1
|
Shari K, Mohamed OG, Meselhy KM, Tripathi A, Khaleel AE, Abdel-Sattar E, Gedaily RAE. Cytotoxic and antiviral activities of Jatropha variegata and Jatropha spinosa in relation to their metabolite profile. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4846. [PMID: 38418513 PMCID: PMC10902333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Jatropha variegata and Jatropha spinosa (family: Euphorbiaceae) are utilized in Yemeni traditional medicine to treat respiratory tract infection and in different skin conditions such as wound healing, as antibacterial and hemostatic. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity and the antiviral activities of the methanolic J. variegata (leaves: Ext-1, stems: Ext-2, and roots: Ext-3), and J. spinosa extracts (aerial parts: Ext-4 and roots: Ext-5), in addition to their methylene chloride fractions of roots extracts (F-6 and F-7, respectively). All samples were tested against three human cancer cell lines in vitro (MCF-7, HepG2, and A549) and two viruses (HSV-2 and H1N1). Both plants showed significant cytotoxicity, among them, the methylene chloride fractions of roots of J. variegata (F-6) and J. spinosa roots (F-7) showed the highest activity on MCF-7 (IC50 = 1.4 and 1 μg/mL), HepG2 (IC50 = 0.64 and 0.24 μg/mL), and A549 (IC50 = 0.7 and 0.5 μg/mL), respectively, whereas the IC50 values of the standard doxorubicin were (3.83, 4.73, and 4.57 μg/mL) against MCF-7, HepG2, and A549, respectively. These results revealed that the roots of both plants are potential targets for cytotoxic activities. The in vitro results revealed potential antiviral activity for each of Ext-3, Ext-5, F-6, and F-7 against HVS-2 with IC50 of 101.23, 68.83, 4.88, 3.24 μg/mL and against H1N1 with IC50 of 51.29, 27.92, 4.24, and 3.06 μg/mL respectively, whereas the IC50 value of the standard acyclovir against HVS-2 was 83.19 μg/mL and IC50 value of the standard ribavirin against H1N1 was 52.40 μg/mL .The methanol extracts of the roots (Ext-3 and Ext-5) of both plants were characterized using UPLC/MS. A total of 73 metabolites were annotated, including fourteen diterpenoids, eleven flavonoids, ten phenolic acid conjugates, twelve fatty acids and their conjugates, five triterpenes and steroids, two sesquiterpenes, and six coumarins. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activities determined in the present work are explained by the existence of flavonoids, coumarins and diterpenes with commonly known cytotoxicity and antiviral activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khawlah Shari
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Osama G Mohamed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Khaled M Meselhy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Ashootosh Tripathi
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Amal E Khaleel
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Essam Abdel-Sattar
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Rania A El Gedaily
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Boutoub O, Jadhav S, Zheng X, El Ghadraoui L, Al Babili S, Fernie AR, Figueiredo AC, Miguel MG, Borghi M. Biochemical characterization of Euphorbia resinifera floral cyathia. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 293:154184. [PMID: 38295538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Euphorbia resinifera O. Berg is a plant endemic to the Northern and Central regions of Morocco known since the ancient Roman and Greek times for secreting a poisonous latex containing resiniferatoxin. However, E. resinifera pseudo-inflorescences called cyathia are devoid of laticifers and, therefore, do not secrete latex. Instead, they exudate nectar that local honey bees collect and craft into honey. Honey and cyathium water extracts find a broad range of applications in the traditional medicine of Northern Africa as ointments and water decoctions. Moreover, E. resinifera monofloral honey has received the Protected Geographic Indication certification for its outstanding qualities. Given the relevance of E. resinifera cyathia for bee nutrition, honey production, and the health benefit of cyathium-derived products, this study aimed to screen metabolites synthesized and accumulated in its pseudo-inflorescences. Our analyses revealed that E. resinifera cyathia accumulate primary metabolites in considerable abundance, including hexoses, amino acids and vitamins that honey bees may collect from nectar and craft into honey. Cyathia also synthesize volatile organic compounds of the class of benzenoids and terpenes, which are emitted by flowers pollinated by honey bees and bumblebees. Many specialized metabolites, including carotenoids, flavonoids, and polyamines, were also detected, which, while protecting the reproductive organs against abiotic stresses, also confer antioxidant properties to water decoctions. In conclusion, our analyses revealed that E. resinifera cyathia are a great source of antioxidant molecules and a good food source for the local foraging honeybees, revealing the central role of the flowers from this species in mediating interactions with local pollinators and the conferral of medicinal properties to plant extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oumaima Boutoub
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84321-5305, USA; Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, BP 2202, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez, 20000, Morocco
| | - Sagar Jadhav
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84321-5305, USA
| | - Xiongjie Zheng
- The Bioactives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullahuniversity of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lahsen El Ghadraoui
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, BP 2202, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez, 20000, Morocco
| | - Salim Al Babili
- The Bioactives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullahuniversity of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Ana Cristina Figueiredo
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar Lisboa (CESAM Ciências), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Biotecnologia Vegetal (BV), DBV, C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Graça Miguel
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Monica Borghi
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84321-5305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for the Biosynthesis of α-Copaene from Glucose. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
4
|
Shahin SM, Jaleel A, Alyafei MAM. The Essential Oil-Bearing Plants in the United Arab Emirates (UAE): An Overview. Molecules 2021; 26:6486. [PMID: 34770890 PMCID: PMC8587291 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential Oils (EOs) are expensive hydrocarbons produced exclusively by specific species in the plant kingdom. Their applications have deep roots in traditional herbal medicine, which lacks scientific evidence. Nowadays, more than ever, there is a growing global interest in research-based discoveries that maintain and promote health conditions. Consequently, EOs became a much attractive topic for both research and industry, with revenues reaching billions of dollars annually. In this work, we provide key guidance to all essential oil-bearing plants growing in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The comprehensive data were collected following an extensive, up-to-date literature review. The results identified 137 plant species, including indigenous and naturalized ones, in the UAE, citing over 180 published research articles. The general overview included plant botanical names, synonyms, common names (Arabic and English), families and taxonomic authority. The study acts as a baseline and accelerator for research, industry and discoveries in multiple disciplines relying on essential oil-bearing plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Marwan Shahin
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.M.S.); (A.J.)
