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Li Y, He L, Song H, Bao X, Niu S, Bai J, Ma J, Yuan R, Liu S, Guo J. Cordyceps: Alleviating ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular injury - A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118321. [PMID: 38735418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cordyceps has a long medicinal history as a nourishing herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs), including cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury (CI/RI) and myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury (MI/RI), are major contributors to mortality and disability in humans. Numerous studies have indicated that Cordyceps or its artificial substitutes have significant bioactivity on ischemic CCVDs, however, there is a lack of relevant reviews. AIM OF THE STUDY This review was conducted to investigate the chemical elements, pharmacological effects, clinical application and drug safety of Cordycepson ischemic CCVDs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted on the Web of Science, PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases using the keywords "Cordyceps", "Cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury", and "Myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury" or their synonyms. The retrieved literature was then categorized and summarized. RESULTS The study findings indicated that Cordyceps and its bioactive components, including adenosine, cordycepin, mannitol, polysaccharide, and protein, have the potential to protect against CI/RI and MI/RI by improving blood perfusion, mitigating damage from reactive oxygen species, suppressing inflammation, preventing cellular apoptosis, and promoting tissue regeneration. Individually, Cordyceps could reduce neuronal excitatory toxicity and blood-brain barrier damage caused by cerebral ischemia. It can also significantly improve cardiac energy metabolism disorders and inhibit calcium overload caused by myocardial ischemia. Additionally, Cordyceps exerts a significant preventive or curative influence on the factors responsible for heart/brain ischemia, including hypertension, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, and arrhythmia. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates Cordyceps' prospective efficacy and safety in the prevention or treatment of CI/RI and MI/RI, providing novel insights for managing ischemic CCVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Liying He
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Haoran Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiuwen Bao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shuqi Niu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Junhao Ma
- College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Run Yuan
- College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Sijing Liu
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jinlin Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Sharma H, Sharma N, An SSA. Unique Bioactives from Zombie Fungus ( Cordyceps) as Promising Multitargeted Neuroprotective Agents. Nutrients 2023; 16:102. [PMID: 38201932 PMCID: PMC10780653 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps, also known as "zombie fungus", is a non-poisonous mushroom that parasitizes insects for growth and development by manipulating the host system in a way that makes the victim behave like a "zombie". These species produce promising bioactive metabolites, like adenosine, β-glucans, cordycepin, and ergosterol. Cordyceps has been used in traditional medicine due to its immense health benefits, as it boosts stamina, appetite, immunity, longevity, libido, memory, and sleep. Neuronal loss is the typical feature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) (Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)) and neurotrauma. Both these conditions share common pathophysiological features, like oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and glutamatergic excitotoxicity. Cordyceps bioactives (adenosine, N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine, ergosta-7, 9 (11), 22-trien-3β-ol, active peptides, and polysaccharides) exert potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities and display beneficial effects in the management and/or treatment of neurodegenerative disorders in vitro and in vivo. Although a considerable list of compounds is available from Cordyceps, only a few have been evaluated for their neuroprotective potential and still lack information for clinical trials. In this review, the neuroprotective mechanisms and safety profile of Cordyceps extracts/bioactives have been discussed, which might be helpful in the identification of novel potential therapeutic entities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niti Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
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Wang TL, Li YC, Lin CS, Zou YP. Comprehensive analysis of natural polysaccharides from TCMs: a generic approach based on UPLC-MS/MS. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118877. [PMID: 34893280 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a new application using liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS) using aldononitrile acetate derivatives for simultaneous baseline separation and detection of eight neutral saccharides, two uronic acids, one ketose, and eight alditols within 14 min. The separation was performed on a Cortecs C₁₈ column using acetonitrile (A) and water (B) as the mobile phase with gradient elution. The target components were detected in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode by mass spectrometry with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source operating in positive ionization mode. A comparison with traditional methods was used to determine the validity of the results. The UHPLC-ESI-MS method was used for quantitative analysis of free carbohydrates in water extracts of Crataegus pinnatifida as well as determination of Polygonatum cyrtonema and Glossy ganoderma monosaccharides in polysaccharides. The results demonstrate that this protocol is a comprehensive and effective technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant polysaccharides from TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Long Wang
- Guangdong-Macau Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Industrial Park Development Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519000, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, 201210, China
| | - Yi-Cong Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Active Ingredients of Natural Drugs, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Chun-Sheng Lin
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 150001, China
| | - Yi-Ping Zou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Active Ingredients of Natural Drugs, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China.
