. More research is needed to make novel radionuclide cyclotron production available for the medical industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Adam Synowiecki
- Radboudumc, Radboud Translational Medicine B.V, Geert Grooteplein 21 (route 142), 6525EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Rutger Perk
- Radboudumc, Radboud Translational Medicine B.V, Geert Grooteplein 21 (route 142), 6525EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Frank W. Nijsen
- Radboudumc, Dept. of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Inubushi M, Kaneta T, Ishimori T, Imabayashi E, Okizaki A, Oku N. Topics of nuclear medicine research in Europe. Ann Nucl Med 2017; 31:571-574. [PMID: 28744708 PMCID: PMC5622907 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-017-1198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Last year in the European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, we introduced some recent nuclear medicine research conducted in Japan. This was favorably received by European readers in the main. This year we wish to focus on the Annals of Nuclear Medicine on some of the fine nuclear medicine research work executed in Europe recently. In the current review article, we take up five topics: prostate-specific membrane antigen imaging, recent advances in radionuclide therapy, [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (PET) for dementia, quantitative PET assessment of myocardial perfusion, and iodine-124 (124I). Just at the most recent annual meeting of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine 2016, Kyoto was selected as the host city for the 2022 Congress of the World Federation of Nuclear Medicine and Biology. We hope that our continuous efforts to strengthen scientific cooperation between Europe and Japan will bring many European friends and a great success to the Kyoto meeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Inubushi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Kaneta
- Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ishimori
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Etsuko Imabayashi
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Atsutaka Okizaki
- Department of Radiology, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Naohiko Oku
- HIMEDIC Clinic WEST, 3-3-17 Minami Senba, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 542-0081, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kim TS, Kim BR, Choi P, Kim GG, Vyas CK, Yang SD, Hur MG, Chang DJ, Park JH. Regioselective Iodination of Electron-Rich Coumarin Derivatives using Benzyltrimethylammonium Dichloroiodate with Zinc Chloride. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taek-Soo Kim
- Radiation Instrumentation Research Division; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Jeongeup 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Kim
- Radiation Instrumentation Research Division; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Jeongeup 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Pyeongseok Choi
- Radiation Instrumentation Research Division; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Jeongeup 56212 Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, College of Science and Technology; Dongguk University; Gyeongju 38066 Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Gyun Kim
- Radiation Instrumentation Research Division; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Jeongeup 56212 Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, College of Science and Technology; Dongguk University; Gyeongju 38066 Republic of Korea
| | - Chirag K. Vyas
- Radiation Instrumentation Research Division; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Jeongeup 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Dae Yang
- Radiation Instrumentation Research Division; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Jeongeup 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Goo Hur
- Radiation Instrumentation Research Division; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Jeongeup 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jo Chang
- College of Pharmacy; Sunchon National University; Sunchoen 57922 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Park
- Radiation Instrumentation Research Division; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Jeongeup 56212 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Simple, Efficient and Controllable Synthesis of Iodo/Di-iodoarenes via Ipsoiododecarboxylation/Consecutive Iodination Strategy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40430. [PMID: 28091536 PMCID: PMC5238447 DOI: 10.1038/srep40430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A practical, efficient, and operationally simple strategy for the ipsoiododecarboxylation and di-iodination of aromatic carboxylic acids using the low-cost commercial reagent succinimide (NIS) as iodine source is reported. This iodination or di-iodination process can be easily controlled through reaction conditions, thereby providing corresponding iodination or di-iodination products with high yields. Furthermore, these two reactions can be easily scaled up to gram-scale by using palladium catalyst (0.66 mol%), which provides high isolated yield.
