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Recent green synthetic approaches toward Ullmann reaction: a review. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rahman M, Ghosh S, Bhattacherjee D, Zyryanov GV, Bagdi AK, Hajra A. Recent Advances in Microwave‐assisted Cross‐Coupling Reactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matiur Rahman
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B N Yeltsin: Ural'skij federal'nyj universitet imeni pervogo Prezidenta Rossii B N El'cina Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | | | - Dhananjay Bhattacherjee
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B N Yeltsin: Ural'skij federal'nyj universitet imeni pervogo Prezidenta Rossii B N El'cina Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Grigory V. Zyryanov
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B N Yeltsin: Ural'skij federal'nyj universitet imeni pervogo Prezidenta Rossii B N El'cina Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | | | - Alakananda Hajra
- Visva-Bharati Chemistry Santiniketan Road 731235 Santiniketan, Bolpur INDIA
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Jacobson KA, IJzerman AP, Müller CE. Medicinal chemistry of P2 and adenosine receptors: Common scaffolds adapted for multiple targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 187:114311. [PMID: 33130128 PMCID: PMC8081756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prof. Geoffrey Burnstock originated the concept of purinergic signaling. He demonstrated the interactions and biological roles of ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y receptors. This review paper traces the historical origins of many currently used antagonists and agonists for P2 receptors, as well as adenosine receptors, in early attempts to identify ligands for these receptors - prior to the use of chemical libraries for screening. Rather than presenting a general review of current purinergic ligands, we focus on common chemical scaffolds (privileged scaffolds) that can be adapted for multiple receptor targets. By carefully analyzing the structure activity relationships, one can direct the selectivity of these scaffolds toward different receptor subtypes. For example, the weak and non-selective P2 antagonist reactive blue 2 (RB-2) was derivatized using combinatorial synthetic approaches, leading to the identification of selective P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y12 or P2X2 receptor antagonists. A P2X4 antagonist NC-2600 is in a clinical trial, and A3 adenosine agonists show promise, for chronic pain. P2X7 antagonists have been in clinical trials for depression (JNJ-54175446), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory pain and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). P2X3 antagonists are in clinical trials for chronic cough, and an antagonist named after Burnstock, gefapixant, is expected to be the first P2X3 antagonist filed for approval. We are seeing that the vision of Prof. Burnstock to use purinergic signaling modulators, most recently at P2XRs, for treating disease is coming to fruition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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Baqi Y, Müller CE. Antithrombotic P2Y 12 receptor antagonists: recent developments in drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2018; 24:325-333. [PMID: 30291899 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The P2Y12 receptor is one of eight known P2Y receptor subtypes, and belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. The P2Y12 receptor is highly expressed on blood platelets and in the brain. Potent, selective, peripherally acting antagonists for the P2Y12 receptor are used clinically as antithrombotic drugs. Several different scaffolds have been identified as P2Y12 receptor antagonists, including irreversibly acting thienotetrahydropyridines (prodrugs), and reversible competitive antagonists, including adenine nucleotide analogs, piperazinyl-glutamate-quinolines, -pyridines, and -pyrimidines, and anthraquinone derivatives. Here, we provide an overview of the different scaffolds that have been developed as P2Y12 receptor antagonists, some of which have become important therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younis Baqi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Postal Code 123, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Christa E Müller
- Pharma-Center Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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Rafehi M, Malik EM, Neumann A, Abdelrahman A, Hanck T, Namasivayam V, Müller CE, Baqi Y. Development of Potent and Selective Antagonists for the UTP-Activated P2Y 4 Receptor. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3020-3038. [PMID: 28306255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
P2Y4 is a Gq protein-coupled receptor activated by uridine-5'-triphosphate (UTP), which is widely expressed in the body, e.g., in intestine, heart, and brain. No selective P2Y4 receptor antagonist has been described so far. Therefore, we developed and optimized P2Y4 receptor antagonists based on an anthraquinone scaffold. Potency was assessed by a fluorescence-based assay measuring inhibition of UTP-induced intracellular calcium release in 1321N1 astrocytoma cells stably transfected with the human P2Y4 receptor. The most potent compound of the present series, sodium 1-amino-4-[4-(2,4-dimethylphenylthio)phenylamino]-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonate (PSB-16133, 61) exhibited an IC50 value of 233 nM, selectivity versus other P2Y receptor subtypes, and is thought to act as an allosteric antagonist. A receptor homology model was built and docking studies were performed to analyze ligand-receptor interactions. Compound 64 (PSB-1699, sodium 1-amino-4-[4-(3-pyridin-3-ylmethylthio)phenylamino]-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonate) represents the most selective P2Y4 receptor antagonist known to date. Compounds 61 and 64 are therefore anticipated to become useful tools for studying this scarcely investigated receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rafehi