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Determination of carbohydrates in the herbal antidiabetic mixtures by GC-MC. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2021; 71:429-443. [PMID: 36654090 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2021-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Due to the wide range of biologically active substances, the herbal mixtures can influence the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Carbohydrates attract particular attention due to their hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anticholesterolemic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory and detoxifying activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the content of carbohydrates through their monomeric composition in the herbal mixture samples: a) Urtica dioica leaf, Cichorium intybus roots, Rosa majalis fruits, Elymys repens rhizome, Taraxacum officinale roots, b) Arctium lappa roots, Elymys repens rhizome, Zea mays columns with stigmas, Helichrysum arenarium flowers, Rosa majalis fruits, c) Inula helenium rhizome with roots, Helichrysi arenarium flowers, Zea mays columns with stigmas, Origanum vulgare herb, Rosa majalis fruits, Taraxacum officinale roots, d) Cichorium intybus roots, Elymys repens rhizome, Helichrysum arenarium flowers, Rosa majalis fruits, Zea mays columns with stigmas and e) Urtica dioica leaf, Taraxacum officinale roots, Vaccinium myrtillus leaf, Rosa majalis fruits, Mentha piperita herb, which were used in Ukrainian folk medicine for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2.The carbohydrates were separated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after conversion into volatile aldononitrile acetate derivatives. The monomeric composition of polysaccharides was studied after their hydrolysis to form monosaccharides and poly-alcohols.Quantitative analyses of free carbohydrates showed that the predominant sugars were fructose, glucose and disaccharide - sucrose, in all samples. Concerning the determination of polysaccharide monomers after hydrolysis, glucose was the most abundant in all samples. The chromatographic study revealed a number of polyalcohols that are important for the treatment and prevention of progression of diabetes mellitus and its complications, namely, mannitol, pinitol and myo-inositol.
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Savych A, Bilyk O, Vaschuk V, Humeniuk I. Analysis of inulin and fructans in Taraxacum officinale L. roots as the main inulin-containing component of antidiabetic herbal mixture. PHARMACIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e66266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbs and their combinations due to the wide range of biologically active substances can influence on various links of the pathogenetic mechanism of development of diabetes mellitus and its complications. One of such combinations is an antidiabetic herbal mixture with established hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, pancreatoprotective activity in previous pharmacological study in vivo that including an inulin-containing component – Taraxacum officinale L. roots. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the quantitative content of inulin and fructans in Taraxacum officinale L. Quantity content of inulin was determined by the difference between fructose as a product of enzymatic hydrolysis and D-fructose, a constituent of sucrose and free D-fructose, taking into account the empirical factor for the conversion of D-fructose from inulin. Carbohydrates used in the calculation of inulin were separated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after conversion into volatile derivatives as aldononitrile acetate. According to the results, Taraxacum officinale L. roots contain 436.29 mg/g of inulin. Total content of fructans was determined by spectrophotometric analysis as a product of acid hydrolysis of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural. The results show that Taraxacum officinale L. roots contain 39.49% of fructans. The obtained results are evidence that this plant component should be included in the herbal antidiabetic mixture, because due to the presence of fructans and inulin causes hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and detoxification activity.
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Li SY, Wang D, Li XR, Qin XM, Du YG, Li K. Identification and activity evaluation of Astragalus Radix from different germplasm resources based on specific oligosaccharide fragments. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 13:33-42. [PMID: 36117754 PMCID: PMC9476770 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-ying Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Di Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xian-rong Li
- Shanxi Jianshuo Food and Drug Research Institute Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030000, China
- Shanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Xue-mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yu-guang Du
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ke Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Corresponding author.
