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Toledo E, Félix C, Vicente TFL, Augusto A, Félix R, Toledo B, Silva J, Trindade C, Raimundo D, Lemos MFL. Seaweed Extracts to Control Postharvest Phytopathogenic Fungi in Rocha Pear. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020269. [PMID: 36836383 PMCID: PMC9967800 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections cause losses amounting to between 20 and 25% of the fruit industry's total outcome, with an escalating impact on agriculture in the last decades. As seaweeds have long demonstrated relevant antimicrobial properties against a wide variety of microorganisms, extracts from Asparagopsis armata, Codium sp., Fucus vesiculosus, and Sargassum muticum were used to find sustainable, ecofriendly, and safe solutions against Rocha pear postharvest fungal infections. Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, and Penicillium expansum mycelial growth and spore germination inhibition activities were tested in vitro with five different extracts of each seaweed (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, aqueous, ethanolic, and hydroethanolic). An in vivo assay was then performed using the aqueous extracts against B. cinerea and F. oxysporum in Rocha pear. The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanolic extracts from A. armata showed the best in vitro inhibitory activity against B. cinerea, F. oxysporum, and P. expansum, and promising in vivo results against B. cinerea using S. muticum aqueous extract were also found. The present work highlights the contribution of seaweeds to tackle agricultural problems, namely postharvest phytopathogenic fungal diseases, contributing to a greener and more sustainable bioeconomy from the sea to the farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloísa Toledo
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Carina Félix
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Tânia F. L. Vicente
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Augusto
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Rafael Félix
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Toledo
- Departamento de Ecología Integrativa, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joana Silva
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
| | | | | | - Marco F. L. Lemos
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Gazali M, Jolanda O, Husni A, Nurjanah, Majid FAA, Zuriat, Syafitri R. In Vitro α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Green Seaweed Halimeda tuna Extract from the Coast of Lhok Bubon, Aceh. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:393. [PMID: 36679105 PMCID: PMC9865045 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed belongs to marine biota and contains nutrients and secondary metabolites beneficial for health. This study aimed to determine the antidiabetic activity of extracts and fractions of green seaweed Halimeda tuna. The H. tuna sample was extracted with the maceration method using methanol and then partitioned using ethyl acetate and water to obtain ethyl acetate and water fractions. The methanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of H. tuna were tested for their inhibitory activity against α-amilase and α-glucosidase. The methanol extract and the fractions with the highest inhibitory activity were phytochemically tested and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction (IC50 = 0.88 ± 0.20 mg/mL) inhibited α-amylase relatively similar to acarbose (IC50 = 0.76 ± 0.04 mg/mL). The methanol extract (IC50 = 0.05 ± 0.01 mg/mL) and the ethyl acetate fraction (IC50 = 0.01 ± 0.00 mg/mL) demonstrated stronger inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase than acarbose (IC50 = 0.27 ± 0.13 mg/mL). Phytochemical testing showed that the methanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction contained secondary metabolites: alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and phenol hydroquinone. The compounds in methanol extract predicted to have inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase were Docosanol, Neophytadiene, Stigmasta-7,22-dien-3-ol,acetate,(3.beta.,5.alpha.,22E), Octadecanoic acid,2-oxo-,methyl ester, and phytol, while those in the ethyl acetate fraction were n-Nonadecane, Phytol, Butyl ester, 14-.Beta.-H-pregna, Octadecenoic acid, and Oleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Gazali
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Teuku Umar University, Aceh 23681, Indonesia
| | - Odi Jolanda
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Amir Husni
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nurjanah
- Department of Aquatic Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | | | - Zuriat
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Teuku Umar University, Aceh 23681, Indonesia
| | - Rina Syafitri
- Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Teuku Umar University, Aceh 23681, Indonesia
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Clementino LDC, Oda FB, Teixeira TR, Tavares RSN, Colepicolo P, Santos AGD, Debonsi HM, Graminha MAS. The antileishmanial activity of the antarctic brown alga Ascoseira mirabilis Skottsberg. Nat Prod Res 2021; 35:5470-5474. [PMID: 32567355 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1782403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases that have limited and high toxic therapeutic options. Herein, we evaluated the antileishmanial potential and cytotoxicity of hexanic extract obtained from the Antarctic brown alga Ascoseira mirabilis using bioguided fractionation against Leishmania amazonensis and murine macrophages, which was fractionated by SPE, yielding seven fractions (F1-F7). The fraction F6 showed good anti-amastigote activity (IC50 = 73.4 ± 0.4 μg mL-1) and low cytotoxicity (CC50 > 100 μg mL-1). Thus, in order to identify the bioactive constituent(s) of F6, the fraction was separated in a semipreparative HPLC, yielding four fractions (F6.1-F6.4). F6.2 was the most bioactive fraction (IC50 = 66.5 ± 4.5 μg mL-1) and GC-MS analyses revealed that the compounds octadecane, propanoic acid, 1-monomyristin and azelaic acid correspond to 61% of its composition. These data show for the first time the antileishmanial potential of the Antarctic alga A. mirabilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro da Costa Clementino
- Chemistry Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Fernando Bombarda Oda
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Thaiz Rodrigues Teixeira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Pio Colepicolo
- Chemistry Institute, São Paulo University (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Hosana Maria Debonsi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Márcia A S Graminha
