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Amtaghri S, Akdad M, Slaoui M, Eddouks M. Traditonal Uses, Pharmacological, and Phytochemical Studies of Euphorbia: a Review. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1553-1570. [PMID: 35838213 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220713143436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants of the genus Euphorbia have long been used as traditional medicine in China, Europe, America, Turkey, India, Africa, Iran, and Pakistan for their great medicinal value and health benefits. Their stems, leaves, roots, latex are widely used to treat respiratory infections, body and skin irritations, digestive disorders, inflammatory infections, body pain, snake or scorpion bites, pregnancy, sensory disturbances, microbial and anti-cancer diseases. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to provide updated information on the genus Euphorbia, including traditional medicinal uses, valuation and exploitation of medicinal plants, phytochemistry, botanical characterization, pharmacological and toxicological research focused on the medicinal properties of several Euphorbias in particular their antibacterial, anti-tumor, and cell manifestations, in addition to the effect of each isolated bioactive molecule from these species and their pharmacological use including preclinical evaluation of new drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS This work was conducted using scientific databases such as: PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, etc. In addition, ChemDraw software has been used for the drawing of chemical molecules. The correct names of the plants were confirmed from plantlist.org. The results of this review research were interpreted, analyzed and documented based on the bibliographical information obtained. RESULTS Among all the species of the Euphorbiaceae family, 15 species have been demonstrated to exhibit anticancer activity, 21 species have antibacterial activity and 10 species have cytotoxic activity. The majority of the chemical constituents of this plant include triterpenoid glycosides, diterpenoids, flavonoids, and the 4α-methyl steroids. Among them, the main bioactive constituents are present in the diterpenoid fraction. The study of more than 33 steroid plants identified more than 104 compounds. Pharmacological research proved that the crude extracts and some pure compounds obtained from Euphorbia had activities for the treatment of different diseases. The objective of the present study was focused on cytotoxic, antibacterial and antitumor diseases. The study of the phytochemistry of the Euphorbia families led to the conclusion that all the plants studied had active compounds, of which 27 plants characterized by their cytotoxic effects, 7 had antibacterial effects and 10 plants had anti-tumor activities. Therefore, the safety of Euphorbia herbal medicine should be considered a top priority in the early stages of development and clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS Many previous studies have validated many traditional uses of Euphorbia species. The latex of some Euphorbia species seems to be toxic however studies dealing with safety and quality of these species are still incomplete. Extensive studies are needed on the Euphorbia plants before it can be fully used in clinics as a potent drug candidate, as researchers are focusing mainly on diterpenoids and triterpenoids, while there are many other types of compounds that may possess new biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smail Amtaghri
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco.,Energy, materials and sustainable development (EMDD) Team- Higher School of Technology-SALE, Center for Water, Natural Resources Environment and Sustainable Development (CERNE2D), Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, Rabat 10000, Morocco
| | - Mourad Akdad
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco
| | - Miloudia Slaoui
- Energy, materials and sustainable development (EMDD) Team- Higher School of Technology-SALE, Center for Water, Natural Resources Environment and Sustainable Development (CERNE2D), Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, Rabat 10000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco
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Liao HR, Kao YY, Leu YL, Liu FC, Tseng CP. Larixol inhibits fMLP-induced superoxide anion production and chemotaxis by targeting the βγ subunit of Gi-protein of fMLP receptor in human neutrophils. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115091. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lan YH, Chen IH, Lu HH, Guo TJ, Hwang TL, Leu YL. Euphormins A and B, New Pyranocoumarin Derivatives from Euphorbia formosana Hayata, and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061885. [PMID: 35335252 PMCID: PMC8954059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Euphormin-A (1) and euphormin-B (2), two new pyranocoumarin derivatives, and forty known compounds (3–42) were isolated from Euphorbia formosana Hayata (Euphorbiaceae). The chemical structures of all compounds were established based on spectroscopic analyses. Several isolates were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity. Compounds 1, 2, 10, 18, 25, and 33 significantly inhibited against superoxide anion generation and elastase release by human neutrophils in response to formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). Furthermore, compounds 25 and 33 displayed the most potent effects with IC50 values of 0.68 ± 0.18 and 1.39 ± 0.12 µM, respectively, against superoxide anion generation when compared with the positive control (2.01 ± 0.06 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Lan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-L.L.); Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 5138) (Y.-H.L.); +886-3-2118800 (ext. 5524) (Y.-L.L.)
| | - I-Hsiao Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Science and Technology, I Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Hung Lu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (T.-J.G.); (T.-L.H.)
| | - Ting-Jing Guo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (T.-J.G.); (T.-L.H.)