Collapse
|
33
|
Kothari P, De BP, He B, Chen A, Chiuchiolo MJ, Kim D, Nikolopoulou A, Amor-Coarasa A, Dyke JP, Voss HU, Kaminsky SM, Foley CP, Vallabhajosula S, Hu B, DiMagno SG, Sondhi D, Crystal RG, Babich JW, Ballon D. Radioiodinated Capsids Facilitate In Vivo Non-Invasive Tracking of Adeno-Associated Gene Transfer Vectors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39594. [PMID: 28059103 PMCID: PMC5216390 DOI: 10.1038/srep39594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral vector mediated gene therapy has become commonplace in clinical trials for a wide range of inherited disorders. Successful gene transfer depends on a number of factors, of which tissue tropism is among the most important. To date, definitive mapping of the spatial and temporal distribution of viral vectors in vivo has generally required postmortem examination of tissue. Here we present two methods for radiolabeling adeno-associated virus (AAV), one of the most commonly used viral vectors for gene therapy trials, and demonstrate their potential usefulness in the development of surrogate markers for vector delivery during the first week after administration. Specifically, we labeled adeno-associated virus serotype 10 expressing the coding sequences for the CLN2 gene implicated in late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis with iodine-124. Using direct (Iodogen) and indirect (modified Bolton-Hunter) methods, we observed the vector in the murine brain for up to one week using positron emission tomography. Capsid radioiodination of viral vectors enables non-invasive, whole body, in vivo evaluation of spatial and temporal vector distribution that should inform methods for efficacious gene therapy over a broad range of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. Kothari
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - B. P. De
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - B. He
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - A. Chen
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - M. J. Chiuchiolo
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - D. Kim
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - A. Nikolopoulou
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - A. Amor-Coarasa
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - J. P. Dyke
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - H. U. Voss
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - S. M. Kaminsky
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - C. P. Foley
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - S. Vallabhajosula
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - B. Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - S. G. DiMagno
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - D. Sondhi
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - R. G. Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - J. W. Babich
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - D. Ballon
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Direct flow separation strategy, to isolate no-carrier-added 90Nb from irradiated Mo or Zr targets. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2015-2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
90Nb has an intermediate half-life of 14.6 h, a high positron branching of 53% and optimal β
+ emission energy of only E
mean 0.35 MeV per decay. These favorable characteristics suggest it may be a potential candidate for application in immuno-PET. Our recent aim was to conduct studies on distribution coefficients for ZrIV and NbV in mixtures of HCl/H2O2 and HCl/oxalic acid for anion exchange resin (AG 1 × 8) and UTEVA resin to develop a “direct flow” separation strategy for 90Nb. The direct flow concept refers to a separation accomplished using a single eluent on multiple columns, effectively streamlining the separation process and increasing the time efficiency. Finally, we also demonstrated that this separation strategy is applicable to the production of the positron emitter 90Nb via the irradiation of molybdenum targets and isolation of 90Nb from the irradiated molybdenum target.
Collapse
|
35
|
Mahajan S, Divgi CR. The role of iodine-124 positron emission tomography in molecular imaging. Clin Transl Imaging 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-016-0186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
36
|
