1
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Smirnov VV, Drozd VS, Patra CK, Hussein Z, Rybalko DS, Kozlova AV, Nour MAY, Zemerova TP, Kolosova OS, Kalnin AY, El-Deeb AA. Towards the development of a DNA automaton: modular RNA-cleaving deoxyribozyme logic gates regulated by miRNAs. Analyst 2024; 149:1947-1957. [PMID: 38385166 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02178e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in DNA computation have unlocked molecular-scale information processing possibilities, utilizing the intrinsic properties of DNA for complex logical operations with transformative applications in biomedicine. DNA computation shows promise in molecular diagnostics, enabling precise and sensitive detection of genetic mutations and disease biomarkers. Moreover, it holds potential for targeted gene regulation, facilitating personalized therapeutic interventions with enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects. Herein, we have developed six DNAzyme-based logic gates able to process YES, AND, and NOT Boolean logic. The novelty of this work lies in their additional functionalization with a common DNA scaffold for increased cooperativity in input recognition. Moreover, we explored hierarchical input binding to multi-input logic gates, which helped gate optimization. Additionally, we developed a new design of an allosteric hairpin switch used to implement NOT logic. All DNA logic gates achieved the desired true-to-false output signal when detecting a panel of miRNAs, known for their important role in malignancy regulation. This is the first example of DNAzyme-based logic gates having all input-recognizing elements integrated in a single DNA nanostructure, which provides new opportunities for building DNA automatons for diagnosis and therapy of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor V Smirnov
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Str., 191002, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Valerya S Drozd
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Str., 191002, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Christina K Patra
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Str., 191002, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Zain Hussein
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Str., 191002, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
- Almetyevsk State Oil Institute, 2 Lenina St., Almetyevsk, 423450, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Daria S Rybalko
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Str., 191002, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Anastasia V Kozlova
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Str., 191002, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
- Almetyevsk State Oil Institute, 2 Lenina St., Almetyevsk, 423450, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Moustapha A Y Nour
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Str., 191002, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
- Almetyevsk State Oil Institute, 2 Lenina St., Almetyevsk, 423450, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana P Zemerova
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Str., 191002, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Olga S Kolosova
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Str., 191002, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
- Faculty of Industrial Drug Technology, Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, 14, lit. A, st. Professor Popov, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Arseniy Y Kalnin
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Str., 191002, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ahmed A El-Deeb
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Str., 191002, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
- Almetyevsk State Oil Institute, 2 Lenina St., Almetyevsk, 423450, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
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2
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Siak PY, Heng WS, Teoh SSH, Lwin YY, Cheah SC. Precision medicine in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: comprehensive review of past, present, and future prospect. J Transl Med 2023; 21:786. [PMID: 37932756 PMCID: PMC10629096 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive malignancy with high propensity for lymphatic spread and distant metastasis. It is prominent as an endemic malignancy in Southern China and Southeast Asia regions. Studies on NPC pathogenesis mechanism in the past decades such as through Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection and oncogenic molecular aberrations have explored several potential targets for therapy and diagnosis. The EBV infection introduces oncoviral proteins that consequently hyperactivate many promitotic pathways and block cell-death inducers. EBV infection is so prevalent in NPC patients such that EBV serological tests were used to diagnose and screen NPC patients. On the other hand, as the downstream effectors of oncogenic mechanisms, the promitotic pathways can potentially be exploited therapeutically. With the apparent heterogeneity and distinct molecular aberrations of NPC tumor, the focus has turned into a more personalized treatment in NPC. Herein in this comprehensive review, we depict the current status of screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in NPC. Subsequently, based on the limitations on those aspects, we look at their potential improvements in moving towards the path of precision medicine. The importance of recent advances on the key molecular aberration involved in pathogenesis of NPC for precision medicine progression has also been reported in the present review. Besides, the challenge and future outlook of NPC management will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yan Siak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Win Sen Heng
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Sharon Siew Hoon Teoh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Yu Yu Lwin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Medicine, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Shiau-Chuen Cheah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
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3
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Cramer ER, Starcovic SA, Avey RM, Kaya AI, Robart AR. Structure of a 10-23 deoxyribozyme exhibiting a homodimer conformation. Commun Chem 2023; 6:119. [PMID: 37301907 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxyribozymes (DNAzymes) are in vitro evolved DNA sequences capable of catalyzing chemical reactions. The RNA-cleaving 10-23 DNAzyme was the first DNAzyme to be evolved and possesses clinical and biotechnical applications as a biosensor and a knockdown agent. DNAzymes do not require the recruitment of other components to cleave RNA and can turnover, thus they have a distinct advantage over other knockdown methods (siRNA, CRISPR, morpholinos). Despite this, a lack of structural and mechanistic information has hindered the optimization and application of the 10-23 DNAzyme. Here, we report a 2.7 Å crystal structure of the RNA-cleaving 10-23 DNAzyme in a homodimer conformation. Although proper coordination of the DNAzyme to substrate is observed along with intriguing patterns of bound magnesium ions, the dimer conformation likely does not capture the true catalytic form of the 10-23 DNAzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan R Cramer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 20506, USA
| | - Sarah A Starcovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 20506, USA
| | - Rebekah M Avey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 20506, USA
| | - Ali I Kaya
- NE-CAT and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Aaron R Robart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 20506, USA.