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Luo QY, Cao HF, Liu SK, Wu M, Li SS, Zhang ZQ, Chen AJ, Shen GH, Wu HJ, Li ML, Liu XY, Jiang Y, Bi JF, He ZY. Novel liquid fermentation medium of Cordyceps militaris and optimization of hydrothermal reflux extraction of cordycepin. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2020; 22:167-178. [PMID: 30507305 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1539080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a novel liquid fermentation medium of Cordyceps militaris using pupa powder and wheat bran as nitrogen resources instead of the traditionally used peptone. This process not only reduced the cost by approximately 50%, but increased production by over 30%. Then, we explored a method to extract and purify cordycepin by combining hydrothermal reflux extraction with macroporous resin adsorption, which is inexpensive and suitable for the industrial production. The optimum conditions for hydrothermal reflux were extracting three times at 95 °C with 1:10 sample-to-water ratio, and the cordycepin purity with macroporous resin HPD-100 reached 95.23%.[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ying Luo
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625000, China
| | - Hong-Fu Cao
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625000, China
| | - Shu-Kun Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Min Wu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625000, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625000, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625000, China
| | - An-Jun Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625000, China
| | - Guang-Hui Shen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625000, China
| | - He-Jun Wu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625000, China
| | - Mei-Liang Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625000, China
| | - Xing-Yan Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625000, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jun-Fei Bi
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625000, China
| | - Zheng-You He
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu 610000, China
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Zhou Y, Wang M, Zhang H, Huang Z, Ma J. Comparative study of the composition of cultivated, naturally grown Cordyceps sinensis, and stiff worms across different sampling years. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225750. [PMID: 31800596 PMCID: PMC6892553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural Cordyceps sinensis, which is a valuable anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, and antiviral agent in Asia, has been overexploited in recent years. Therefore, it is important for cultivated C. sinensis to be recognized in the market. In this research, the main components of entirely cultivated, naturally grown C. sinensis, and stiff worms across different sampling years were detected and compared by HPLC-MS and UV spectrometry. The results indicated that the mean levels of adenosine and cordycepin were significantly higher, whereas the mean levels of mannitol and polysaccharides were remarkably lower in the cultivated type than in the natural type. No distinct difference in the average soluble protein content was observed. The composition of the stiff worms was similar to that of the natural herb, except that the total soluble protein content was higher, and that of mannitol was lower. In addition, the ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy of the three types showed high similarity at 260 nm. This research indicates that the main nutritional composition of cultivated and natural C. sinensis is identical and that cultivated type can be used as an effective substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujue Zhou
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Structural characterisation and cholesterol efflux improving capacity of the novel polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:264-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Feng K, Wang LY, Liao DJ, Lu XP, Hu DJ, Liang X, Zhao J, Mo ZY, Li SP. Potential molecular mechanisms for fruiting body formation of Cordyceps illustrated in the case of Cordyceps sinensis. Mycology 2017; 8:231-258. [PMID: 30123644 PMCID: PMC6059060 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2017.1365314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruiting body formation mechanisms of Cordyceps sinensis are still unclear. To explore the mechanisms, proteins potentially related to the fruiting body formation, proteins from fruiting bodies, and mycelia of Cordyceps species were assessed by using two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis, and the differential expression proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation tandem time of flight mass spectrometry. The results showed that 198 differential expression proteins (252 protein spots) were identified during the fruiting body formation of Cordyceps species, and 24 of them involved in fruiting body development in both C. sinensis and other microorganisms. Especially, enolase and malate dehydrogenase were first found to play an important role in fruiting body development in macro-fungus. The results implied that cAMP signal pathway involved in fruiting body development of C. sinensis, meanwhile glycometabolism, protein metabolism, energy metabolism, and cell reconstruction were more active during fruiting body development. It has become evident that fruiting body formation of C. sinensis is a highly complex differentiation process and requires precise integration of a number of fundamental biological processes. Although the fruiting body formation mechanisms for all these activities remain to be further elucidated, the possible mechanism provides insights into the culture of C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Lan-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Dong-Jiang Liao
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Peng Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | | | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zi-Yao Mo