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (T.-J.G.); (T.-L.H.)
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Healthy Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (T.-J.G.); (T.-L.H.)
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-L.L.); Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 5138) (Y.-H.L.); +886-3-2118800 (ext. 5524) (Y.-L.L.)
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Kemboi D, Siwe-Noundou X, Krause RWM, Langat MK, Tembu VJ. Euphorbia Diterpenes: An Update of Isolation, Structure, Pharmacological Activities and Structure-Activity Relationship. Molecules 2021; 26:5055. [PMID: 34443641 PMCID: PMC8399488 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Euphorbia species have a rich history of ethnomedicinal use and ethnopharmacological applications in drug discovery. This is due to the presence of a wide range of diterpenes exhibiting great structural diversity and pharmacological activities. As a result, Euphorbia diterpenes have remained the focus of drug discovery investigations from natural products. The current review documents over 350 diterpenes, isolated from Euphorbia species, their structures, classification, biosynthetic pathways, and their structure-activity relationships for the period covering 2013-2020. Among the isolated diterpenes, over 20 skeletal structures were identified. Lathyrane, jatrophane, ingenane, ingenol, and ingol were identified as the major diterpenes in most Euphorbia species. Most of the isolated diterpenes were evaluated for their cytotoxicity activities, multidrug resistance abilities, and inhibitory activities in vitro, and reported good activities with significant half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 10-50 µM. The lathyranes, isopimaranes, and jatrophanes diterpenes were further found to show potent inhibition of P-glycoprotein, which is known to confer drug resistance abilities in cells leading to decreased cytotoxic effects. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed the significance of a free hydroxyl group at position C-3 in enhancing the anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities and the negative effect it has in position C-2. Esterification of this functionality, in selected diterpenes, was found to enhance these activities. Thus, Euphorbia diterpenes offer a valuable source of lead compounds that could be investigated further as potential candidates for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Kemboi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa;
| | | | - Rui W. M. Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa;
| | - Moses K. Langat
- Jodrell Laboratory, Department of Unlocking Properties, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond TW9 3DS, UK;
| | - Vuyelwa Jacqueline Tembu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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Fais A, Delogu GL, Floris S, Era B, Medda R, Pintus F. Euphorbia characias: Phytochemistry and Biological Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1468. [PMID: 34371671 PMCID: PMC8309316 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to summarize all the compounds identified and characterized from Euphorbia characias, along with the biological activities reported for this plant. Euphorbia is one of the greatest genera in the spurge family of Euphorbiaceae and includes different kinds of plants characterized by the presence of milky latex. Among them, the species Euphorbia characias L. is an evergreen perennial shrub widely distributed in Mediterranean countries. E. characias latex and extracts from different parts of the plant have been extensively studied, leading to the identification of several chemical components such as terpenoids, sterol hydrocarbons, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, cerebrosides and phenolic and carboxylic acids. The biological properties range between antioxidant activities, antimicrobial, antiviral and pesticidal activities, wound-healing properties, anti-aging and hypoglycemic properties and inhibitory activities toward target enzymes related to different diseases, such as cholinesterases and xanthine oxidase. The information available in this review allows us to consider the plant E. characias as a potential source of compounds for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rosaria Medda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.F.); (G.L.D.); (S.F.); (B.E.); (F.P.)
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Lan YH, Yen CH, Leu YL. Chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Euphorbia formosana Hayata and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2019.103967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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NOTCH1 signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma via a TEL2/SERPINE1 axis. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6791-6804. [PMID: 31827722 PMCID: PMC6887571 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in the EGF-like ligand binding domain of NOTCH1 are a prominent feature of the mutational landscape of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we investigated NOTCH1 mutations in keratinocyte lines derived from OSCC biopsies that had been subjected to whole exome sequencing. One line, SJG6, was found to have truncating mutations in both NOTCH1 alleles, resulting in loss of NOTCH1 expression. Overexpression of the NOTCH1 intracellular domain (NICD) in SJG6 cells promoted cell adhesion and differentiation, while suppressing proliferation, migration and clonal growth, consistent with the previously reported tumour suppressive function of NOTCH1 in OSCC. Comparative gene expression profiling identified SERPINE1 as being downregulated on NICD overexpression and predicted an interaction between SERPINE1 and genes involved in cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, overexpression of NICD resulted in upregulation of ETV7/TEL2, which negatively regulates SERPINE1 expression. Knockdown of SERPINE1 phenocopied the effects of NICD overexpression in culture. Consistent with previous studies and our in vitro findings, there were inverse correlations between ETV7 and SERPINE1 expression and survival in OSCC primary tumours. Our results suggest that the tumour suppressive role of NOTCH1 in OSCC is mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of SERPINE1 via ETV7.