- Research and Development Head, Umm Al Quwain University, Umm Al Quwain 536, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdul Jaleel
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.M.S.); (A.J.)
| | - Mohammed Abdul Muhsen Alyafei
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.M.S.); (A.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aslantürk ÖS, Yılmaz EŞ, Aşkın Çelik T, Güzel Y. Evaluation of the antioxidant and cytotoxic potency of Euphorbia rigida and Arbutus andrachne methanol extracts in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines in vitro. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-021-00143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Ethnobotanical studies on plants and their active compounds take a great interest in traditional medicine. After pharmacological and toxicological studies, there will be a possibility to be used in therapy. This study aimed to examine the in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the methanol extracts of Arbutus andrachne L. and Euphorbia rigida M.Bieb. 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 µg mL−1 concentrations of A. andrachne and E. rigida were tested for antioxidant activity by using DPPH radical scavenging assays, total antioxidant capacity (phosphomolybdate assay) and and metal ion chelating activity. In addition, in vitro cytotoxic effects of this plants methanol extracts on Hep3B and HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines were evaluated at 24, 48 and 72 h. The cytotoxicity test was carried using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay.
Results
Methanol extract obtained from both plants showed increased antioxidant activity depending on the increase in concentration. When A. andrachne and E. rigida methanol extracts were compared in free DPPH scavenging activity, total antioxidant capacity and metal ion chelating activity, A. andrachne methanol extract was found more effective than E. rigida. Results from MTT assay revealed that except for 72 h treatment of HepG2 cells with 400 and 500 µgmL−1 extract concentrations, A. andrachne methanol extract did not show significant cytotoxic effects on either Hep3B or HepG2 cells at any concentration and treatment time. On the contrary, it significantly increased proliferation in Hep3B cells from 48 h and at a concentration of 100 µg mL−1. E. rigida methanol extract exhibited statistically significant cytotoxic activity on HepG2 cells after 48 and 72 h treatment. However, the treatment concentrations of E. rigida methanol extract were not as effective on Hep3B cells as on HepG2 cells.
Conclusions
According to our findings, it was determined that A. andrachne methanol extract did not have cytotoxic activity on neither Hep3B nor HepG2 cells, while E. rigida methanol extract had cytotoxic activity especially on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Further research is needed to identify and purify the active ingredients in E. rigida extracts.