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4
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Cramer E, Starcovic S, Avey R, Kaya A, Robart A. Structure of a 10-23 Deoxyribozyme Exhibiting a Homodimer Conformation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2252941. [PMID: 37398199 PMCID: PMC10312968 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2252941/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Deoxyribozymes (DNAzymes) are in vitro evolved DNA sequences capable of catalyzing chemical reactions. The RNA cleaving 10-23 DNAzyme was the first DNAzyme to be evolved and possesses clinical and biotechnical applications as a biosensor and a knockdown agent. DNAzymes do not require the recruitment of other components to cleave RNA and can turnover, thus they have a distinct advantage over other knockdown methods (siRNA, CRISPR, morpholinos). Despite this, a lack of structural and mechanistic information has hindered the optimization and application of the 10-23 DNAzyme. Here, we report a 2.7 Å crystal structure of the RNA cleaving 10-23 DNAzyme in a homodimer conformation. Although proper coordination of the DNAzyme to substrate is observed along with intriguing patterns of bound magnesium ions, the dimer conformation likely does not capture the true catalytic form of the 10-23 DNAzyme.
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5
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DNAzymes, Novel Therapeutic Agents in Cancer Therapy: A Review of Concepts to Applications. J Nucleic Acids 2021; 2021:9365081. [PMID: 34760318 PMCID: PMC8575636 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9365081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed a rapid evolution in cancer drug research which is aimed at developing active biological interventions to regulate cancer-specific molecular targets. Nucleic acid-based therapeutics, including ribozymes, antisense oligonucleotides, small interference RNA (siRNA), aptamer, and DNAzymes, have emerged as promising candidates regulating cancer-specific genes at either the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level. Gene-specific catalytic DNA molecules, or DNAzymes, have shown promise as a therapeutic intervention against cancer in various in vitro and in vivo models, expediting towards clinical applications. DNAzymes are single-stranded catalytic DNA that has not been observed in nature, and they are synthesized through in vitro selection processes from a large pool of random DNA libraries. The intrinsic properties of DNAzymes like small molecular weight, higher stability, excellent programmability, diversity, and low cost have brought them to the forefront of the nucleic acid-based therapeutic arsenal available for cancers. In recent years, considerable efforts have been undertaken to assess a variety of DNAzymes against different cancers. However, their therapeutic application is constrained by the low delivery efficiency, cellular uptake, and target detection within the tumour microenvironment. Thus, there is a pursuit to identify efficient delivery methods in vivo before the full potential of DNAzymes in cancer therapy is realized. In this light, a review of the recent advances in the use of DNAzymes against cancers in preclinical and clinical settings is valuable to understand its potential as effective cancer therapy. We have thus sought to firstly provide a brief overview of construction and recent improvements in the design of DNAzymes. Secondly, this review stipulates the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of DNAzymes developed against major hallmarks of cancers tested in preclinical and clinical settings. Lastly, the recent advances in DNAzyme delivery systems along with the challenges and prospects for the clinical application of DNAzymes as cancer therapy are also discussed.
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6
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Cao Y, Xie L, Shi F, Tang M, Li Y, Hu J, Zhao L, Zhao L, Yu X, Luo X, Liao W, Bode AM. Targeting the signaling in Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases: mechanism, regulation, and clinical study. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:15. [PMID: 33436584 PMCID: PMC7801793 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus-associated diseases are important global health concerns. As a group I carcinogen, EBV accounts for 1.5% of human malignances, including both epithelial- and lymphatic-originated tumors. Moreover, EBV plays an etiological and pathogenic role in a number of non-neoplastic diseases, and is even involved in multiple autoimmune diseases (SADs). In this review, we summarize and discuss some recent exciting discoveries in EBV research area, which including DNA methylation alterations, metabolic reprogramming, the changes of mitochondria and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), oxidative stress and EBV lytic reactivation, variations in non-coding RNA (ncRNA), radiochemotherapy and immunotherapy. Understanding and learning from this advancement will further confirm the far-reaching and future value of therapeutic strategies in EBV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Research Center for Technologies of Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics Hunan Province, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Joint Engineering Research Center for Genetic Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.