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Enas M Malik
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Neumann
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Aliaa Abdelrahman
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Theodor Hanck
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Younis Baqi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sultan Qaboos University , PO Box 36, Postal Code 123, Muscat, Oman
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Baqi Y. Anthraquinones as a privileged scaffold in drug discovery targeting nucleotide-binding proteins. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1571-1577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Fiene A, Baqi Y, Malik EM, Newton P, Li W, Lee SY, Hartland EL, Müller CE. Inhibitors for the bacterial ectonucleotidase Lp1NTPDase from Legionella pneumophila. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4363-4371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Malik EM, Müller CE. Anthraquinones As Pharmacological Tools and Drugs. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:705-48. [PMID: 27111664 DOI: 10.1002/med.21391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anthraquinones (9,10-dioxoanthracenes) constitute an important class of natural and synthetic compounds with a wide range of applications. Besides their utilization as colorants, anthraquinone derivatives have been used since centuries for medical applications, for example, as laxatives and antimicrobial and antiinflammatory agents. Current therapeutic indications include constipation, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and cancer. Moreover, biologically active anthraquinones derived from Reactive Blue 2 have been utilized as valuable tool compounds for biochemical and pharmacological studies. They may serve as lead structures for the development of future drugs. However, the presence of the quinone moiety in the structure of anthraquinones raises safety concerns, and anthraquinone laxatives have therefore been under critical reassessment. This review article provides an overview of the chemistry, biology, and toxicology of anthraquinones focusing on their application as drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas M Malik
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121, Bonn, Germany
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Malik EM, Baqi Y, Müller CE. Syntheses of 2-substituted 1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinones (bromaminic acid analogues) - precursors for dyes and drugs. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:2326-33. [PMID: 26734081 PMCID: PMC4685860 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthraquinone (AQ) derivatives play a prominent role in medicine and also in textile industry. Bromaminic acid (1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid) is an important precursor for obtaining dyes as well as biologically active compounds through the replacement of the C4-bromo substituent with different (ar)alkylamino residues. Here we report methods for the synthesis of bromaminic acid analogues bearing different substituents at the 2-position of the anthraquinone core. 1-Aminoanthraquinone was converted to its 2-hydroxymethyl-substituted derivative which, under different reaction conditions, yielded the corresponding carbaldehyde, carboxylic acid, and nitrile derivatives. The latter was further reacted to obtain 1-amino-2-tetrazolylanthraquinone. Subsequent bromination using bromine in DMF led to the corresponding bromaminic acid derivatives in excellent isolated yields (>90%) and high purities. Alternatively, 1-amino-4-bromo-2-hydroxymethylanthraquinone could be directly converted to the desired 2-substituted bromaminic acid analogues in high yields (85-100%). We additionally report the preparation of bromaminic acid sodium salt and 1-amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone directly from 1-aminoanthraquinone in excellent yields (94-100%) and high purities. The synthesized brominated AQs are valuable precursors for the preparation of AQ drugs and dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas M Malik
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Younis Baqi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Postal Code 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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Islam RU, Taher A, Choudhary M, Siwal S, Mallick K. Polymer immobilized Cu(I) formation and azide-alkyne cycloaddition: A one pot reaction. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9632. [PMID: 25966018 PMCID: PMC4603298 DOI: 10.1038/srep09632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
During the polymerization of aniline using copper sulphate, act as an oxidizing
agent, the in-situ synthesized Cu(I) ion catalyzed the cyclo-addition between
azides and alkynes. This work represents the merging of two steps, synthesis of the
catalyst and application of the catalyst, in a one pot reaction. The elimination of
the separate catalyst synthesis step is economic in terms of cost and time. As
aniline was used as one of the reactant components so there is no requirement to use
additional base for this reaction that further eliminates the cost of the process.