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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Custódio L, Nafis A, El Khalloufi F, Aknaf A, Oudra B, Marraiki N, Al-Rashed S, Elgorban A, Syed A, Hassani L. In vitro antimicrobial and synergistic effect of essential oil from the red macroalgae Centroceras clavulatum (C. Agardh) Montagne with conventional antibiotics. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.321129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Anjali KP, Sangeetha BM, Devi G, Raghunathan R, Dutta S. Bioprospecting of seaweeds (Ulva lactuca and Stoechospermum marginatum): The compound characterization and functional applications in medicine-a comparative study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2019; 200:111622. [PMID: 31678034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds are considered to be one of the richest bio-reserves, comprising of numerous bioactive compounds with versatile properties and multiple activities. The present study examined the antibacterial activity of two types of seaweeds, Ulva lactuca (green) and Stoechospermum marginatum (brown) collected from Oman Coastal region against five multidrug-resistant bacteria. The aqueous extracts of the seaweeds showed better antibacterial activity compared to methanol extracts. The results of the antibacterial assay revealed the excellent inhibitory effects of U.lactuca with the maximum activity against E.coli(8 mm) followed by K.pneumonia(4 mm) and S.typhi(2 mm). S.marginatum formed a clear zone of inhibition only against E.coli(3 mm).The major phytochemical constituents identified in both the types of seaweeds were Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Saponins, Flavonoids, and Steroids. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results confirmed the presence of alcoholic/phenolic groups, and amide groups in the seaweed extracts. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results evidenced the presence of bioactive compounds such as 5-Octadecenal, 1-Tricosanol, Neophytadiene, Lactaropallidin, Phytol, Fenretinide, Lucenin, Vincadifformine in U.lactuca. Additionally, U.lactuca displayed better antioxidant activity (33.05%) in the DPPH free radical scavenging activity test compared to the S.marginatum (21.51%). Thus, the green seaweed U.lactuca could be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidant and antibacterial agents for food and pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Anjali
- National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - B M Sangeetha
- College of Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 2322, CPO Seeb 111, Al hail, Oman
| | - Geetha Devi
- College of Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 2322, CPO Seeb 111, Al hail, Oman
| | - R Raghunathan
- Center for Bioscience and Nanoscience Research, Tamil Nadu 21, India
| | - Susmita Dutta
- National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India.
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Faustino MV, Faustino MAF, Silva H, Cunha Â, Silva AMS, Pinto DCGA. Puccinellia maritima, Spartina maritime, and Spartina patens Halophytic Grasses: Characterization of Polyphenolic and Chlorophyll Profiles and Evaluation of Their Biological Activities. Molecules 2019; 24:E3796. [PMID: 31652513 PMCID: PMC6832526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Halophytic grasses have been recently targeted as possible sources of nutraceutical and medicinal compounds. Nonetheless, few studies have been conducted on the phytochemistry and biological activities of metabolites produced by these plants. Among these, Spartina maritima (Curtis) Fernald, Spartina patens (Aiton.) Muhl., and Puccinellia maritima (Hudson) Parl. are three halophytic grasses whose chemical composition and bioactivities are unknown. The present work broadens the knowledge on the polyphenolic and chlorophyll composition of these species identifying for the first time hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives, flavones, flavonols, lignans, as well as chlorophylls and xantophylls. The extracts were particularly rich in caffeic and ferulic acids as well as in trihydroxymethoxyflavone, apigenin and tricin derivatives. Interestingly, several of the identified compounds are relevant from a medicinal and nutraceutical point of view putting in evidence the potential of these species. Thus, the antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of the polyphenolic extracts were assessed as well as the photophysical properties of the chlorophyll-rich extracts. The results, herein presented for the first time, reinforce the nutritional and the medicinal potential of these halophytic grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Faustino
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria A F Faustino
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Helena Silva
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ângela Cunha
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Diana C G A Pinto
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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The first report on the in vitro antimicrobial activities of extracts of leaves of Ehretia serrata. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:1253-1261. [PMID: 31516355 PMCID: PMC6734136 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing resistance of infectious microbial organisms to the existing arsenal of antibiotic drugs is on the rise. There is a growing demand for the new antibiotics that are cost effective and easily available to the common people. In search of new antimicrobial entities, this report deals with the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the crude extracts of leaves of Ehretia Serrata. The methanolic extract and its sub-fractions namely n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and residual water fraction were screened against a range of 30 different bacterial strains and their zones of inhibition (ZI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were subsequently evaluated. Methanolic extract has shown activity against all the tested microorganisms such as Azospirillum lipoferum, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Enterococcus sp. with ZOI ranged from 10.3 to 29.0 mm. Moreover, the MIC values of methanolic extract and its sub-fractions against the tested bacteria ranged from 0.8 to 5.1 mg/mL. GC–MS analysis of sub-fractions revealed the presence of mono (2-ethylexyl) 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate, diisooctyl-1,2-benzenedicarboxylate, 3,5-dehydro-6-methoxypivalate-cholest-22-ene-21-ol, and 3,5-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzene-propanoic acid. This is the first report on the in vitro antimicrobial activities of leaves of E. Serrata.