| | - Longlong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yueshuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Jianmin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Luqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Xinfang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weihua Liao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
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7
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Malavia N, Kuche K, Ghadi R, Jain S. A bird's eye view of the advanced approaches and strategies for overshadowing triple negative breast cancer. J Control Release 2020; 330:72-100. [PMID: 33321156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive form of breast cancer. It is characterized by the absence of estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor receptors. The main issue with TNBC is that it exhibits poor prognosis, high risk of relapse, short progression-free survival and low overall survival in patients. This is because the conventional therapy used for managing TNBC has issues pertaining to poor bioavailability, lower cellular uptake, increased off-target effects and development of resistance. To overcome such pitfalls, several other approaches are explored. In this context, the present manuscript showcases three of the most widely used approaches which are (i) nanotechnology-based approach; (ii) gene therapy approach and (iii) Phytochemical-based approach. The ultimate focus is to present and explain the insightful reports based on these approaches. Further, the review also expounds on the identified molecular targets and novel targeting ligands which are explored for managing TNBC effectively. Thus, in a nutshell, the review tries to highlight these existing treatment approaches which might inspire for future development of novel therapies with a potential of overshadowing TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Malavia
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Kaushik Kuche
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rohan Ghadi
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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8
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Khachigian LM. Deoxyribozymes as Catalytic Nanotherapeutic Agents. Cancer Res 2019; 79:879-888. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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El-Sharkawy A, Al Zaidan L, Malki A. Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Malignancies: Roles of Viral Oncoproteins in Carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2018; 8:265. [PMID: 30116721 PMCID: PMC6082928 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is the first herpesvirus identified to be associated with human cancers known to infect the majority of the world population. EBV-associated malignancies are associated with a latent form of infection, and several of the EBV-encoded latent proteins are known to mediate cellular transformation. These include six nuclear antigens and three latent membrane proteins (LMPs). In lymphoid and epithelial tumors, viral latent gene expressions have distinct pattern. In both primary and metastatic tumors, the constant expression of latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) at the RNA level suggests that this protein is the key player in the EBV-associated tumorigenesis. While LMP2A contributing to the malignant transformation possibly by cooperating with the aberrant host genome. This can be done in part by dysregulating signaling pathways at multiple points, notably in the cell cycle and apoptotic pathways. Recent studies also have confirmed that LMP1 and LMP2 contribute to carcinoma progression and that this may reflect the combined effects of these proteins on activation of multiple signaling pathways. This review article aims to investigate the aforementioned EBV-encoded proteins that reveal established roles in tumor formation, with a greater emphasis on the oncogenic LMPs (LMP1 and LMP2A) and their roles in dysregulating signaling pathways. It also aims to provide a quick look on the six members of the EBV nuclear antigens and their roles in dysregulating apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Sharkawy
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" (IGB)-CNR, Naples, Italy.,Biomolecular Science Programme, Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Lobna Al Zaidan
- Biomedical Science Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Malki
- Biomedical Science Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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10
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Yi M, Cai J, Li J, Chen S, Zeng Z, Peng Q, Ban Y, Zhou Y, Li X, Xiong W, Li G, Xiang B. Rediscovery of NF-κB signaling in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: How genetic defects of NF-κB pathway interplay with EBV in driving oncogenesis? J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5537-5549. [PMID: 29266238 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a unique EBV-associated subtype of head and neck cancer, which has the highest incidence in Southern China and eastern South Asia. The interaction between genetic risk factors and environmental challenge, have been considered to contribute to the development of nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis. Constitutive activation of NF-κB signaling has been seen in NPC tissues and is associated with unfavorable prognosis. Recently, several whole exome sequencing study consistently revealed that high frequency mutations of NF-κB pathway negative regulators is common in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which reinforce the importance of NF-κB driving oncogenesis. This review focuses on the current state of research in role of NF-κB in NPC carcinogenesis. We summarized the newly identified loss of function (LOF) mutations on NF-κB negative regulators leading to it's activation bypass LMP-1 stimulation. We discussed the critical role of NF-κB activation in immortalization and transformation of nasopharygeal epithelium. We also depicted how NF-κB signaling mediated chronic inflammation contribute to persistent EBV infection, immune evasion of EBV infected cells, metabolic reprogramming, and cancer stem cells (CSCs) formation in NPC. Lastly, we discussed the clinical resonance of targeting NF-κB for NPC precise therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yi