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Wu DT, Lv GP, Zheng J, Li Q, Ma SC, Li SP, Zhao J. Cordyceps collected from Bhutan, an appropriate alternative of Cordyceps sinensis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37668. [PMID: 27874103 PMCID: PMC5118747 DOI: 10.1038/srep37668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Cordyceps collected in Bhutan has been widely used as natural Cordyceps sinensis, an official species of Cordyceps used as Chinese medicines, around the world in recent years. However, whether Cordyceps from Bhutan could be really used as natural C. sinensis remains unknown. Therefore, DNA sequence, bioactive components including nucleosides and polysaccharides in twelve batches of Cordyceps from Bhutan were firstly investigated, and compared with natural C. sinensis. Results showed that the fungus of Cordyceps from Bhutan was C. sinensis and the host insect belonged to Hepialidae sp. In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. All data suggest that Cordyceps from Bhutan is a rational alternative of natural C. sinensis, which is beneficial for the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Guang-Ping Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Tiantan Xili 2, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qian Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Tiantan Xili 2, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shuang-Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Tiantan Xili 2, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Microwave-Assisted Extraction, Chemical Structures, and Chain Conformation of Polysaccharides from a Novel Cordyceps Sinensis
Fungus UM01. J Food Sci 2016; 81:C2167-74. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Structural elucidation, chain conformation and immuno-modulatory activity of glucogalactomannan from cultured Cordyceps sinensis fungus UM01. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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14
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A modified LC–MS/MS method to simultaneously quantify glycerol and mannitol concentrations in human urine for doping control purposes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1022:153-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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A comb-like branched β-d-glucan produced by a Cordyceps sinensis fungus and its protective effect against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 142:259-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lv X, Chen D, Yang L, Zhu N, Li J, Zhao J, Hu Z, Wang FJ, Zhang LW. Comparative studies on the immunoregulatory effects of three polysaccharides using high content imaging system. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 86:28-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Ruiz-Aceituno L, García-Sarrió MJ, Alonso-Rodriguez B, Ramos L, Sanz ML. Extraction of bioactive carbohydrates from artichoke ( Cynara scolymus L.) external bracts using microwave assisted extraction and pressurized liquid extraction. Food Chem 2016; 196:1156-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Li K, Hao X, Gao F, Wang G, Zhang Z, Du G, Qin X. Identification of Cultured and Natural Astragalus Root Based on Monosaccharide Mapping. Molecules 2015; 20:16466-90. [PMID: 26378510 PMCID: PMC6331963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the main substances responsible for immunomodulatory activity, saccharides can be used as quality indicators for Astragalus root (RA). Saccharide content is commonly determined by ultraviolet spectroscopy, which lacks species specificity and has not been applied in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Monosaccharide mapping based on trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) hydrolysis can be used for quantitative analysis of saccharide compositions. In addition, species specificity can be evaluated by analysis of the mapping characteristics. In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results indicated that the mapping and the molar ratios of saccharide compositions of the cultured and natural RA samples were different for both cytoplasm and cell wall. For example, the molar ratio of mannose and arabinose was more than 3.5:1 in cytoplasm in cultured RA, whereas the ratio was less than 3.5:1 in natural RA. This research not only lays a foundation for screening indicators for RA, but also provided new ways of evaluating the quality of Chinese medicinal materials in which saccharides are the main bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xia Hao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Fanrong Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Guizhen Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Zhengzheng Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Guanhua Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
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Zhang J, Zhong X, Li S, Zhang G, Liu X. Metabolic characterization of natural and cultured Ophicordyceps sinensis from different origins by 1H NMR spectroscopy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 115:395-401. [PMID: 26279370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ophicordyceps sinensis is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine and cultured mycelium is a substitute for wild O. sinensis. Metabolic profiles of wild O. sinensis from three geographical locations and cultivated mycelia derived from three origins were investigated using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis combined with multivariate statistical analysis. A total of 56 primary metabolites were identified and quantified from O. sinensis samples. The principle component analysis (PCA) showed significant differences between natural O. sinensis and fermentation mycelia. Seven metabolites responsible for differentiation were screened out by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The concentrations of mannitol, trehalose, arginine, trans-4-hydroxyproline, alanine and glucitol were significantly different between wild and cultured groups. The variation in metabolic profiling among artificial mycelia was greater than that among wild O. sinensis. Furthermore, wild samples from different origins were clearly distinguished by the levels of mannitol, trehalose and some amino acids. This study indicates that (1)H NMR-based metabolomics is useful for fingerprinting and discriminating O. sinensis of different geographical regions and cultivated mycelia of different strains. The present study provided an efficient approach for investigating chemical compositions and evaluating the quality of medicine and health food derived from O. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshuang Zhang