Again, the catalyst can be readily recovered by filtration and efficiently used for
the several sets of reactions without any significant loss of catalytic
activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafique Ul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Post Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Abu Taher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Post Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Meenakshi Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Post Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Samarjeet Siwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Post Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kaushik Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Post Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Yang W, Wang Y, Lai A, Qiao JX, Wang TC, Hua J, Price LA, Shen H, Chen XQ, Wong P, Crain E, Watson C, Huang CS, Seiffert DA, Rehfuss R, Wexler RR, Lam PYS. Discovery of 4-aryl-7-hydroxyindoline-based P2Y1 antagonists as novel antiplatelet agents. J Med Chem 2014; 57:6150-64. [PMID: 24931384 DOI: 10.1021/jm5006226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-mediated platelet aggregation is signaled through two distinct G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) on the platelet surface: P2Y12 and P2Y1. Blocking P2Y12 receptor is a clinically well-validated strategy for antithrombotic therapy. P2Y1 antagonists have been shown to have the potential to provide equivalent antithrombotic efficacy as P2Y12 inhibitors with reduced bleeding in preclinical animal models. We have previously reported the discovery of a potent and orally bioavailable P2Y1 antagonist, 1. This paper describes further optimization of 1 by introducing 4-aryl groups at the hydroxylindoline in two series. In the neutral series, 10q was identified with excellent potency and desirable pharmacokinetic (PK) profile. It also demonstrated similar antithrombotic efficacy with less bleeding compared with the known P2Y12 antagonist prasugrel in rabbit efficacy/bleeding models. In the basic series, 20c (BMS-884775) was discovered with an improved PK and liability profile over 1. These results support P2Y1 antagonism as a promising new antiplatelet target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yang
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Discovery Biology, and §Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research , Post Office Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08643-5400, United States
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Qiao JX, Wang TC, Hiebert S, Hu CH, Schumacher WA, Spronk SA, Clark CG, Han Y, Hua J, Price LA, Shen H, Chacko SA, Everlof G, Bostwick JS, Steinbacher TE, Li YX, Huang CS, Seiffert DA, Rehfuss R, Wexler RR, Lam PYS. 4-Benzothiazole-7-hydroxyindolinyl diaryl ureas are potent P2Y1 antagonists with favorable pharmacokinetics: low clearance and small volume of distribution. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:2327-43. [PMID: 24989964 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Current antithrombotic discovery efforts target compounds that are highly efficacious in thrombus reduction with less bleeding liability than the standard of care. Preclinical data suggest that P2Y1 antagonists may have lower bleeding liabilities than P2Y12 antagonists while providing similar antithrombotic efficacy. This article describes our continuous SAR efforts in a series of 7-hydroxyindolinyl diaryl ureas. When dosed orally, 4-trifluoromethyl-7-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylindolinyl analogue 4 was highly efficacious in a model of arterial thrombosis in rats with limited bleeding. The chemically labile CF3 group in 4 was then transformed to various groups via a novel one-step synthesis, yielding a series of potent P2Y1 antagonists. Among them, the 4-benzothiazole-substituted indolines had desirable PK properties in rats, specifically, low clearance and small volume of distribution. In addition, compound 40 had high i.v. exposure and modest bioavailability, giving it the best overall profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer X Qiao
- Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Rt. 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543 (USA).
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Qiao JX, Wang TC, Ruel R, Thibeault C, L'Heureux A, Schumacher WA, Spronk SA, Hiebert S, Bouthillier G, Lloyd J, Pi Z, Schnur DM, Abell LM, Hua J, Price LA, Liu E, Wu Q, Steinbacher TE, Bostwick JS, Chang M, Zheng J, Gao Q, Ma B, McDonnell PA, Huang CS, Rehfuss R, Wexler RR, Lam PYS. Conformationally constrained ortho-anilino diaryl ureas: discovery of 1-(2-(1'-neopentylspiro[indoline-3,4'-piperidine]-1-yl)phenyl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)urea, a potent, selective, and bioavailable P2Y1 antagonist. J Med Chem 2013; 56:9275-95. [PMID: 24164581 DOI: 10.1021/jm4013906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical antithrombotic efficacy and bleeding models have demonstrated that P2Y1 antagonists are efficacious as antiplatelet agents and may offer a safety advantage over P2Y12 antagonists in terms of reduced bleeding liabilities. In this article, we describe the structural modification of the tert-butyl phenoxy portion of lead compound 1 and the subsequent discovery of a novel series of conformationally constrained ortho-anilino diaryl ureas. In particular, spiropiperidine indoline-substituted diaryl ureas are described as potent, orally bioavailable small-molecule P2Y1 antagonists with improved activity in functional assays and improved oral bioavailability in rats. Homology modeling and rat PK/PD studies on benchmark compound 3l will also be presented. Compound 3l was our first P2Y1 antagonist to demonstrate a robust oral antithrombotic effect with mild bleeding liability in the rat thrombosis and hemostasis models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer X Qiao
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
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Lin H, Sun D. RECENT SYNTHETIC DEVELOPMENTS AND APPLICATIONS OF THE ULLMANN REACTION. A REVIEW. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2013; 45. [PMID: 24223434 DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2013.816208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
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