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junjun Li
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Peng
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ban
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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11
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Ammous-Boukhris N, Mosbah A, Sahli E, Ayadi W, Hadhri-Guiga B, Chérif A, Gargouri A, Mokdad-Gargouri R. Phage-display screening identifies LMP1-binding peptides targeting the C-terminus region of the EBV oncoprotein. Peptides 2016; 85:73-79. [PMID: 27650372 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), a major oncoprotein of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) is responsible for transforming B lymphocytes in vitro. LMP1 is overexpressed in several EBV-associated malignancies, and different approaches have been developed to reduce its level and accordingly its oncogenic function in tumor tissues. This study aimed to use phage display peptide library to obtain peptides which could specifically bind to the cytoplasmic region of LMP1 to prevent its interaction with signaling proteins. The LMP1 C-terminus region was produced in bacterial E. coli and used as target for the phage library panning. After 3 rounds, 20 phage clones were randomly selected and 8 showed high binding affinity to the recombinant C-terminus LMP1 protein. The most interesting candidates are the FO5 "QPTKDSSPPLRV" and NO4 "STTSPPAVPHNN" peptides since both bind the C-terminus LMP1 as showed by molecular docking. Furthermore, sequence alignment revealed that the FO5 peptide shared sequence similarity with the Death Receptor 4 which belongs to the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing receptor which plays key role in anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amor Mosbah
- BVBGR-LR 11ES31, ISBST University of Manouba, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, 2020 Ariana, Tunisie
| | - Emna Sahli
- LBME, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3018 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Wajdi Ayadi
- LBME, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3018 Sfax, Tunisie
| | | | - Ameur Chérif
- BVBGR-LR 11ES31, ISBST University of Manouba, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, 2020 Ariana, Tunisie
| | - Ali Gargouri
- LBME, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3018 Sfax, Tunisie
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12
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Zhang L, Zhao W, Liang C, Yi X, Pei Y, Lin Y, He J, Li W. VEGFR-1 targeted DNAzyme via transcatheter arterial delivery influences tumor vasculature assessed through dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1339-44. [PMID: 27431919 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
DNAzymes are synthetic single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides that bind and cleave target mRNA in a sequence-specific manner. Although the therapeutic potential has been demonstrated in both preclinical and clinical settings, the efficient delivery and in vivo assessment of the DNAzyme efficacy remain the vital unsolved issue. In the present study, we examined the feasibility of using transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) strategy to deliver a DNAzyme targeting VEGFR-1 and monitoring its effect on tumor angiogenesis in vivo via dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). In a rabbit liver cancer model (VX2), we showed that the DNAzyme was efficiently delivered into the tumor by TACE. DCE-MRI revealed that the VEGFR-1-targeted DNAzyme affected the tumor vasculature through inhibiting VEGFR-1 expression in vivo, which was reflected by a reduction of Ktrans and Kep, the parameters of tumor microvascular permeability. Our findings offer an efficient strategy of delivery and assessment of the VEGFR-1 DNAzyme, and further demonstrate the feasibility of DNAzyme for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Hospital of Finance and Commerce, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Yi
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yigang Pei
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yiting Lin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jiang He
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Wenzheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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The translation inhibitor silvestrol exhibits direct anti-tumor activity while preserving innate and adaptive immunity against EBV-driven lymphoproliferative disease. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2693-708. [PMID: 25393910 PMCID: PMC4413611 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for patients with Epstein-Barr Virus-driven lymphoproliferative diseases (EBV-LPD) are limited. Chemo-immunotherapeutic approaches often lead to immune suppression, risk of lethal infection and EBV reactivation, thus it is essential to identify agents that can deliver direct anti-tumor activity while preserving innate and adaptive host immune surveillance. Silvestrol possesses direct anti-tumor activity in multiple hematologic malignancies while causing minimal toxicity to normal mononuclear cells. However, the effects of silvestrol on immune function have not been described. We utilized in vitro and in vivo models of EBV-LPD to simultaneously examine the impact of silvestrol on both tumor and normal immune function. We show that silvestrol induces direct anti-tumor activity against EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL), with growth inhibition, decreased expression of the EBV oncogene latent membrane protein-1, and inhibition of the downstream AKT, STAT1 and STAT3 signaling pathways. Silvestrol promoted potent indirect anti-tumor effects by preserving expansion of innate and EBV antigen-specific adaptive immune effector subsets capable of effective clearance of LCL tumor targets in autologous co-cultures. In an animal model of spontaneous EBV-LPD, silvestrol demonstrated significant therapeutic activity dependent on the presence of CD8-positive T-cells. These findings establish a novel immune-sparing activity of silvestrol, justifying further exploration in patients with EBV-positive malignancies.