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Žižková E, Kubeš M, Dobrev PI, Přibyl P, Šimura J, Zahajská L, Záveská Drábková L, Novák O, Motyka V. Control of cytokinin and auxin homeostasis in cyanobacteria and algae. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:151-166. [PMID: 27707748 PMCID: PMC5218379 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The metabolism of cytokinins (CKs) and auxins in vascular plants is relatively well understood, but data concerning their metabolic pathways in non-vascular plants are still rather rare. With the aim of filling this gap, 20 representatives of taxonomically major lineages of cyanobacteria and algae from Cyanophyceae, Xanthophyceae, Eustigmatophyceae, Porphyridiophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Ulvophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, Zygnematophyceae and Klebsormidiophyceae were analysed for endogenous profiles of CKs and auxins and some of them were used for studies of the metabolic fate of exogenously applied radiolabelled CK, [3H]trans-zeatin (transZ) and auxin ([3H]indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)), and the dynamics of endogenous CK and auxin pools during algal growth and cell division. METHODS Quantification of phytohormone levels was performed by high-performance or ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS, UHPLC-MS/MS). The dynamics of exogenously applied [3H]transZ and [3H]IAA in cell cultures were monitored by HPLC with on-line radioactivity detection. KEY RESULTS The comprehensive screen of selected cyanobacteria and algae for endogenous CKs revealed a predominance of bioactive and phosphate CK forms while O- and N-glucosides evidently did not contribute greatly to the total CK pool. The abundance of cis-zeatin-type CKs and occurrence of CK 2-methylthio derivatives pointed to the tRNA pathway as a substantial source of CKs. The importance of the tRNA biosynthetic pathway was proved by the detection of tRNA-bound CKs during the course of Scenedesmus obliquus growth. Among auxins, free IAA and its oxidation catabolite 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid represented the prevailing endogenous forms. After treatment with [3H]IAA, IAA-aspartate and indole-3-acetyl-1-glucosyl ester were detected as major auxin metabolites. Moreover, different dynamics of endogenous CKs and auxin profiles during S. obliquus culture clearly demonstrated diverse roles of both phytohormones in algal growth and cell division. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest the existence and functioning of a complex network of metabolic pathways and activity control of CKs and auxins in cyanobacteria and algae that apparently differ from those in vascular plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Žižková
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS, Rozvojová 263, CZ-165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kubeš
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS, Rozvojová 263, CZ-165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petre I Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS, Rozvojová 263, CZ-165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Přibyl
- Centre for Phycology and Biorefinery Research Centre of Competence, Institute of Botany CAS, Dukelská 135, CZ-379 82 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šimura
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Zahajská
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Záveská Drábková
- Department of Taxonomy and Biosystematics, Institute of Botany CAS, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany CAS, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Motyka
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS, Rozvojová 263, CZ-165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Andrade JMDM, Maurmann N, Pranke P, Turatti ICC, Lopes NP, Henriques AT. Identification of compounds from non-polar fractions of Blechnum spp and a multitarget approach involving enzymatic modulation and oxidative stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 69:89-98. [PMID: 27747875 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The hexane (HEX) and dichloromethane (DCM) fractions from Blechnum binervatum, Blechnum brasiliense and Blechnum occidentale were studied about phytochemicals and biological properties using multitarget approach. METHODS The chemical composition was performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS) analysis. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated against free radicals and on lipid peroxidation. Monoamine oxidases (MAO) and cholinesterases enzymatic modulation, as well as effects on rat and human cells, were assessed. KEY FINDINGS The CG-MS analysis allowed the identification of a non-polar compound series, being neophytadiene the major constituent in all DCM fractions and in HEX fractions from B. binervatum and B. occidentale. In B. brasiliense HEX fraction, β-sitosterol was the main compound. In general, B. brasiliense DCM fraction presented the highest antioxidant activity, with IC50 values around 9, 2 and 1.2 times lower than those found for the other species, against HO˙, NO˙ and on lipid peroxidation, respectively. Regarding enzyme modulations, B. brasiliense DCM fraction presented higher MAO-A inhibition (IC50 : 31.83 μg/ml), with a better selectivity index (SI MAO-A/MAO-B: 6.77). The lack of harmful effects was observed in rat cells, also highlighted in the stem cells for all Blechnum samples. CONCLUSION These findings encourage the search for multibinding natural products, mainly from B. brasiliense DCM fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Maria de Mello Andrade