Collapse
|
6
|
Iskandar B, Lukman A, Syaputra S, Al-Abrori UN, Surboyo MD, Lee CK. Formulation, characteristics and anti-bacterial effects of Euphorbia hirta L. mouthwash. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2021; 17:271-282. [PMID: 35592805 PMCID: PMC9073867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benni Iskandar
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
- Corresponding address: School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Anita Lukman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
| | - Sandika Syaputra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
| | - Ucy N.H. Al-Abrori
- Bachelor of Dental Science Degree, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
| | | | - Ching-Kuo Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sinan KI, Etienne OK, Stefanucci A, Mollica A, Mahomoodally MF, Jugreet S, Rocchetti G, Lucini L, Aktumsek A, Montesano D, Ak G, Zengin G. Chemodiversity and biological activity of essential oils from three species from the
Euphorbia
genus. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ouattara Katinan Etienne
- Laboratoire de Botanique UFR Biosciences Universite Felix Houphouet‐Boigny Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Azzurra Stefanucci
- Department of Pharmacy University 'G. d’Annunzio' of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy University 'G. d’Annunzio' of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicines and Health Sciences University of MauritiusRéduit Mauritius
| | - Sharmeen Jugreet
- Department of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicines and Health Sciences University of MauritiusRéduit Mauritius
| | - Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Piacenza Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Piacenza Italy
| | | | - Domenico Montesano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Food Science and Nutrition Section University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - Gunes Ak
- Department of Biology Science Faculty Selcuk Universtiy Konya Turkey
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology Science Faculty Selcuk Universtiy Konya Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rajani P, Rajasekaran C, Vasanthakumari MM, Olsson SB, Ravikanth G, Uma Shaanker R. Inhibition of plant pathogenic fungi by endophytic Trichoderma spp. through mycoparasitism and volatile organic compounds. Microbiol Res 2020; 242:126595. [PMID: 33017769 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Antagonism of plant pathogenic fungi by endophytic fungi is a well-known phenomenon. In plate assays, the antagonism could be due to mycoparasitism, competition for space or antibiosis, involving a chemical diffusate, or a volatile organic compound (VOC). In this study, we demonstrate that besides mycoparasitism, VOCs play a major role in antagonism of pathogenic fungi by four endophytic fungi belonging to the genus Trichoderma. Using a double-plate assay, we show that all the four endophytic Trichoderma species significantly inhibited mycelial growth of three of the four pathogens, (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum-TSS, Sclerotium rolfsii-CSR and Fusarium oxysporum-CFO), while that of Macrophomina phaseolina-CMP was not affected. GC-MS analysis of the pure cultures of one of the endophytic fungi studied, namely, Trichoderma longibrachiatum strain 2 (Acc. No. MK751758) and the pathogens, F. oxysporum-CFO and M. phaseolina-CMP revealed the presence of several VOCs including hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, acids, ethers and different classes of terpenes. In mixed double plates, where the endophyte was grown along with either of the two plant pathogens, F. oxysporum-CFO or M. phaseolina-CMP, there was an induction of a number of new VOCs that were not detected in the pure cultures of either the endophyte or the pathogens. Several of these new VOCs are reported to possess antifungal and cytotoxic activity. We discuss these results and highlight the importance of such interactions in endophyte-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Rajani
- School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, 560065, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - C Rajasekaran
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
| | - M M Vasanthakumari
- School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Shannon B Olsson
- Naturalist-Inspired Chemical Ecology, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - G Ravikanth
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - R Uma Shaanker
- School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, 560065, India; Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bengaluru, 560064, India; Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kumari M, Pandey S, Mishra SK, Giri VP, Agarwal L, Dwivedi S, Pandey AK, Nautiyal CS, Mishra A. Omics-Based Mechanistic Insight Into the Role of Bioengineered Nanoparticles for Biotic Stress Amelioration by Modulating Plant Metabolic Pathways. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:242. [PMID: 32363178 PMCID: PMC7180193 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioengineered silver nanoparticles can emerge as a facile approach to combat plant pathogen, reducing the use of pesticides in an eco-friendly manner. The plants' response during tripartite interaction of plant, pathogen, and nanoparticles remains largely unknown. This study demonstrated the use of bioengineered silver nanoparticles in combating black spot disease caused by necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola in Arabidopsis thaliana via foliar spray. The particles reduced disease severity by 70-80% at 5 μg/ml without showing phytotoxicity. It elicited plant immunity by a significant reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreases in stress enzymes by 0.6-19.8-fold, and emergence of autophagy. Comparative plant proteomics revealed 599 proteins expressed during the interaction, where 117 differential proteins were identified. Among different categories, proteins involved in bioenergy and metabolism were most abundant (44%), followed by proteins involved in plant defense (20%). Metabolic profiling by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy yielded 39 metabolite derivatives in non-polar fraction and 25 in the polar fraction of plant extracts. It was observed that proteins involved in protein biogenesis and early plant defense were overexpressed to produce abundant antimicrobial metabolites and minimize ROS production. Bioengineered silver nanoparticles performed dual functions to combat pathogen attack by killing plant pathogen and eliciting immunity by altering plant defense proteome and metabolome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhuree Kumari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shipra Pandey
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shashank Kumar Mishra
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ved Prakash Giri
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow, India
| | - Lalit Agarwal
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Department of Agriculture and Allied Sciences, Doon Business School, Dehradun, India
| | - Sanjay Dwivedi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | - Aradhana Mishra