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Elshamy AI, Mohamed TA, Al-Rowaily SL, Abd-ElGawad AM, Dar BA, Shahat AA, Hegazy MEF. Euphosantianane E-G: Three New Premyrsinane Type Diterpenoids from Euphorbia sanctae-catharinae with Contribution to Chemotaxonomy. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132412. [PMID: 31261927 PMCID: PMC6651875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Euphorbia species were widely used in traditional medicines for the treatment of several diseases. From the aerial parts of Egyptian endemic plant, Euphorbia sanctae-catharinae, three new premyrsinane diterpenoids, namely, euphosantianane E-G (1-3), alongside four known triterpenes, 9,19-cyclolanostane-3β,24S-diol (4), 25-methoxycycloartane-3β,24S-diol (5), 25-methylenecycloartan-3β,24R-diol (6), and 25-methylenecycloartan-3β,24S-diol (7), were isolated and identified. The chemical structures were proven depending upon spectroscopic analysis, including FTIR, HRFABMS, and 1D/2D-NMR. The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated compounds, especially diterpenes from E. sanctae-catharinae compared to those documented from different Euphorbia species was also studied via agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). The Egyptian endemic Euphorbia sanctae-catharina was grouped with E. bupleuroides, E. fidjiana, E. fischeriana, E. pithyusa subsp. cupanii, E. prolifera, and E. seguieriana, where myrsinol diterpenoids were the characteristic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelsamed I Elshamy
- Natural Compounds Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 12622, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Tarik A Mohamed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Saud L Al-Rowaily
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Abd-ElGawad
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Basharat A Dar
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelaaty A Shahat
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed-Elamir F Hegazy
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Qu YB, Liao ZX, Liu C, Wang XZ, Zhang J. EFLDO induces apoptosis in hepatic cancer cells by caspase activation in vitro and suppresses tumor growth in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:407-416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Yang JL, Lien JC, Chen YY, Hsu SC, Chang SJ, Huang AC, Amagaya S, Funayana S, Wood WG, Kuo CL, Chung JG. Crude extract of Euphorbia formosana induces apoptosis of DU145 human prostate cancer cells acts through the caspase-dependent and independent signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1600-1611. [PMID: 26122529 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men and the second highest contributor of male cancer mortality. The crude extract of Euphorbia formosana (CEEF) has been used for treatment of different diseases but the cytotoxic effects of CEEF on human cancer cells have not been reported. The purpose of the present experiments was to determine effects of CEEF on cell cycle distribution and induction of apoptosis in DU145 human prostate cancer cells in vitro. Contrast-phase microscope was used for examining cell morphological changes. Flow cytometric assays were used for cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, and Ca2+ production and mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm ). Western blotting was used for examining protein expression of cell cycle and apoptosis associated proteins. Real-time PCR was used for examining mRNA levels of caspase-3, -8, and -9, AIF, and Endo G. Confocal laser microscope was used to examine the translocation of AIF, Endo G, and cytochrome in DU145 cells after CEEF exposure. CEEF-induced cell morphological changes, decreased the percentage of viable cells, and induced S phase arrest and apoptosis in DU145 cells. Furthermore, CEEF promoted RAS and Ca2+ production and reduced ΔΨm levels. Real-time QPCR confirmed that CEEF promoted the mRNA expression of caspase-3 and -9, AIF and Endo G and we found that AIF and Endo G and cytochrome c were released from mitochondria. Taken together, CEEF-induced cytotoxic effects via ROS production, induced S phase arrest and induction of apoptosis through caspase-dependent and independent and mitochondria-dependent pathways in DU245 cancer cells. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1600-1611, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Long Yang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yin Chen
- Department of Chinese-Western Medicine Integration, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jen Chang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Medicine Nursing and Management College, Yilan, 266, Taiwan
| | - Sakae Amagaya
- Department of Kampo Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinji Funayana
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - W Gibson Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
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Dal Piaz F, Vera Saltos MB, Franceschelli S, Forte G, Marzocco S, Tuccinardi T, Poli G, Nejad Ebrahimi S, Hamburger M, De Tommasi N, Braca A. Drug Affinity Responsive Target Stability (DARTS) Identifies Laurifolioside as a New Clathrin Heavy Chain Modulator. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2681-2692. [PMID: 27704815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Five new diterpenes (1-5) and a megastigmane derivative (6) were isolated from the aerial parts of Euphorbia laurifolia, along with several known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by NMR, MS, and ECD and by chemical methods. A chemical proteomics drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) approach to investigate the lathyrane diterpene 1, laurifolioside, on its putative cellular target(s) was performed. Clathrin heavy chain 1, a protein mainly involved in selective uptake of proteins, viruses, and other macromolecules at the plasma membrane of cells, was identified as the major interaction partner of compound 1. The modulation of clathrin activity by 1 was studied through microscopy, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics studies, suggesting a new activity of lathyrane diterpenes in the modulation of trafficking pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Mariela Beatriz Vera Saltos