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natasha Maurmann
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pranke
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Stem Cell Research Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amélia T Henriques
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Murugan K, Aruna P, Panneerselvam C, Madhiyazhagan P, Paulpandi M, Subramaniam J, Rajaganesh R, Wei H, Alsalhi MS, Devanesan S, Nicoletti M, Syuhei B, Canale A, Benelli G. Fighting arboviral diseases: low toxicity on mammalian cells, dengue growth inhibition (in vitro), and mosquitocidal activity of Centroceras clavulatum-synthesized silver nanoparticles. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:651-62. [PMID: 26462804 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4783-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has rapidly spread in all regions of the world in recent years. Female mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti, transmit dengue. Approximately 3,900 million people, in 128 countries, are at risk of dengue infection. Recently, a focus has been provided on the potential of green-synthesized nanoparticles as inhibitors of the production of dengue viral envelope (E) protein in Vero cells and downregulators of the expression of dengue viral E gene. Algae are an outstanding reservoir of novel compounds, which may help in the fight against mosquito-borne diseases. In this research, silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were rapidly synthesized using a cheap extract of the alga Centroceras clavulatum. AgNP were characterized by UV–vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In mosquitocidal assays, LC50 values of C. clavulatum extract against A. aegypti larvae and pupae were 269.361 ppm (larva I), 309.698 ppm (larva II), 348.325 ppm (larva III), 387.637 ppm (larva IV), and 446.262 ppm (pupa). C. clavulatum extract also exhibited moderate antioxidant activity, both in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assays. LC50 values of C. clavulatum-synthesized AgNP were 21.460 ppm (larva I), 23.579 ppm (larva II), 25.912 ppm (larva III), 29.155 ppm (larva IV), and 33.877 ppm (pupa). Furthermore, C. clavulatum-synthesized AgNP inhibited dengue (serotype dengue virus type-2 (DEN-2)) viral replication in Vero cells. Notably, 50 μg/ml of green-synthesized AgNP showed no cytotoxicity on Vero cells while reduced DEN-2 viral growth of more than 80%; 12.5 μg/ml inhibited viral growth of more than 50%. Cellular internalization assays highlighted that untreated infected cells showed high intensity of fluorescence emission, which denotes high level of viral internalization. Conversely, AgNP-treated infected cells showed reduced levels of fluorescence, failing to show significant viral load. Overall, our study showed that alga-mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles may be considered to develop newer, safer, and cheap tools in the fight against the dengue virus, serotype DEN-2, and its vector A. aegypti, with little cytotoxicity on mammalian cells.
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Boligon AA, Schwanz TG, Froeder ALF, Athayde ML. GC-MS Analysis of Dichloromethane Fractions of Scutia buxifolia Reissek Leaves and Stem Bark. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/rjphyto.2014.16.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bertin MJ, Moeller P, Guillette LJ, Chapman RW. Using machine learning tools to model complex toxic interactions with limited sampling regimes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:2728-2736. [PMID: 23402624 DOI: 10.1021/es3033549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A major impediment to understanding the impact of environmental stress, including toxins and other pollutants, on organisms, is that organisms are rarely challenged by one or a few stressors in natural systems. Thus, linking laboratory experiments that are limited by practical considerations to a few stressors and a few levels of these stressors to real world conditions is constrained. In addition, while the existence of complex interactions among stressors can be identified by current statistical methods, these methods do not provide a means to construct mathematical models of these interactions. In this paper, we offer a two-step process by which complex interactions of stressors on biological systems can be modeled in an experimental design that is within the limits of practicality. We begin with the notion that environment conditions circumscribe an n-dimensional hyperspace within which biological processes or end points are embedded. We then randomly sample this hyperspace to establish experimental conditions that span the range of the relevant parameters and conduct the experiment(s) based upon these selected conditions. Models of the complex interactions of the parameters are then extracted using machine learning tools, specifically artificial neural networks. This approach can rapidly generate highly accurate models of biological responses to complex interactions among environmentally relevant toxins, identify critical subspaces where nonlinear responses exist, and provide an expedient means of designing traditional experiments to test the impact of complex mixtures on biological responses. Further, this can be accomplished with an astonishingly small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Bertin
- MUSC/Marine Biomedicine & Environmental Sciences, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, USA
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