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Hulls of Prunus dulcis Nuts. Int J Anal Chem 2019; 2019:5861692. [PMID: 31885592 PMCID: PMC6893272 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5861692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers have shown that the almond hulls, normally wasted after utilization of nuts, contain a number of biologically active compounds based on which the present study has been carried out. Focus is placed on the mass spectrometric determination of the analytes along with the estimation of total polyphenolic and total flavonoid contents in the 70% ethanol extract. After partitioning the 70% ethanol extract in hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water, all the extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities. The results delivered total polyphenolic compounds as gallic acid equivalents (1% w/w) of the dried extract and total flavonoid contents as quercetin equivalents (0.2% w/w) of the dried extract. Mass spectrometric analysis resulted in the identification of 15 compounds containing various derivatives of (epi)catechin, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, isorhamnetin and their glycosides, ursolic acid, amygdalactone, and benzoic acid derivatives. Antioxidant activity experiments showed that highest activity was found in n-butanol extract among the studied samples with IC50 value as 76.04 μg/ml, while hexane and chloroform extracts were active against the PTP1B enzyme with IC50 values 9.66 μg/ml and 37.95 μg/ml, respectively. Hexane and chloroform fractions were active against Staphylococcus aureus with the zone of inhibition diameter 9 mm and 12 mm, respectively.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mentana A, Camele I, Mang SM, De Benedetto GE, Frisullo S, Centonze D. Volatolomics approach by HS-SPME-GC-MS and multivariate analysis to discriminate olive tree varieties infected by Xylella fastidiosa. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2019; 30:623-634. [PMID: 31020714 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a pathogenic bacterium that causes diseases in olive trees. Therefore, analytical methods for both the characterisation of the host/pathogen interaction and infection monitoring are needed. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted by plants relate to their physiological state, therefore VOCs monitoring can assist in detecting stress or infection states before visible signs are present. OBJECTIVE In this work, the headspace-solid phase microextraction-gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) technique was used for the first time to highlight VOCs differences between healthy and Xf-infected olive trees. METHODOLOGY VOCs from olive tree twig samples were extracted and analysed by HS-SPME-GC-MS, and hence identified by comparing the experimental linear retention indexes with the reference values and by MS data obtained from NIST library. Data were processed by principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS The HS-SPME step was optimised in terms of adsorbent phase and extraction time. HS-SPME-GC-MS technique was applied to the extraction and analysis of VOCs of healthy and Xf-infected olive trees. More than 100 compounds were identified and the differences between samples were evidenced by the multivariate analysis approach. The results showed the marked presence of methyl esters in Xf-infected samples, suggesting their probable involvement in the mechanism of diffusible signal factor. CONCLUSION The proposed approach represents an easy and solvent-free method to evaluate the presence of Xf in olive trees, and to evidence volatiles produced by host/pathogen interactions that could be involved in the defensive mechanism of the olive tree and/or in the infective action of Xf.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Mentana
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Via Napoli, Foggia, Italy
| | - Ippolito Camele
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, Potenza, Italy
| | - Stefania M Mang
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Frisullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Via Napoli, Foggia, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Via Napoli, Foggia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Euphorbia-Derived Natural Products with Potential for Use in Health Maintenance. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080337. [PMID: 31382529 PMCID: PMC6723572 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Euphorbia genus (Euphorbiaceae family), which is the third largest genus of angiosperm plants comprising ca. 2000 recognized species, is used all over the world in traditional medicine, especially in the traditional Chinese medicine. Members of this taxa are promptly recognizable by their specialized inflorescences and latex. In this review, an overview of Euphorbia-derived natural products such as essential oils, extracts, and pure compounds, active in a broad range of biological activities, and with potential usages in health maintenance, is described. The chemical composition of essential oils from Euphorbia species revealed the presence of more than 80 phytochemicals, mainly oxygenated sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons, while Euphorbia extracts contain secondary metabolites such as sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, sterols, flavonoids, and other polyphenols. The extracts and secondary metabolites from Euphorbia plants may act as active principles of medicines for the treatment of many human ailments, mainly inflammation, cancer, and microbial infections. Besides, Euphorbia-derived products have great potential as a source of bioactive extracts and pure compounds, which can be used to promote longevity with more health.
Collapse
|
13
|
Elshamy AI, Abd‐ElGawad AM, El Gendy AEG, Assaeed AM. Chemical Characterization of
Euphorbia heterophylla
L. Essential Oils and Their Antioxidant Activity and Allelopathic Potential on
Cenchrus echinatus
L. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900051. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelsamed I. Elshamy
- Department of Natural Compounds ChemistryNational Research Center 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesTokushima Bunri University Yamashiro-cho Tokushima 770-8514 Japan
| | - Ahmed M. Abd‐ElGawad
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture SciencesKing Saud University P.O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
- Department of BotanyFaculty of ScienceMansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Abd El‐Nasser G. El Gendy
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research DepartmentNational Research Center 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz M. Assaeed
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture SciencesKing Saud University P.O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dursun A, Güler Z, Özkan D, Bozdoğan Konuşkan D. Identification of Volatile Compounds (VCs) in the Leaves Collected from ‘Gemlik’, ‘Halhalı’ and ‘Sarı Hasebi’ Olive Tree Varieties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2017. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.370128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
|
15
|
Acorenone B: AChE and BChE Inhibitor as a Major Compound of the Essential Oil Distilled from the Ecuadorian Species Niphogeton dissecta (Benth.) J.F. Macbr. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10040084. [PMID: 29088082 PMCID: PMC5748641 DOI: 10.3390/ph10040084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the chemical composition, physical proprieties, biological activity, and enantiomeric analysis of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Niphogeton dissecta (culantrillo del cerro) from Ecuador, obtained by steam distillation. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the essential oil was realized by gas chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques (GC-MS and GC-FID). Acorenone B was identified by GC-MS and NMR experiments. The enantiomeric distribution of some constituents has been assessed by enantio-GC through the use of a chiral cyclodextrin-based capillary column. We identified 41 components that accounted for 96.46% of the total analyzed, the major components were acorenone B (41.01%) and (E)-β-ocimene (29.64%). The enantiomeric ratio of (+)/(−)-β-pinene was 86.9:13.1, while the one of (+)/(−)-sabinene was 80.9:19.1. The essential oil showed a weak inhibitory activity, expressed as Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), against Enterococcus faecalis (MIC 10 mg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 5 mg/mL). Furthermore, it inhibited butyrylcholinesterase with an IC50 value of 11.5 μg/mL. Pure acorenone B showed inhibitory activity against both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, with IC50 values of 40.8 μg/mL and 10.9 μg/mL, respectively.