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas , ESPE, Avenida General Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolqui, Ecuador
| | - Silvia Franceschelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Giovanni Forte
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Samad Nejad Ebrahimi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University , G. C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Vasas A, Hohmann J. Euphorbia Diterpenes: Isolation, Structure, Biological Activity, and Synthesis (2008–2012). Chem Rev 2014; 114:8579-612. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400541j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vasas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Yang JL, Lin JH, Weng SW, Chen JC, Yang JS, Amagaya S, Funayana S, Wood WG, Kuo CL, Chung JG. Crude extract of Euphorbia formosana inhibits the migration and invasion of DU145 human prostate cancer cells: The role of matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 inhibition via the MAPK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:1403-8. [PMID: 23525212 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a common worldwide health problem in males with a poor prognosis due in part to tumor invasion and migration. The crude extract of Euphorbia formosana (CEEF) has been used for the treatment of numerous diseases, however, its effects on the migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells have yet to be examined. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CEEF on the migration and invasion of DU145 human prostate cancer cells in vitro. The wound healing assay and the Matrigel-uncoated migration assay were used to examine the migration of cancer cells. Western blotting was used to examine the levels of proteins associated with migration and invasion, and gelatin zymography was used to examine the secretion levels of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 (MMP‑2/9) from DU145 cells following exposure to CEEF. The results indicated that CEEF suppressed the migration and invasion of DU145 prostate cancer cells and that these effects are exerted in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. CEEF inhibited the ERK1/2, p38, JNK, SOS1, PKC, PI3K and MMP-2/9 protein expression in DU145 cells. The results demonstrated that CEEF suppressed the migration and invasion of DU145 cells through inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway resulting in the inhibition of MMP-2/9 in DU145 human prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Long Yang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, and Department ofChinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC
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Hsieh YJ, Chang CJ, Wan CF, Chen CP, Chiu YH, Leu YL, Peng KC. Euphorbia formosana root extract induces apoptosis by caspase-dependent cell death via Fas and mitochondrial pathway in THP-1 human leukemic cells. Molecules 2013; 18:1949-62. [PMID: 23377135 PMCID: PMC6270470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18021949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a very rare type of cancer, generally affects patients over 50 years old. While clinical drugs to treat advanced stages of AML exist, the disease becomes increasingly resistant to therapies. Euphorbiaformosana Hayata (EF) is a native Taiwanese medicinal plant used to treat rheumatism, liver cirrhosis, herpes zoster, scabies, and photoaging, along with tumor suppression. However, the mechanisms by which it suppresses tumors have not been explored. Here, we provide molecular evidence that a hot-water extract of Euphorbiaformosana (EFW) selectively inhibited the growth of human leukemic cancer cells more than other solid human cancer cell lines. Most importantly, the plant extract had limited toxicity toward healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). After THP-1 leukemic cells were treated with 50–100 µg/mL EFW for one day, the S phase DNA content of the cells increased, while treatment with 200–400 µg/mL caused the cells to accumulate in the G0/G1 phase. Notably, EFW did not affect A-549 lung cancer cells. The effectiveness of EFW against THP-1 cells may be through caspase-dependent apoptosis in leukemic cells, which is mediated through the Fas and mitochondrial pathways. The potent antileukemic activity of EFW in vitro warrants further investigation of this plant to treat leukemias and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jen Hsieh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong-Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jui Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Feng Wan
- School of Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Piao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong-Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Han Chiu
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary’s Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Yi-Lan 26644, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.-L.L.); (K.-C.P.); Tel.: +886-3211-8800 (ext.5524) (Y.-L.L.); Fax: +886-3211-8236 (Y.-L.L.); Tel.: +886-3863-3635 (K.-C.P.); Fax: +886-3863-3630 (K.-C.P.)
| | - Kou-Cheng Peng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong-Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.-L.L.); (K.-C.P.); Tel.: +886-3211-8800 (ext.5524) (Y.-L.L.); Fax: +886-3211-8236 (Y.-L.L.); Tel.: +886-3863-3635 (K.-C.P.); Fax: +886-3863-3630 (K.-C.P.)
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