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Adarsh Krishna TP, Ajeesh Krishna TP, Edachery B, Antony Ceasar S. Guggulsterone - a potent bioactive phytosteroid: synthesis, structural modification, and its improved bioactivities. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:55-69. [PMID: 38283224 PMCID: PMC10809385 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00432e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Guggulsterone is a phytosteroid derived from the oleo-gum resin of the critically endangered plant Commiphora wightii. This molecule has attracted increasing attention due to its excellent biochemistry potential and the compound has consequently been evaluated in clinical trials. With a low concentration in natural resources but wide medicinal and therapeutic value, chemists have developed several synthetic routes for guggulsterone starting from various steroid precursors. Moreover, numerous studies have attempted to modify its structure to improve the biological properties. Nowadays, green and sustainable chemistry has also attracted more attention for advanced chemical processes and reactions in steroid chemistry. The present review aimed to summarize the literature and provide an update about the improvements in the chemical synthesis and structural modification of guggulsterone from the view of green chemistry. Moreover, this review encompasses the improved activities of structurally modified guggulsterone derivatives. We expect that the information provided here will be useful to researchers working in this field and on this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Adarsh Krishna
- R & D Division, Sreedhareeyam Farmherbs India Pvt. Ltd Kerala 686 662 India
| | - T P Ajeesh Krishna
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences Kochi Kerala 683 104 India
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug-Design, Department of Bioscience, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences Kochi Kerala 683 104 India
| | - Baldev Edachery
- R & D Division, Sreedhareeyam Farmherbs India Pvt. Ltd Kerala 686 662 India
| | - S Antony Ceasar
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences Kochi Kerala 683 104 India
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug-Design, Department of Bioscience, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences Kochi Kerala 683 104 India
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Huang BB, Lei K, Zhong LR, Yang X, Yao ZJ. Unified Total Synthesis of Tetracyclic Diquinane Lycopodium Alkaloids (+)-Paniculatine, (-)-Magellanine, and (+)-Magellaninone. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8685-8696. [PMID: 35699523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A unified route for the total synthesis of three tetracyclic diquinane Lycopodium alkaloids (+)-paniculatine, (-)-magellanine, and (+)-magellaninone has been accomplished in 13-14 overall steps based on late-stage diverse transformations from an advanced tetracyclic common intermediate. In the established synthesis, quick formation of the two five-membered rings was efficiently achieved by an intramolecular reductive coupling of ketone-carbonyl and ester-carbonyl and an organocatalytic intramolecular Michael addition of aldehyde-derived enamine to an internal enone functionality with satisfactory redox and step economies and excellent stereoselectivities, providing the requisite tricyclic carbo-framework possessing multiple dense stereogenic centers, and an intramolecular reductive amination finally furnished the essential piperidine ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Bing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Kaiyu Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Lin-Rui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xiaoliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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Athawale PR, Zade VM, Rama Krishna G, Reddy DS. Tuning of α-Silyl Carbocation Reactivity into Enone Transposition: Application to the Synthesis of Peribysin D, E-Volkendousin, and E-Guggulsterone. Org Lett 2021; 23:6642-6647. [PMID: 34387997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A reliable method for enone transposition has been developed with the help of silyl group masking. Enantio-switching, substituent shuffling, and Z-selectivity are the highlights of the method. The developed method was applied for the first total synthesis of peribysin D along with its structural revision. Formal synthesis of E-guggulsterone and E-volkendousin was also claimed using a short sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh R Athawale
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vishal M Zade
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gamidi Rama Krishna
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - D Srinivasa Reddy
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.,CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