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Gong L, Zhao Z, Lv YF, Huan SY, Fu T, Zhang XB, Shen GL, Yu RQ. DNAzyme-based biosensors and nanodevices. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:979-95. [PMID: 25336076 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06855f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
DNAzymes, screened through in vitro selection, have shown great promise as molecular tools in the design of biosensors and nanodevices. The catalytic activities of DNAzymes depend specifically on cofactors and show multiple enzymatic turnover properties, which make DNAzymes both versatile recognition elements and outstanding signal amplifiers. Combining nanomaterials with unique optical, magnetic and electronic properties, DNAzymes may yield novel fluorescent, colorimetric, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), electrochemical and chemiluminescent biosensors. Moreover, some DNAzymes have been utilized as functional components to perform arithmetic operations or as "walkers" to move along DNA tracks. DNAzymes can also function as promising therapeutics, when designed to complement target mRNAs or viral RNAs, and consequently lead to down-regulation of protein expression. This feature article focuses on the most significant achievements in using DNAzymes as recognition elements and signal amplifiers for biosensors, and highlights the applications of DNAzymes in logic gates, DNA walkers and nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gong
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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15
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Abstract
Gene-silencing strategies based on catalytic nucleic acids have been rapidly developed in the past decades. Ribozymes, antisense oligonucleotides and RNA interference have been actively pursued for years due to their potential application in gene inactivation. Pioneered by Joyce et al., a new class of catalytic nucleic acid composed of deoxyribonucleotides has emerged via an in vitro selection system. The therapeutic potential of these RNA-cleaving DNAzymes have been shown both in vitro and in vivo. Although they rival the activity and stability of synthetic ribozymes, they are limited by inefficient delivery to the intracellular targets. Recent successes in clinical testing of the DNAzymes in cancer patients have revitalized the potential clinical utility of DNAzymes.
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Novel roles and therapeutic targets of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein 1-induced oncogenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Med 2015; 17:e15. [PMID: 26282825 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was first discovered 50 years ago as an oncogenic gamma-1 herpesvirus and infects more than 90% of the worldwide adult population. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) poses a serious health problem in southern China and is one of the most common cancers among the Chinese. There is now strong evidence supporting a role for EBV in the pathogenesis of NPC. Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), a primary oncoprotein encoded by EBV, alters several functional and oncogenic properties, including transformation, cell death and survival in epithelial cells in NPC. LMP1 may increase protein modification, such as phosphorylation, and initiate aberrant signalling via derailed activation of host adaptor molecules and transcription factors. Here, we summarise the novel features of different domains of LMP1 and several new LMP1-mediated signalling pathways in NPC. When then focus on the potential roles of LMP1 in cancer stem cells, metabolism reprogramming, epigenetic modifications and therapy strategies in NPC.
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Chen W, Hu GH. Biomarkers for enhancing the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Biol Med 2015; 12:23-32. [PMID: 25859408 PMCID: PMC4383846 DOI: 10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2014.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common head and neck malignancy. The incidence of NPC is higher in Southern China and Southeast Asia compared with Western countries. Given its high radiosensitivity, the standard treatment for NPC is radiotherapy. However, radioresistance remains a serious obstacle to successful treatment. Radioresistance can cause local recurrence and distant metastases in some patients after treatment by radiation. Thus, special emphasis has been given to the discovery of effective radiosensitizers. This review aims to discuss the biomarkers, classified according to the main mechanisms of radiosensitization, which can enhance the sensitivity of NPC cells to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guo-Hua Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Fokina AA, Stetsenko DA, François JC. DNA enzymes as potential therapeutics: towards clinical application of 10-23 DNAzymes. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:689-711. [PMID: 25772532 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1025048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ongoing studies on the inhibition of gene expression at the mRNA level have identified several types of specific inhibitors such as antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNA, ribozymes and DNAzymes (Dz). After its discovery in 1997, the 10-23 Dz (which can cleave RNA efficiently and site-specifically, has flexible design, is independent from cell mechanisms, does not require expensive chemical modifications for effective use in vivo) has been employed to downregulate a range of therapeutically important genes. Recently, 10-23 Dzs have taken their first steps into clinical trials. AREAS COVERED This review focuses predominantly on Dz applications as potential antiviral, antibacterial, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory agents as well as for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and diseases of CNS, summarizing results of their clinical trials up to the present day. EXPERT OPINION In comparison with antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs, Dzs do not usually show off-target effects due to their high specificity and lack of immunogenicity in vivo. As more results of clinical trials carried out so far are gradually becoming available, Dzs may turn out to be safe and well-tolerated therapeutics in humans. Therefore, there is a good chance that we may witness a deoxyribozyme drug reaching the clinic in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesya A Fokina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia
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Liu MT, Chen MK, Huang CC, Huang CY. Prognostic Value of Molecular Markers and Implication for Molecular Targeted Therapies in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: An Update in an Era of New Targeted Molecules Development. World J Oncol 2015; 6:243-261. [PMID: 29147412 PMCID: PMC5649942 DOI: 10.14740/wjon610w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of molecular biomarkers which could provide information for more accurate prognostication and development of novel therapeutic strategies for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). NPC is a unique malignant epithelial carcinoma of head and neck region, with an intimate association with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Currently, the prediction of NPC prognosis is mainly based on the clinical TNM staging; however, NPC patients with the same clinical stage often present different clinical outcomes, suggesting that the TNM stage is insufficient to precisely predict the prognosis of this disease. In this review, we give an overview of the prognostic value of molecular markers in NPC and discuss potential strategies of targeted therapies for treatment of NPC. Molecular biomarkers, which play roles in abnormal proliferation signaling pathways (such as Wnt/β-catenin pathway), intracellular mitogenic signal aberration (such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α), receptor-mediated aberrations (such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)), tumor suppressors (such as p16 and p27 activity), cell cycle aberrations (such as cyclin D1 and cyclin E), cell adhesion aberrations (such as E-cadherin), apoptosis dysregualtion (such as survivin) and centromere aberration (centromere protein H), are prognostic markers for NPC. Plasma EBV DNA concentrations and EBV-encoded latent membrane proteins are also prognostic markers for NPC. Implication of molecular targeted therapies in NPC was discussed. Such therapies could have potential in combination with different cytotoxic agents to combat and eradicate tumor cells. In order to further improve overall survival for patients with loco-regionally advanced NPC, the development of innovative strategies, including prognostic molecular markers and molecular targeted agents is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Tai Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nan Shiau Street, Changhua, Taiwan 500, ROC.,Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung San South Road, Taipei, Taiwan 100, ROC.,Department of Medicine, Chang Shan Medical University, 110 Section 1, Chien- Kuo N. Road, Taichung, Taiwan 402, ROC.,Department of Radiology, Yuanpei University of Science and Technology, 306 Yuanpei Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, ROC
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Yuanpei University of Science and Technology, 306 Yuanpei Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, ROC.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nan Shiau Street, Changhua, Taiwan 500, ROC
| | - Chia-Chun Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nan Shiau Street, Changhua, Taiwan 500, ROC
| | - Chao-Yuan Huang
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung San South Road, Taipei, Taiwan 100, ROC
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20
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Therapeutic potential of siRNA and DNAzymes in cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9505-21. [PMID: 25149153 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, invasion, and metastasis and possess threat to humans worldwide. The scientific community is facing numerous challenges despite several efforts to cure cancer. Though a number of studies were done earlier, the molecular mechanism of cancer progression is not completely understood. Currently available treatments like surgery resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are not completely effective in curing all the cancers. Recent advances in the antisense technology provide a powerful tool to investigate various cancer pathways and target them. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) could be effective in downregulating the cancer-associated genes, but their in vivo delivery is the main obstacle. DNA enzymes (DNAzymes) have great potential in the treatment of cancer due to high selectivity and significant catalytic efficiency. In this review, we are focusing on antisense molecules such as siRNA and DNAzymes in cancer therapeutics development. This review also describes the challenges and approaches to overcome obstacles involved in using siRNA and DNAzymes in the treatment of cancers.
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You X, Yang YC, Ke X, Hong SL, Hu GH. Fluorescence visualization screening for EBV-LMP1-targeted DNAzymes. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 150:251-8. [PMID: 24323909 DOI: 10.1177/0194599813514514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a novel screening method for DNAzymes targeting the LMP1 carboxy region. STUDY DESIGN To design a method to screen special DNAzymes toward the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated carcinoma before clinic use. SETTING Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education-Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases in Chongqing Medical University. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Four novel 10-23 DNAzymes (DZ509, DZ1037, DZ893, and DZ827) targeting the EBV-LMP1 gene were designed and evaluated by detecting enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) expression of LMP1 mRNA and the protein in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell line CNE2 transfected with the pEGFP-C1-LMP1c vector. The screened specific DNAzymes were then transfected into NPC cell lines C666-1 while a mutant oligonucleotide mutDZ509 and an antisense oligonucleotide ASODN509 were designed as positive and negative controls. Cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, LMP1 mRNA, and the protein were assessed using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Annexin V-fluorescence isothiocyanate (FITC), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blots. RESULTS The inhibition rates of fluorescence expression of the DNAzymes DZ509, DZ1037, DZ893, and DZ827 were 91.25%, 65.84%, 49.02%, and 44.56%, respectively. The results were in accordance with the inhibition effects of mRNA and protein expression. The screened DZ509 could effectively knock down endogenous LMP1 expression in C666-1 cells, inhibit cell proliferation, and induce cell apoptosis compared with mutDZ509 and ASODN509. CONCLUSION LMP1 could present a potential target for DNAzymes toward the EBV-associated carcinoma, and the EGFP expression vector could be a visible method for screening special DNAzymes before clinic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi You