Collapse
|
16
|
Euphorbia umbellata bark extracts – an in vitro cytotoxic study. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
17
|
Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Essential Oil from Premna microphylla Turczaninow. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030381. [PMID: 28264507 PMCID: PMC6155397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Premna microphylla Turczaninow, an erect shrub, was widely used in Chinese traditional medicine to treat dysentery, appendicitis, and infections. In this study, the essential oil from P. microphylla Turcz. was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC (Gas Chromatography) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer). Fifty-six compounds were identified in the oil which comprised about 97.2% of the total composition of the oil. Major components of the oil were blumenol C (49.7%), β-cedrene (6.1%), limonene (3.8%), α-guaiene (3.3%), cryptone (3.1%), and α-cyperone (2.7%). Furthermore, we assessed the in vitro biological activities displayed by the oil obtained from the aerial parts of P. microphylla, namely the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. For this, the IC50 value was estimated to be 0.451 mg/mL. The essential oil of P. microphylla exhibited considerable antibacterial capacity against Escherichia coli with an MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) value of 0.15 mg/mL, along with noticeable antibacterial ability against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with an MIC value of 0.27 mg/mL. However, the essential oil did not show significant activity against fungus. The oil was tested for its cytotoxic activity towards HepG2 (liver hepatocellular cells) and MCF-7 Cells (human breast adenocarcinoma cell line) using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide) assay, and exerted cytotoxic activity with an IC50 of 0.072 and 0.188 mg/mL for 72 h. In conclusion, the essential oil from P. microphylla is an inexpensive but favorable resource with strong antibacterial capacity as well as cytotoxic activity. Thus, it has the potential for utilization in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
|
18
|
Malhadas C, Malheiro R, Pereira JA, de Pinho PG, Baptista P. Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi from olive tree leaves. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:46. [PMID: 28168624 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the antimicrobial potential of three fungal endophytes from leaves of Olea europaea L. was evaluated and the host plant extract effect in the antimicrobial activity was examined. The volatile compounds produced by endophytes were identified by GC/MS and further correlated with the antimicrobial activity. In potato dextrose agar, both Penicillium commune and Penicillium canescens were the most effective inhibiting Gram-positive and -negative bacteria (up to 2.7-fold compared to 30 µg/mL chloramphenicol), whereas Alternaria alternata was most effective inhibiting yeasts (up to 8.0-fold compared to 25 μg/mL fluconazole). The presence of aqueous leaf extract in culture medium showed to induce or repress the antimicrobial activity, depending on the endophytic species. In the next step, various organic extracts from both A. alternata mycelium and cultured broth were prepared; being ethyl acetate extracts displayed the widest spectrum of anti-microorganisms at a minimum inhibitory concentration ≤0.095 mg/mL. The volatile composition of the fungi that displayed the highest (A. alternata) and the lowest (P. canescens) antimicrobial activity against yeasts revealed the presence of six volatiles, being the most abundant components (3-methyl-1-butanol and phenylethyl alcohol) ascribed with antimicrobial potentialities. Overall the results highlighted for the first time the antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi from O. europaea and the possibility to be exploited for their antimicrobial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Malhadas
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Malheiro
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal
| | - José Alberto Pereira
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes de Pinho
- REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Baptista
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ahmed HH, Abd-Rabou AA, Hassan AZ, Kotob SE. Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-cancer Investigation of Boswellia serrata Bioactive Constituents In Vitro. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:7179-88. [PMID: 26514509 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.16.7179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major health obstacle around the world, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) as major causes of morbidity and mortality. Nowadays, there isgrowing interest in the therapeutic use of natural products for HCC and CRC, owing to the anticancer activity of their bioactive constituents. Boswellia serrata oleo gum resin has long been used in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine to alleviate a variety of health problems such as inflammatory and arthritic diseases. The current study aimed to identify and explore the in vitro anticancer effect of B. Serrata bioactive constituents on HepG2 and HCT 116 cell lines. Phytochemical analysis of volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin was carried out using gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Oleo-gum-resin of B. Serrata was then successively extracted with petroleum ether (extract 1) and methanol (extract 2). Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis of the lipoidal matter was also performed. In addition, a methanol extract of B. Serrata oleo gum resin was phytochemically studied using column chromatography (CC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) to obtain four fractions (I, II, III and IV). Sephadex columns were used to isolate β-boswellic acid and identification of the pure compound was done using UV, mass spectra, 1H NMR and 13C NMR analysis. Total extracts, fractions and volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo-gum resin were subsequently applied to HCC cells (HepG2 cell line) and CRC cells (HCT 116 cell line) to assess their cytotoxic effects. GLC analysis of the lipoidal matter resulted in identification of tricosane (75.32%) as a major compound with the presence of cholesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol. Twenty two fatty acids were identified of which saturated fatty acids represented 25.6% and unsaturated fatty acids 74.4% of the total saponifiable fraction. GC/MS analysis of three chromatographic fractions (I,II and III) of B. Serrata oleo gum resin revealed the presence of pent-2-ene-1,4-dione, 2-methyl- levulinic acid methyl ester, 3,5- dimethyl- 1- hexane, methyl-1-methylpentadecanoate, 1,1- dimethoxy cyclohexane, 1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)benzene and 17a-hydroxy-17a-cyano, preg-4-en-3-one. GC/MS analysis of volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin revealed the presence of sabinene (19.11%), terpinen-4-ol (14.64%) and terpinyl acetate (13.01%) as major constituents. The anti-cancer effect of two extracts (1 and 2) and four fractions (I, II, III and IV) as well as volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin on HepG2 and HCT 116 cell lines was investigated using SRB assay. Regarding HepG2 cell line, extracts 1 and 2 elicited the most pronounced cytotoxic activity with IC50 values equal 1.58 and 5.82 μg/mL at 48 h, respectively which were comparable to doxorubicin with an IC50 equal 4.68 μg/mL at 48 h. With respect to HCT 116 cells, extracts 1 and 2 exhibited the most obvious cytotoxic effect; with IC50 values equal 0.12 and 6.59 μg/mL at 48 h, respectively which were comparable to 5-fluorouracil with an IC50 equal 3.43 μg/ mL at 48 h. In conclusion, total extracts, fractions and volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin proved their usefulness as cytotoxic mediators against HepG2 and HCT 116 cell lines with different potentiality (extracts > fractions > volatile oil). In the two studied cell lines the cytotoxic acivity of each of extract 1 and 2 was comparable to doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil, respectively. Extensive in vivo research is warranted to explore the precise molecular mechanisms of these bioactive natural products in cytotoxicity against HCC and CRC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa H Ahmed
- Hormones Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt E-mail :
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Biological Activities of Aerial Parts Extracts of Euphorbia characias. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1538703. [PMID: 27314007 PMCID: PMC4895043 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1538703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-HIV, and cholinesterase inhibitory activities of aqueous and alcoholic extracts from leaves, stems, and flowers of Euphorbia characias. The extracts showed a high antioxidant activity and were a good source of total polyphenols and flavonoids. Ethanolic extracts from leaves and flowers displayed the highest inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, showing potential properties against Alzheimer's disease. Antimicrobial assay showed that leaves and flowers extracts were active against all Gram-positive bacteria tested. The ethanolic leaves extract appeared to have the strongest antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus with MIC value of 312.5 μg/mL followed by Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus that also exhibited good sensitivity with MIC values of 1250 μg/mL. Moreover, all the extracts possessed anti-HIV activity. The ethanolic flower extract was the most potent inhibitor of HIV-1 RT DNA polymerase RNA-dependent and Ribonuclease H with IC50 values of 0.26 and 0.33 μg/mL, respectively. The LC-DAD metabolic profile showed that ethanolic leaves extract contains high levels of quercetin derivatives. This study suggests that Euphorbia characias extracts represent a good source of natural bioactive compounds which could be useful for pharmaceutical application as well as in food system for the prevention of the growth of food-borne bacteria and to extend the shelf-life of processed foods.