- Food and Health Engineering Research Center of State Education Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Food and Health Engineering Research Center of State Education Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shaosong Li
- Food and Health Engineering Research Center of State Education Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Guren Zhang
- Food and Health Engineering Research Center of State Education Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; State Key Laboratory for Biological Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Food and Health Engineering Research Center of State Education Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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20
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Lv GP, Hu DJ, Cheong KL, Li ZY, Qing XM, Zhao J, Li SP. Decoding glycome of Astragalus membranaceus based on pressurized liquid extraction, microwave-assisted hydrolysis and chromatographic analysis. J Chromatogr A 2015. [PMID: 26209192 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates in herbs are a relatively untapped source of new drugs and health beneficial ingredients. Their analysis has been developed as a novel aspect in quality control and herbal glycomics. In this study, glycome of Astragalus membranaceus was decoded based on optimized pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), microwave-assisted acidic hydrolysis (MAAH) and comprehensive chromatographic approaches. Twelve saccharides including sucrose, galacturonic acid, mannitol, fructose, rhamnose, ribose, arabinose, fucose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose were quantitatively analyzed by GC-MS and HPLC-CAD (charged aerosol detectors). Different columns, including Prevail Carbohydrate ES, XBridge Amide and CARBOSep CHO-820 CA for HPLC-CAD analysis, were compared for evaluation of oligosaccharides. The polysaccharides in water extract of Astragalus membranaceus were characterized by high performance size exclusive chromatography (HPSEC) combined with multiple angle light scattering detection (MALSD) and refractive index detection (RID). The results showed that A. membranaceus contained more than 108.5mgg(-1) free sucrose and small amounts of glucose 9.6-26.0mgg(-1) and fructose 8.7-22.9mgg(-1). While its polymeric carbohydrates were composed of glucose 71.0-162.3mgg(-1), galacturonic acid 52.0-113.4mgg(-1), arabinose 22.8-54.4mgg(-1) and small amounts of galactose, rhamnose, xylose and mannose. CARBOSep CHO-820 CA showed its potential in simultaneously analyzing oligosaccharides and uronic acid, especially only the environment-friendly water mobile phase was used. HPSEC-MALSD-RID showed that there were three different molecular weight distributions of polysaccharides in A. membranaceus and the average molecular weight were 21901.1, 2038.5, and 353.4kDa. Hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis demonstrated that A. membranaceus from different regions showed variations both in free and polymeric carbohydrates, which indicated that carbohydrates should be evaluated for the proper quality control of A. membranaceus. Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal were found to be the main elements for quality evaluation of polymeric carbohydrates in A. membranaceus by factor analysis. The strategy for decoding the glycome based on chromatographic approaches including GC-MS, HPLC-CAD and HPSEC-MALSD-RID after pressurized liquid extraction and microwave-assisted hydrolysis could be applied for carbohydrates profiling in herbs and beneficial for their quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - D J Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - K L Cheong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Z Y Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - X M Qing
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - J Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
| | - S P Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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21
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Cai K, Hu D, Lei B, Zhao H, Pan W, Song B. Determination of carbohydrates in tobacco by pressurized liquid extraction combined with a novel ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 882:90-100. [PMID: 26043096 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel derivatization-ultrasonic assisted-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UA-DLLME) method for the simultaneous determination of 11 main carbohydrates in tobacco has been developed. The combined method involves pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), derivatization, and UA-DLLME, followed by the analysis of the main carbohydrates with a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). First, the PLE conditions were optimized using a univariate approach. Then, the derivatization methods were properly compared and optimized. The aldononitrile acetate method combined with the O-methoxyoxime-trimethylsilyl method was used for derivatization. Finally, the critical variables affecting the UA-DLLME extraction efficiency were searched using fractional factorial design (FFD) and further optimized using Doehlert design (DD) of the response surface methodology. The optimum conditions were found to be 44 μL for CHCl3, 2.3 mL for H2O, 11% w/v for NaCl, 5 min for the extraction time and 5 min for the centrifugation time. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the detection limit of the method (LODs) and linear correlation coefficient were found to be in the range of 0.06-0.90 μg mL(-1) and 0.9987-0.9999. The proposed method was successfully employed to analyze three flue-cured tobacco cultivars, among which the main carbohydrate concentrations were found to be very different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Bo Lei