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Xu Y, Shi Y, Yuan Q, Liu X, Yan B, Chen L, Tao Y, Cao Y. Epstein-Barr Virus encoded LMP1 regulates cyclin D1 promoter activity by nuclear EGFR and STAT3 in CNE1 cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2013; 32:90. [PMID: 24499623 PMCID: PMC3843577 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-32-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) oncoprotein, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is strongly associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a prevalent cancer in China. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is important in carcinogenesis, as it is a ubiquitously expressed receptor tyrosine kinase. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a master transcriptional regulator in proliferation and apoptosis. Our previous study demonstrated that the nuclear EGFR could bind to the cyclin D1 promoter directly in the presence of LMP1, and the correlation between EGFR and STAT3 in NPC remains to be further explored. Here, we have shown that the interaction of EGFR and STAT3 increased in the nucleus in the presence of LMP1. LMP1 promoted both EGFR and STAT3 binding to the promoter region of cyclin D1, in turn, enhancing the promoter activity of cyclin D1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that both transcriptional activity and mRNA levels of cyclin D1 were decreased by small molecule interference of EGFR and STAT3 activity. These findings may provide a novel linkage between the EGFR and STAT3 signaling pathways and the activation of cyclin D1 by LMP1 in the carcinogenesis of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongguang Tao
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
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Shen L, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Liao W, Chen Y, Xu Z, Yang L, Sun LQ. Antiangiogenic and antitumoral effects mediated by a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1)-targeted DNAzyme. Mol Med 2013; 19:377-86. [PMID: 24306423 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiangiogenesis is a promising antitumor strategy that inhibits tumor vascular formation to suppress tumor growth. DNAzymes are synthetic single-strand deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules that can cleave ribonucleic acids (RNAs). Here, we conducted a comprehensive in vitro selection of active DNAzymes for their activity to cleave the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR-1) mRNA and screened for their biological activity in a matrigel tube-formation assay. Among the selected DNAzymes, DT18 was defined as a lead molecule that was further investigated in several model systems. In a rat corneal vascularization model, DT18 demonstrated significant and specific antiangiogenic activity, as evidenced by the reduced area and vessel number in VEGF-induced corneal angiogenesis. In a mouse melanoma model, DT18 was shown to inhibit B16 tumor growth, whereas it did not affect B16 cell proliferation. We further assessed the DT18 effect in mice with established human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A significant inhibition of tumor growth was observed, which accompanied downregulation of VEGFR-1 expression in NPC tumor tissues. To evaluate DT18 effect on vasculature, we performed dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) on the human NPC xenograft mice treated with DT18 and showed a reduction of the parameter of K(trans) (volume constant for transfer of contrast agent), which reflects the condition of tumor microvascular permeability. When examining the safety and tolerability of DT18, intravenous administration of Dz18 to healthy mice caused no substantial toxicities, as shown by parameters such as body weight, liver/kidney function, and histological and biochemical analyses. Taken together, our data suggest that the anti-VEGFR-1 DNAzyme may be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer, such as NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfang Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weihua Liao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Hunan, China Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lun-Quan Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Hallett MA, Dalal P, Sweatman TW, Pourmotabbed T. The distribution, clearance, and safety of an anti-MMP-9 DNAzyme in normal and MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice. Nucleic Acid Ther 2013; 23:379-88. [PMID: 24083396 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2012.0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic oligonucleotides, known as DNAzymes, are a new class of nucleic acid-based gene therapy that have recently been used in preclinical animal studies to treat various cancers. In this study the systemic distribution, pharmacokinetics, and safety of intravenously administered anti-MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-9 DNAzyme (AM9D) were determined in healthy FVB and in MMTV-polyoma virus middle T (PyMT) transgenic mice bearing mammary tumors. MMP-9 is known to be involved in tumor cell development, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Sulfur-35 ((35)S) labeled ([(35)S]-AM9D) administered intravenously, without the use of carrier molecules, to healthy and mammary tumor bearing MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice distributed to all major organs. The order of percentages of [(35)S]-AM9D accumulation in different organs of healthy and MMTV-PyMT mice were blood>liver>kidney>lung>spleen>heart and mammary tumor>blood≈liver>kidney>spleen>lung>heart, respectively. The amount of AM9D accumulated in mammary tumors 2 hours post injection was 0.6% and 0.2% higher than in either blood or liver, respectively, and its rate of initial clearance from mammary tissue was at least 50% slower than the other organs. Approximately 43% of the delivered dosage of [(35)S]-AM9D was cleared from the system via feces and urine over a period of 72 hours. No evidence of acute or chronic cytotoxicity, local or widespread, associated with AM9D treatment (up to 75 mg AM9D /kg of body weight) was observed in the organs examined. These data suggest that DNAzyme in general and AM9D in particular can be used systemically as a therapeutic agent to treat patients with breast cancer or other metastatic and surgically inaccessible tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda A Hallett