Collapse
|
21
|
Luz LEC, Kanunfre CC, Paludo KS, da Silva Justo A, Petry VK, Lemes BM, Barison A, Nepel A, Wang M, Avula B, Khan IA, Beltrame FL. Cytotoxic biomonitored study of Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 183:29-37. [PMID: 26906968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Euphorbia umbellata latex (sap) has normally been used in folk medicine in southern Brazil to treat different types of cancers. AIM OF STUDY To carry out a biomonitored investigation of partitioned latex using in vitro assay, to identify the main mechanisms related with the action of the most active fraction as well as to develop a phytochemical study with this material. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biological screening was performed with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions from the latex of E. umbellata using MTT, trypan blue, and neutral red assays to determine the cytotoxicity against HRT-18, HeLa and Jurkat cells and flow cytometry, DNA quantification, acridine orange and Hoechst 33342 staining to investigate mechanisms of action for the hexane extract. The phytochemical study of the hexane fraction was performed by chromatographic procedures and the substances were identified by NMR analysis. The isolated terpenes were evaluated using MTT to determine the cytotoxicity against Jurkat cells. RESULTS All the fractions presented concentration and time dependent cytotoxicity. The hexane fraction showed the highest cytotoxicity; whereas the Jurkat cell was the lineage with the highest sensitivity (IC50 1.87µg/mL). Fragmentation of DNA and apoptosis are two mechanisms related with the toxicity of hexane fraction. The hexane fraction arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, and the selectivity index was 4.30. Phytochemical study of the hexane fraction led to isolation of euphol (main compound) and germanicol acetate. Both substances demonstrated some slight cytotoxic activity against Jurkat cells after 72h; however the activity was minimal compared to vincristine (anticancer standard drug). CONCLUSION The current research proves that the fractions of the latex from E. umbellata have a cytotoxic effect against three different cancer cells lines. The hexane fraction showed high in vitro cytotoxic effects against Jurkat cells demonstrating that the effect may be due to non-polar constituents. The two isolated terpenes (euphol and germanicol acetate) showed poor cytotoxic activity indicating that the anticancer properties of the extract may be caused by other substances present in the hexane fraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Eidam Camargo Luz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Katia Sabrina Paludo
- Department of General Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Aline da Silva Justo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Victor Kubaski Petry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Mikulis Lemes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Andersson Barison
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Centre, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Angelita Nepel
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Centre, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Mei Wang
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Ikhlas Ahmad Khan
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Flávio Luís Beltrame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gao J, Chen QB, Liu YQ, Xin XL, Yili A, Aisa HA. Diterpenoid constituents of Euphorbia macrorrhiza. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 122:246-253. [PMID: 26706317 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ten diterpenoids, named macrorilone A-B, macroripremyrsinone A, macrorilathyrone A-B, macrorieuphorone A-B and macroricasbalone A-C, together with ten known diterpenoids, jatrophalone, sikkimenoids A-D, jatrophodione A, latilagascenes F, jolkinol B, 15β-O-benzoyl-5α-hydroxyisolathyrol and jatrophalactone were isolated from the whole plant of Euphorbia macrorrhiza C.A. Mey. These diterpenoids belong to six skeleton-types, including jatropholane, premyrsinane, lathyrane, euphoractin, casbene and rhamnofolane diterpenoids. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of 1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of macrorilone B, macroripremyrsinone A and macrorilathyrone A were established by comparing their experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Several of the isolated compounds exhibited weak cytotoxicity against the KB and KBv200 cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 21.19 to 47.87μM. Some also showed multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal activity, among which macrorilathyrone B exhibited a remarkable inhibitory effect on P-gp-mediated drug exclusion.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/drug effects
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Diterpenes/chemistry
- Diterpenes/isolation & purification
- Diterpenes/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Euphorbia/chemistry
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Molecular Structure
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Plant Roots/chemistry
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China; State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PR China
| | - Qi-Bin Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China; State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PR China
| | - Yong-Qiang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China; State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China
| | - Xue-Lei Xin
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China; State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China
| | - Ablimiti Yili
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China; State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China; State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim TH, Yoo SD, Lee HS, Lee KM, Seok SH, Kim MG, Jung BH, Kim MG, Shin BS. In vivo absorption and disposition of α-cedrene, a sesquiterpene constituent of cedarwood oil, in female and male rats. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2015; 30:168-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
24
|
Antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing effect of essential oil extracted from Cyrtomium fortumei (J.) Smith leaves. Med Chem Res 2015; 24:1644-1652. [PMID: 32214767 PMCID: PMC7079878 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyrtomium fortumei (J.) Smith is an endemic species in China, which has been proved to be an important Chinese herbal medicine. However, chemical composition and bioactivity of essential oil (EO) of C. fortumei (J.) Smith leaves remain unclear. In present study, we isolated EO from the plant by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction assay (SFE-CO2), and investigated on cancer cells MGC-803, MCF-7, BGC-823, Bcap-37, A375, and A549 in vitro by MTT assay. 26 compounds were identified by GC–MS analysis, and the EO showed significant antitumor activities against MGC-803, Bcap-37, and A549 cancer cell lines (IC50 values ranging from 0.15 to 0.24 mg/mL), and the activities of its main component were also studied. Subsequent fluorescence staining and flow cytometry analysis indicated that the EO could induce apoptosis in MGC-803, Bcap-37, and A549 cell lines, and the apoptosis ratios reached 26.44 % after 48 h of treatment at 0.15 mg/mL in MGC-803 cells. Caspase 3 activity in MGC-803 cells was also determined when the cells treated with the oil, and the activity of caspase 3 enzyme was increased compared to the control. This study suggests that the EO isolated from C. fortumei (J.) Smith could inhibit the growth of human carcinoma cells, and it could induce apoptosis of cancer cells.