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Huina Zhao
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Wenjie Pan
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Baoan Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
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22
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A rapid and accurate method for the quantitative estimation of natural polysaccharides and their fractions using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1400:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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An evaluation system for characterization of polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and identification of its commercial product. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 124:201-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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The Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Actions of Cordyceps sinensis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:575063. [PMID: 25960753 PMCID: PMC4415478 DOI: 10.1155/2015/575063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cordyceps sinensis, also called DongChongXiaCao (winter worm, summer grass) in Chinese, is becoming increasingly popular and important in the public and scientific communities. This study summarizes the chemical constituents and their corresponding pharmacological actions of Cordyceps sinensis. Many bioactive components of Cordyceps sinensis have been extracted including nucleoside, polysaccharide, sterol, protein, amino acid, and polypeptide. In addition, these constituents' corresponding pharmacological actions were also shown in the study such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumour, antiapoptosis, and immunomodulatory actions. Therefore can use different effects of C. sinensis against different diseases and provide reference for the study of Cordyceps sinensis in the future.
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Shashidhar GM, Giridhar P, Manohar B. Functional polysaccharides from medicinal mushroom Cordyceps sinensis as a potent food supplement: extraction, characterization and therapeutic potentials – a systematic review. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13539c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a rich source of novel polysaccharides, Cordyceps sinensis (CS), one of the valued traditional Chinese medicinal fungi, is a major focus of many natural products research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. M. Shashidhar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- New Delhi
- India
- Department of Food Engineering
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute
| | - P. Giridhar
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute
- Mysore
- India
| | - B. Manohar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- New Delhi
- India
- Department of Food Engineering
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute
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26
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Lv G, Hu D, Zhao J, Li S. Quality control of sweet medicines based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Drug Discov Ther 2015; 9:94-106. [DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2015.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau
| | - Dejun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau
| | - Shaoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau
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27
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Meng LZ, Xie J, Lv GP, Hu DJ, Zhao J, Duan JA, Li SP. A comparative study on immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from two official species of Ganoderma (Lingzhi). Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:1124-31. [PMID: 25204488 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.948215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two Ganoderma species, G. lucidum and G. sinense, are listed as Lingzhi in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and they are considered to have the same therapeutic effects. Polysaccharides were the main immunomodulatory and anticancer components in Ganoderma. In this study, the chemical characters and the effects of polysaccharides from G. lucidum (GLPS) and G. sinense (GSPS) on macrophage functions were investigated and compared. Chemical studies showed that GLPS and GSPS were different, displaying various molecular weight distribution and ratio of monosaccharide components. In vitro pharmacological studies showed that both GLPS and GSPS had potent effects on macrophage functions, such as promoting macrophage phagocytosis, increasing their release of nitric oxide and cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Generally, GLPS was more powerful than GSPS. This study is helpful to elucidate the active components and pharmacological variation between the 2 Ganoderma species. The structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides from Ganoderma needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Zhen Meng
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macao SAR , China
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Wu DT, Meng LZ, Wang LY, Lv GP, Cheong KL, Hu DJ, Guan J, Zhao J, Li SP. Chain conformation and immunomodulatory activity of a hyperbranched polysaccharide from Cordyceps sinensis. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 110:405-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Meng LZ, Feng K, Wang LY, Cheong KL, Nie H, Zhao J, Li SP. Activation of mouse macrophages and dendritic cells induced by polysaccharides from a novel Cordyceps sinensis fungus UM01. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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30