Tang C, Edelstein J, Mikitsh JL, Xiao E, Hemphill AH, Pagels R, Chacko AM, Prud'homme R. Biodistribution and fate of core-labeled 125I polymeric nanocarriers prepared by Flash NanoPrecipitation (FNP). J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:2428-2434. [PMID: 27073688 PMCID: PMC4826598 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02172c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive medical imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) imaging are powerful platforms to track the fate of radiolabeled materials for diagnostic or drug delivery applications. Polymer-based nanocarriers tagged with non-standard PET radionuclides with relatively long half-lives (e.g. 64Cu: t1/2 = 12.7 h, 76Br: t1/2 = 16.2h, 89Zr: t1/2 = 3.3 d, 124I: t1/2 = 4.2 d) may greatly expand applications of nanomedicines in molecular imaging and therapy. However, radiolabeling strategies that ensure stable in vivo association of the radiolabel with the nanocarrier remain a significant challenge. In this study, we covalently attach radioiodine to the core of pre-fabricated nanocarriers. First, we encapsulated polyvinyl phenol within a poly(ethylene glycol) coating using Flash NanoPrecipitation (FNP) to produce stable 75 nm and 120 nm nanocarriers. Following FNP, we radiolabeled the encapsulated polyvinyl phenol with 125I via electrophilic aromatic substitution in high radiochemical yields (> 90%). Biodistribution studies reveal low radioactivity in the thyroid, indicating minimal leaching of the radiolabel in vivo. Further, PEGylated [125I]PVPh nanocarriers exhibited relatively long circulation half-lives (t1/2 α = 2.9 h, t1/2 β = 34.9 h) and gradual reticuloendothelial clearance, with 31% of injected dose in blood retained at 24 h post-injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ United States; Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Jasmine Edelstein
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ United States; Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - John L Mikitsh
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging
| | - Edward Xiao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ United States; Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging
| | | | - Robert Pagels
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ United States
| | - Ann-Marie Chacko
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging; Department of Radiation Oncology
| | - Robert Prud'homme
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tietz O, Dzandzi J, Bhardwaj A, Valliant JF, Wuest F. Design and synthesis of [ 125 I]Pyricoxib: A novel 125 I-labeled cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1516-1520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
38
|
Vaidyanathan G, McDougald D, Koumarianou E, Choi J, Hens M, Zalutsky MR. Synthesis and evaluation of 4-[18F]fluoropropoxy-3-iodobenzylguanidine ([18F]FPOIBG): A novel 18F-labeled analogue of MIBG. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 42:673-84. [PMID: 25956997 PMCID: PMC4481138 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radioiodinated meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), a norepinephrine transporter (NET) substrate, has been extensively used as an imaging agent to study the pathophysiology of the heart and for the diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. The goal of this study was to develop an (18)F-labeled analogue of MIBG that like MIBG itself could be synthesized in a single radiochemical step. Towards this end, we designed 4-fluoropropoxy-3-iodobenzylguanidine (FPOIBG). METHODS Standards of FPOIBG and 4-fluoropropoxy-3-bromobenzylguanidine (FPOBBG) as well as their tosylate precursors for labeling with (18)F, and a tin precursor for the preparation of radioiodinated FPOIBG were synthesized. Radiolabeled derivatives were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution and electrophilic iododestannylation from the corresponding precursors. Labeled compounds were evaluated for NET transporter recognition in in vitro assays using three NET-expressing cell lines and in biodistribution experiments in normal mice, with all studies performed in a paired-label format. Competitive inhibition of [(125)I]MIBG uptake by unlabeled benzylguanidine compounds was performed in UVW-NAT cell line to determine IC50 values. RESULTS [(18)F]FPOIBG was synthesized from the corresponding tosylate precursor in 5.2 ± 0.5% (n = 6) overall radiochemical yields starting with aqueous fluoride in about 105 min. In a paired-label in vitro assay, the uptake of [(18)F]FPOIBG at 2h was 10.2 ± 1.5%, 39.6 ± 13.4%, and 13.3 ± 2.5%, in NET-expressing SK-N-SH, UVW-NAT, and SK-N-BE(2c) cells, respectively, while these values for [(125)I]MIBG were 57.3 ± 8.1%, 82.7 ± 8.9%, and 66.3 ± 3.6%. The specificity of uptake of both tracers was demonstrated by blocking with desipramine. The (125)I-labeled congener of FPOIBG gave similar results. On the other hand, [(18)F]FPOBBG, a compound recently reported in the literature, demonstrated much higher uptake, albeit less than that of co-incubated [(125)I]MIBG. IC50 values for FPOIBG were higher than those obtained for MIBG and FPOBBG. Unlike the case with [(18)F]FPOBBG, the heart uptake [(18)F]FPOIBG in normal mice was significantly lower than that of MIBG. CONCLUSION Although [(18)F]FPOIBG does not appear to warrant further consideration as an (18)F-labeled MIBG analogue, analogues wherein the iodine in it is replaced with a chlorine, fluorine or hydrogen might be worth pursuing. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE An (18)F-labeled analogue of the well-known radiopharmaceutical MIBG could have significant impact, potentially improving imaging of NET related disease in cardiology and in the imaging of neuroendocrine tumors. Although (18)F-labeled analogues of MIBG have been reported including LMI1195, we undertook this work hypothesizing that based on its greater structural similarity to MIBG, FPOIBG might be a better analogue than LMI1195.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Vaidyanathan
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
| | - Darryl McDougald
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Eftychia Koumarianou
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Jaeyeon Choi
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Marc Hens
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Deb P, Jamison R, Mong L, U P. An evaluation of the shielding effectiveness of lead aprons used in clinics for protection against ionising radiation from novel radioisotopes. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2015; 165:443-447. [PMID: 25848112 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of personal radiation shields currently worn in hospital and other diagnostic environments. This study was performed with four different radioisotopes; (18)F, (99m)Tc, (124)I and (131)I. (18)F results showed a decrease in dose with 0.5-mm Pb shielding but the reduction provided does not warrant its use clinically. (124)I testing demonstrated that dose enhancement can occur in greater shield thicknesses. PET isotope (124)I can be adequately shielded using 0.25-mm Pb equivalent aprons but any higher thickness increase the wearer's dose. As a result more shielding does not always equal more protection. The (131)I test showed that no dose reduction occurred, even when tested with up to 1.25-mm Pb equivalent shielding. Novel radioisotopes being used in the laboratory and clinic should be individually tested as each requires specific shielding testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Deb
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Robert Jamison
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 8006, Australia
| | - Lisa Mong
- Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Paul U
- Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dzandzi JPK, Beckford Vera DR, Genady AR, Albu SA, Eltringham-Smith LJ, Capretta A, Sheffield WP, Valliant JF. Fluorous Analogue of Chloramine-T: Preparation, X-ray Structure Determination, and Use as an Oxidant for Radioiodination and s-Tetrazine Synthesis. J Org Chem 2015; 80:7117-25. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Afaf R. Genady
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Al-Zoubi RM, Al-Mughaid H, McDonald R. A Simple and Efficient Two-Step Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triiodoarenes via Consecutive C–H Iodination/ipso-Iododecarboxylation Strategy: A Potential Application towards ortho-Diiodoarenes by Regioselective Metal–Iodine Exchange Reaction. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A general, robust, and efficient method for the conversion of benzoic acids to 1,2,3-triiodoarenes and 1,2,3-trihaloarenes via a two-step synthesis is reported. Commercially available benzoic acids were used that can allow the reactions to be performed on multi-gram scales with good-to-excellent yields. This report discloses a practical method for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triiodoarenes and 1,2,3-trihaloarenes that is general in scope, scalable, and easy to workup and purify. A potential application of the target compounds as precursors for novel regioselective metal–iodine exchange reaction of 1,2,3-triiodoarenes was also demonstrated. It provided ortho-diiodoaryl derivatives in a high regioselective fashion that are useful intermediates in synthesis and indeed are hard to synthesize by any other means.