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis Tennessee
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25
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MA XIAOQIAN, XU ZHIJIE, YANG LIFANG, XIAO LANBO, TANG MIN, LU JINGCHEN, XU SAN, TANG YIPING, WEN XINXIAN, DENG XINGMING, SUN LUNQUAN, CAO YA. EBV-LMP1-targeted DNAzyme induces DNA damage and causes cell cycle arrest in LMP1-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1541-8. [PMID: 24042231 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Tabyaoui I, Serhier Z, Sahraoui S, Sayd S, Cadi R, Bennani OM, Benider A, Zamiati S, Tahiri JN. Immunohistochemical expression of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and p53 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Moroccan experience. Afr Health Sci 2013; 13:710-7. [PMID: 24250311 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v13i3.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumor intimately associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). NPC is a characteristic tumor displaying epidemiological, genetic and regional distribution properties that makes it unique by its natural behavior. OBJECTIVES To assess the expression pattern of LMP1 and p53 proteins in the different histological types of NPC in a sample of the Moroccan population and to define any association between the expression of those proteins with the sex, the age and the histological types of NPC. METHODS Archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded NPC biopsies were evaluated in 23 Moroccan patients for the presence of LMP1 and p53 using immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS No LMP1 expression was observed whereas 8 of 23 cases (34. 7%) had detectable p53 protein in the nuclei of tumor cells. After statistical analysis according to the Fisher's exact probability test, no significant association between p53 expression and histological type, age and sex distributions was demonstrated (p>0.05). CONCLUSION This study confirms that p53 overexpression is present in a subset of Moroccan NPC patients. Our results are consistent with those reported by other studies concerning the same NPC endemic risk area and provide original data concerning Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tabyaoui
- Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Morocco
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Chen Y, Yang L, Huang S, Li Z, Zhang L, He J, Xu Z, Liu L, Cao Y, Sun L. Delivery system for DNAzymes using arginine-modified hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for therapeutic application in a nasopharyngeal carcinoma model. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:3107-18. [PMID: 23983464 PMCID: PMC3747848 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s48321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DNAzymes are synthetic, single-stranded, catalytic nucleic acids that bind and cleave target mRNA in a sequence-specific manner, and have been explored for genotherapeutics. One bottleneck restricting their application is the lack of an efficient delivery system. As an inorganic nanomaterial with potentially wide application, nano-hydroxyapatite particles (nHAP) have attracted increasing attention as new candidates for nonviral vectors. In this study, we developed an nHAP-based delivery system and explored its cellular uptake mechanisms, intracellular localization, and biological effects. Absorption of arginine-modified nanohydroxyapatite particles (Arg-nHAP) and DZ1 (latent membrane protein 1 [LMP1]-targeted) reached nearly 100% efficiency under in vitro conditions. Using specific inhibitors, cellular uptake of the Arg-nHAP/DZ1 complex was shown to be mediated by the energy-dependent endocytosis pathway. Further, effective intracellular delivery and nuclear localization of the complex was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Biologically, the complex successfully downregulated the expression of LMP1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. In a mouse tumor xenograft model, the complex was shown to be delivered efficiently to tumor tissue, downregulating expression of LMP1 and suppressing tumor growth. These results suggest that Arg-nHAP may be an efficient vector for nucleic acid-based drugs with potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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Latent membrane protein 1 of Epstein-Barr virus sensitizes cancer cells to cisplatin by enhancing NF-κB p50 homodimer formation and downregulating NAPA expression. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1860-72. [PMID: 21945668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the oncogenic latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) of Epstein-Barr virus is involved in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and lymphoma. In previous studies, we found that expression of LMP1 was sufficient to transform BALB/c-3T3 cells. In contrast, other studies have shown that LMP1 induces apoptosis in a NF-κB-dependent manner and also inhibits the growth of tumors in mice, thereby indicating that LMP1 may produce various biological effects depending on the biological and cellular context. Still, the mechanism underlying the pro-apoptotic activity of LMP1 remains unclear. In the present study, we found that LMP1 inhibits the expression of NAPA, an endoplasmic reticulum SNARE protein that possesses anti-apoptotic properties against the DNA-damaging drug cisplatin. Accordingly, LMP1-transformed BALB/c-3T3 cells were sensitized to cisplatin-induced apoptosis, whereas no sensitization effect was noted following treatment with the mitotic spindle-damaging drugs vincristine and taxol. Knockdown of LMP1 with antisense oligonucleotides restored NAPA protein level and rendered the cells resistant to cisplatin. Similarly, overexpression of NAPA reduced the effect of LMP1 and induced resistance to cisplatin. LMP1 was shown to upregulate the NF-κB subunit p50, leading to formation of p50 homodimers on the NAPA promoter. These findings suggest that the viral protein LMP1 may sensitize cancer cells to cisplatin chemotherapy by downregulating NAPA and by enhancing the formation of p50 homodimers which in turn inhibit the expression of NF-κB regulated anti-apoptotic genes. These findings provide an explanatory mechanism for the pro-apoptotic activity of LMP1 as well as new therapeutic targets to control tumor growth.
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