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Characterization of bioactive polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris produced in China using saccharide mapping. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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31
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Characterization and discrimination of polysaccharides from different species of Cordyceps using saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 103:100-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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32
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Zhao J, Xie J, Wang L, Li S. Advanced development in chemical analysis of Cordyceps. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 87:271-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Meng LZ, Lin BQ, Wang B, Feng K, Hu DJ, Wang LY, Cheong KL, Zhao J, Li SP. Mycelia extracts of fungal strains isolated from Cordyceps sinensis differently enhance the function of RAW 264.7 macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 148:818-825. [PMID: 23707329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cordyceps sinensis, an entomogenous fungus used in traditional Chinese medicine with multiple pharmacological activities. However, its usage has been limited due to the high price and short supply. Isolate of fungi strains from natural Cordyceps sinensis to achieve a large-scale production by fermentation is an alternative choice. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of mycelia extracts of different fungal stains isolated from natural Cordyceps sinensis on macrophage functions in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Macrophages' proliferation, phagocytosis, nitric oxide (NO) production, cytokines secretion, iNOS, NF-κB p65 activation and translocation were investigated by the MTT assay, flow cytometry assay, Griess reagent method, ELISA, western blot and immunostaining assay, respectively. RESULTS The results showed that the effects of cultured Cordyceps mycelia of different fungal strains isolated from natural Cordyceps sinensis on macrophages greatly variant. Among 17 Cordyceps aqueous extracts, only five extracts (UM01, QH11, BNQM, GNCC and DCXC) could significantly increase cell proliferation and NO production of RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. Moreover, the five extracts, especially UM01 and QH11, significantly enhanced phagocytosis and promoted cytokines release of macrophages. Polysaccharides in cultured UM01 mycelia were found to be the main immune stimulating compounds. CONCLUSIONS The variation of biological effects of fermented mycelia of different fungal strains from natural Cordyceps sinensis may be derived from their chemical diversity, especially polysaccharides, which need further study in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Zhen Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Carro AM, González P, Lorenzo RA. Applications of derivatization reactions to trace organic compounds during sample preparation based on pressurized liquid extraction. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1296:214-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shashidhar M, Giridhar P, Udaya Sankar K, Manohar B. Bioactive principles from Cordyceps sinensis: A potent food supplement - A review. J Funct Foods 2013; 5:1013-1030. [PMID: 32288795 PMCID: PMC7104994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducing the importance of Cordyceps sinensis (CS) and its economics. Alternative artificial cultivation methods for large scale production to meet the world demand for CS. Chemical characterization of compounds in different extracts of CS. Potential health benefits and mechanism of action of compounds in CS. Possible application of whole fungus or its extracts in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Cordyceps sinensis (CS) is a well-known entamophagus fungus, naturally distributed in the Tibetan Plateau of Asia and Himalayas. Recently this synonym is transferred to Ophiocordyceps by both scientific and non-scientific communities. It is widely used as a tonic and medicinal food in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as it possess wonderful health benefits. To support its functional attributes, various investigations have been carried out to find out its adaptogenic, aphrodisiac, anti-oxidant, anti-aging, neuroprotective, nootropic, immunomodulatory, anti-cancer and hepatoprotective role. Its fruiting portion as well as the larvae possesses potent bio-active fractions and their composition almost found to be similar in both. The bioactive principles are nucleosides, exo-polysaccharides, sterols and, proteins, among others. Among nucleosides, adenosine and cordycepin are the major biochemical markers. Further, different types of solvent extracts and their mixtures exhibit wide range of pharmacological activities, while the water and methanol extracts with the richest sources of nucleosides and polysaccharides also show wide range of pharmacological activities. This review gives a panoramic view of potential health benefits of various classes of bio-active fractions along with the need for sustainable management of CS for human wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.G. Shashidhar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial research, New Delhi, India
- Department of Food Engineering, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - P. Giridhar
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - K. Udaya Sankar
- Department of Food Engineering, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - B. Manohar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial research, New Delhi, India
- Department of Food Engineering, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
- Corresponding author at: Department of Food Engineering, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India. Fax: +91 821 2517233.