Collapse
|
42
|
Azhdarinia A, Ghosh S. Nuclear Imaging with Nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014. [DOI: 10.1201/b17246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
43
|
Sadeghzadeh M, Johari Daha F, Sheibani S, Erfani M. Radioiodination of 4-benzyl-1-(3-iodobenzylsulfonyl)piperidine, 4-(3-iodobenzyl)-1-(benzylsulfonyl)piperazine and their derivatives via isotopic and non-isotopic exchange reactions. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3347-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
44
|
Radchenko V, Busse S, Roesch F. Desferrioxamine as an appropriate chelator for 90Nb: comparison of its complexation properties for M-Df-Octreotide (M = Nb, Fe, Ga, Zr). Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:721-7. [PMID: 25087170 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The niobium-90 radioisotope ((90)Nb) holds considerable promise for use in immuno-PET, due to its decay parameters (t½ = 14.6h, positron yield=53%, Eß(+)(mean) = 0.35 MeV and Eß(+)(max) = 1.5 MeV). In particular, (90)Nb appears well suited to detect in vivo the pharmacokinetics of large targeting vectors (50-150 kDa). In order to be useful for immuno-PET chelators are required to both stabilize the radionuclide in terms of coordination chemistry and to facilitate the covalent attachment to the targeting vector. Different chelators were evaluated for this purpose in terms of radiolabelling efficiency and stability of the radiolabelled Nb(V) complex and in order to determine the most suitable candidate for conjugation to a biologically relevant targeting vector. For the purpose of studying the complexation properties the niobium radioisotope (95)Nb was used as an analogue of (90)Nb, by virtue of its longer half-life (35 days) and lower cost (reactor-based production). Acyclic and cyclic chelators were investigated, with desferroxamine [Df: (N'-{5-[acetyl(hydroxy)amino]pentyl}-N-[5-({4-[(5-aminopentyl) (hydroxy)amino]-4-oxobutanoyl} amino)pentyl]-N-hydroxysuccinamide)] emerging as the best candidate. Greater than 99% radiolabelling was achieved at room temperature over a wide pH range. The (95)Nb-Df complex is sufficiently stable for immuno-PET (<7% degradation over 7 days in vitro). As a proof-of-principle, a Df conjugate featuring a well-established targeting vector, (D)-Phe(1)-octreotide, was evaluated. The fast labelling kinetics of the unconjugated chelator (Df) were retained for Df-succinyl-(D)Phe(1)-octreotide (Df-OC), with>90% labelling after 1h at room temperature over the pH range 5-7. Stability studies, performed in vitro in serum at physiological temperature (37 °C), revealed that 87 ± 2% of the radiolabelled molecule remained intact after 7 days. Competition studies with relevant metal ions (zirconium((IV)), gallium((III)) and iron((III))) have been performed with Df-OC to gain insight to the relative stability [Nb-Df]-OC complex to transmetallation. At equimolar metal ion concentrations the [Nb-Df]-OC complex showed the greatest overall stability. The favourable radiolabelling characteristics of Df-OC and its stability indicate that Df is a potentially very useful chelator for the development of radiopharmaceuticals for (90)Nb-PET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valery Radchenko
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Stefan Busse
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Roesch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wycoff DE, Gott MD, DeGraffenreid AJ, Morrow RP, Sisay N, Embree MF, Ballard B, Fassbender ME, Cutler CS, Ketring AR, Jurisson SS. Chromatographic separation of selenium and arsenic: A potential (72)Se/(72)As generator. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1340:109-14. [PMID: 24679827 PMCID: PMC4030290 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An anion exchange method was developed to separate selenium and arsenic for potential utility in a (72)Se/(72)As generator. The separation of the daughter (72)As from the (72)Se parent is based on the relative acid-base behavior of the two oxo-anions in their highest oxidation states. At pH 1.5, selenate is retained on strongly basic anion exchange resin as HSeO4(-) and SeO4(2-), while neutral arsenic acid, H3AsO4, is eluted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald E Wycoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Matthew D Gott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | | | - Ryan P Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Nebiat Sisay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Mary F Embree
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Beau Ballard
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States
| | - Michael E Fassbender
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States
| | - Cathy S Cutler
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Alan R Ketring
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Silvia S Jurisson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Braghirolli AMS, Waissmann W, da Silva JB, dos Santos GR. Production of iodine-124 and its applications in nuclear medicine. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 90:138-48. [PMID: 24747530 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, iodine-124 was not considered to be an attractive isotope for medical applications owing to its complex radioactive decay scheme, which includes several high-energy gamma rays. However, its unique chemical properties, and convenient half-life of 4.2 days indicated it would be only a matter of time for its frequent application to become a reality. The development of new medical imaging techniques, especially improvements in the technology of positron emission tomography (PET), such as the development of new detectors and signal processing electronics, has opened up new prospects for its application. With the increasing use of PET in medical oncology, pharmacokinetics, and drug metabolism, (124)I-labeled radiopharmaceuticals are now becoming one of the most useful tools for PET imaging, and owing to the convenient half-life of I-124, they can be used in PET scanners far away from the radionuclide production site. Thus far, the limited availability of this radionuclide has been an impediment to its wider application in clinical use. For example, sodium [(124)I]-iodide is potentially useful for diagnosis and dosimetry in thyroid disease and [(124)I]-M-iodobenzylguanidine ([(124)I]-MIBG) has enormous potential for use in cardiovascular imaging, diagnosis, and dosimetry of malignant diseases such as neuroblastoma, paraganglioma, pheochromocytoma, and carcinoids. However, despite that potential, both are still not widely used. This is a typical scenario of a rising new star among the new PET tracers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria S Braghirolli
- Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, IEN-CNEN, Divisão de Radiofármacos, Rua Hélio de Almeida 75, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-906 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - William Waissmann
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Sáúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Batista da Silva
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, CDTN-CNEN, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Campus UFMG, Pampulha, BH/MG CEP: 30161-970, Brazil.