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Preethi L, Ganamurali N, Dhanasekaran D, Sabarathinam S. Therapeutic use of Guggulsterone in COVID-19 induced obesity (COVIBESITY) and significant role in immunomodulatory effect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 24:100346. [PMID: 33942025 PMCID: PMC8081575 DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2021.100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has emerged as a major cause of health crisis around the world. Psychosocial, Behavioral and metabolic changes especially weight gain, among variety of population was produced in this pandemic, through variety of mechanisms. Hyperlipidemia is one of the major issues that result in serious cardiovascular complications. Governmental strategies to minimize the spread of COVID-19 through closures, lockdowns, and alterations in social interaction have complicated weight management efforts. And immunity being the need of the hour has to be improved to prevent the infection. Guggulsterone (GS) isomers are major bioactive compounds present in Commiphora mukul and Commiphora wighti. Guggulsterone shows anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and appetite regulating activity due to its peculiar characteristics. On the basis of clinical evidence, Guggulsterone seems to possess good cholesterol lowering, appetite regulating as well as immunomodulatory activity which can be beneficial during the pandemic of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Preethi
- SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM IST, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nila Ganamurali
- SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM IST, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhivya Dhanasekaran
- SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM IST, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sarvesh Sabarathinam
- SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM IST, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Shao H, Fang K, Wang YP, Zhang XM, Ding TM, Zhang SY, Chen ZM, Tu YQ. Total Synthesis of Fawcettimine-Type Alkaloid, Lycojaponicumin A. Org Lett 2020; 22:3775-3779. [PMID: 32330061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The efficient total synthesis of lycojaponicumin A (1) has been accomplished for the first time. The remarkable features of this novel strategy include the following: (1) rapid construction of tricyclic intermediate 4 through a regio- and stereoselective semipinacol ring expansion, which simplified the construction of rings A and B of 1; (2) the subsequent regio- and stereoselective formation of the highly strained rings C-E of 1 through a tandem oxa-hetero [3 + 2] cycloaddition/N-cycloalkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China, 200240
| | - Kun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China, 730000
| | - Yun-Peng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China, 200240
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China, 730000
| | - Tong-Mei Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China, 200240
| | - Shu-Yu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China, 200240
| | - Zhi-Min Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China, 200240
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China, 200240.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China, 730000
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Synthesis of guggulsterone derivatives as potential anti-austerity agents against PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.126964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chin J, Hahn D, Won DH, Cho SJ, Kim KH, Ham J, Kang H. Regioselective Synthesis of the FXR Antagonist E
-Guggulsterone from Three Natural Steroids. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jungwook Chin
- New Drug Development Center; Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation; Daegu 41061 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyup Hahn
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Won
- Center for Marine Natural Products and Drug Discovery, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-747 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- New Drug Development Center; Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation; Daegu 41061 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- New Drug Development Center; Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation; Daegu 41061 Republic of Korea
| | - Jungyeob Ham
- Natural Constituents Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Gangneung Gangwon-do South Korea
| | - Heonjoong Kang
- Center for Marine Natural Products and Drug Discovery, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-747 Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Oceanography; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-747 Republic of Korea
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Gioiello A, Sardella R, Rosatelli E, Sadeghpour BM, Natalini B, Pellicciari R. Novel stereoselective synthesis and chromatographic evaluation of E-guggulsterone. Steroids 2012; 77:250-4. [PMID: 22155267 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new stereoselective synthesis of E-guggulsterone is described starting from androsten-3,17-dione. Protection of the ring A enonic system, followed by regioselective Wittig reaction and C-16 oxidation, affords E-guggulsterone in good yields and high stereoselectivity, making this approach easily accessible and scalable. Moreover, an original normal-phase HPLC method enabling the fast quantitation of the guggulsterone isomeric purity, combined with the suitability for sampling procedures, is detailed. The relying upon the cellulose-based Chiralpak IB column and the chloroform as the "non-standard" component of the eluent mixture, allows to get profitably high chromatographic performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antimo Gioiello
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Park HJ, Ham JY, Won DH, Chin JW, Kang HJ. Synthesis of an Unnatural Steroid as a Farnesoid X Receptor Antagonist. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.12.4165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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