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Meng LZ, Lv GP, Hu DJ, Cheong KL, Xie J, Zhao J, Li SP. Effects of polysaccharides from different species of Dendrobium (Shihu) on macrophage function. Molecules 2013; 18:5779-91. [PMID: 23685935 PMCID: PMC6269656 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium spp. are precious medicinal plants, used in China for thousands of years as health foods and nutrients. Polysaccharides are the main effective ingredients in Dendrobium plants. In this study, the chemical characteristics and the effects of crude polysaccharides (CPs) from five species of Dendrobium on macrophage function were investigated and compared in vitro for the first time. Chemical characteristic studies showed that CPs from different species of Dendrobium were diverse, displaying widely varied Mw distributions and molar ratios of monosaccharides. Their effects on macrophage functions, such as promoting phagocytosis, release of NO and cytokines IL-1α, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α, were also different. Moreover, CPs from D. officinale, especially collected from Yunnan Province, exerted the strongest immunomodulatory activities and could be explored as a novel potential functional food. The diverse chemical characteristics of CPs from different species of Dendrobium might contribute to their varied effects on macrophage functions, which should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jing Zhao
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: or (S.-P.L.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +853-8397-4692 (S.-P.L.); Fax: +853-2884-1358 (J.Z. & S.-P.L.)
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: or (S.-P.L.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +853-8397-4692 (S.-P.L.); Fax: +853-2884-1358 (J.Z. & S.-P.L.)
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Chen PX, Wang S, Nie S, Marcone M. Properties of Cordyceps Sinensis: A review. J Funct Foods 2013; 5:550-569. [PMID: 32288794 PMCID: PMC7104941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A great mystique and aura surrounds Cordyceps sinensis (syn.: Cephalosporium sinensis), an endoparasitic fungus which has claims of anti-cancer and anti-aging properties. Much research has been conducted over the years on crude extracts and its bioactivity. More research is now focused on culturing C. sinensis and on isolating and identifying pure compounds novel to C. sinensis in an attempt to alleviate strain on demand for the natural fungi. Several polysaccharides, nucleosides and sterols all have had reports of promoting health both in vitro and in vivo. Specific and novel compounds which are characteristic to C. sinensis are emerging with reports of two new epipolythiodioxopiperazines, gliocladicillins A and B capable of inhibiting growth of HeLa, HepG2 and MCF-7 tumor cells. Exclusive to natural C. sinensis, five constituents of cordysinin (A-E) has also been reported for the first time and has been linked to anti-inflammatory properties. Although it may still be premature to believe these results should translate into pharmaceutical use, there is sufficient evidence to warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Xin Chen
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Sunan Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Massimo Marcone
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Pharmacological Effects of Cordyceps and Its Bioactive Compounds. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59603-1.00013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Bioactive polysaccharides from Cordyceps sinensis: Isolation, structure features and bioactivities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hu DJ, Cheong KL, Zhao J, Li SP. Chromatography in characterization of polysaccharides from medicinal plants and fungi. J Sep Sci 2012; 36:1-19. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- De-jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao; China
| | - Kit-leong Cheong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao; China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao; China
| | - Shao-ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao; China
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Comparison and characterization of polysaccharides from natural and cultured Cordyceps using saccharide mapping. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:3465-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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