| | - Gonçalo R dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, IEN-CNEN, Divisão de Radiofármacos, Rua Hélio de Almeida 75, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-906 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Stockhofe K, Postema JM, Schieferstein H, Ross TL. Radiolabeling of Nanoparticles and Polymers for PET Imaging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2014; 7:392-418. [PMID: 24699244 PMCID: PMC4014699 DOI: 10.3390/ph7040392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine has become an emerging field in imaging and therapy of malignancies. Nanodimensional drug delivery systems have already been used in the clinic, as carriers for sensitive chemotherapeutics or highly toxic substances. In addition, those nanodimensional structures are further able to carry and deliver radionuclides. In the development process, non-invasive imaging by means of positron emission tomography (PET) represents an ideal tool for investigations of pharmacological profiles and to find the optimal nanodimensional architecture of the aimed-at drug delivery system. Furthermore, in a personalized therapy approach, molecular imaging modalities are essential for patient screening/selection and monitoring. Hence, labeling methods for potential drug delivery systems are an indispensable need to provide the radiolabeled analog. In this review, we describe and discuss various approaches and methods for the labeling of potential drug delivery systems using positron emitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Stockhofe
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Johannes M Postema
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Hanno Schieferstein
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Tobias L Ross
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Radiometals comprise many useful radioactive isotopes of various metallic elements. When properly harnessed, these have valuable emission properties that can be used for diagnostic imaging techniques, such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT, e.g.(67)Ga, (99m)Tc, (111)In, (177)Lu) and positron emission tomography (PET, e.g.(68)Ga, (64)Cu, (44)Sc, (86)Y, (89)Zr), as well as therapeutic applications (e.g.(47)Sc, (114m)In, (177)Lu, (90)Y, (212/213)Bi, (212)Pb, (225)Ac, (186/188)Re). A fundamental critical component of a radiometal-based radiopharmaceutical is the chelator, the ligand system that binds the radiometal ion in a tight stable coordination complex so that it can be properly directed to a desirable molecular target in vivo. This article is a guide for selecting the optimal match between chelator and radiometal for use in these systems. The article briefly introduces a selection of relevant and high impact radiometals, and their potential utility to the fields of radiochemistry, nuclear medicine, and molecular imaging. A description of radiometal-based radiopharmaceuticals is provided, and several key design considerations are discussed. The experimental methods by which chelators are assessed for their suitability with a variety of radiometal ions is explained, and a large selection of the most common and most promising chelators are evaluated and discussed for their potential use with a variety of radiometals. Comprehensive tables have been assembled to provide a convenient and accessible overview of the field of radiometal chelating agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Price
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaV6T 1Z1.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Radiosynthesis of [124I]Iodometomidate and Biological Evaluation Using Small-Animal PET. Mol Imaging Biol 2013; 16:317-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-013-0696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|