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Ertas A, Yilmaz MA, Firat M. Chemical profile by LC-MS/MS, GC/MS and antioxidant activities of the essential oils and crude extracts of two Euphorbia species. Nat Prod Res 2014; 29:529-34. [PMID: 25184782 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.954113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to investigate the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of two Euphorbia species. The major component of the fatty acid compositions obtained from the petroleum ether extracts was identified as palmitic acid for Euphorbia gaillardotii and Euphorbia macroclada. The main constituents of the essential oils were identified as arachidic acid for E. gaillardotii and tetratetracontane for E. macroclada. Among the 27 studied compounds, hesperidin, rutin, hyperoside and quinic, malic, gallic and tannic acids were found to be the most abundant compounds in the two Euphorbia species. The methanol extracts of E. gaillardotii and E. macroclada showed strong antioxidant activity in all tested methods. Particularly, IC50 values of E. macroclada methanol extract that was the richest in terms of total phenolic-flavonoid contents were found to be lower than α-tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene in β-carotene bleaching, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free and ABTS cation radical scavenging methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulselam Ertas
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University , 21280 Diyarbakir , Turkey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Study on the mechanism of intestinal absorption of epimedins a, B and C in the Caco-2 cell model. Molecules 2014; 19:686-98. [PMID: 24402200 PMCID: PMC6270917 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19010686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epimedium spp. is commonly used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Epimedins A, B, and C are three major bioactive flavonoids found in Epimedium spp. that share similar chemical structures. In this study, the intestinal absorption mechanism of these three compounds was investigated using the Caco-2 cell monolayer model in both the apical-to-basolateral (A-B) and the basolateral-to-apical (B-A) direction. The absorption permeability (PAB) of epimedins A, B, and C were extremely low and increased as the concentration of the epimedins increased from 5 to 20 μM, but, at 40 μM, the PAB values were reduced. Meanwhile, the amount of transported compounds increased in a time-dependent manner. The PAB of epimedins A and C were significantly increased and efflux ratios decreased in the presence of verapamil (an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein) and dipyridamole (an inhibitor of breast cancer resistance protein) while, in the presence of MK571 (an inhibitor of multidrug resistance proteins), the absorption of epimedins A and C did not change significantly, indicating that P-gp and BCRP might be involved in the transport of epimedins A and C. The PAB of epimedin B significantly increased while its secretory permeability (PBA) significantly decreased in the presence of dipyridamole, indicating that BCRP might be involved in the transport of epimedin B. No obvious changes in the transport of epimedin B were observed in the presence of verapamil and MK571. In summary, our results clearly demonstrate, for the first time, that poor bioavailability of these three prenylated flavonoids is the result of poor intrinsic permeability and efflux by apical efflux transporters.
Collapse
|
28
|
Jiang JL, Su X, Ding HT, Zhou PP, Han SN, Yuan YJ. A Novel Approach to Evaluate the Quality and Identify the Active Compounds of the Essential Oil fromCurcuma longaL. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.755690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
29
|
Afzal A, Oriqat G, Akram Khan M, Jose J, Afzal M. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Terpenoids fromCurcumaand Related Species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/22311866.2013.782757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
30
|
Cui L, Sun E, Zhang ZH, Tan XB, Wei YJ, Jin X, Jia XB. Enhancement of epimedium fried with suet oil based on in vivo formation of self-assembled flavonoid compound nanomicelles. Molecules 2012; 17:12984-96. [PMID: 23117437 PMCID: PMC6268372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171112984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to research the enhancement of Epimedium fried with suet oil based on the in vivo formation self-assembled flavonoid nanomicelles. Taking icariin as the representative, under the action of suet oil, self-assembled nanomicelles were prepared under simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions and were characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The experiments with icariin self-assembled nanomicelles without suet oil were done according to the above. The influence of suet oil on the transportation of icariin across Caco-2 cell monolayers and the absorption in rat intestine of self-assembled nanomicelles were evaluated. The particle size of icariin self-assembled nanomicelles with suet oil was smaller than without suet oil. The nanomicelles seemed to be monodisperse spherical particle with smooth surfaces. The icariin entrapment efficiency of self-assembled nanomicelles with suet oil was increased from 43.1% to 89.7%. In Caco-2 cell monolayers, the absorptive permeability, secretory permeability and efflux ratio of icariin self-assembled nanomicelles with suet oil was 1.26 × 10−6 cm/s, 5.91 × 10−6 cm/s and 4.69, respectively, while that of icariin self-assembled nanomicelles without suet oil was 0.62 × 10−6 cm/s, 3.00 × 10−6 cm/s, and 4.84, respectively. In rat intestinal perfusion experiments, the permeability coefficient of icariin self-assembled nanomicelles with suet oil in duodenum was higher than the value of icariin self-assembled nanomicelles without suet oil (p < 0.05). With the action of suet oil, icariin self-assembled nanomicelles were more stable and the entrapment efficiency was higher than that without suet oil, which could increase the solubility of icariin and improve its intestinal absorption. Therefore, suet oil plays a role in its enhancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Cui
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China; (L.C.); (E.S.); (Z.-H.Z.); (X.-B.T.); (Y.-J.S.); (X.J.)
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China
| | - E Sun
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China; (L.C.); (E.S.); (Z.-H.Z.); (X.-B.T.); (Y.-J.S.); (X.J.)
| | - Zhen-Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China; (L.C.); (E.S.); (Z.-H.Z.); (X.-B.T.); (Y.-J.S.); (X.J.)
| | - Xiao-Bin Tan
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China; (L.C.); (E.S.); (Z.-H.Z.); (X.-B.T.); (Y.-J.S.); (X.J.)
| | - Ying-Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China; (L.C.); (E.S.); (Z.-H.Z.); (X.-B.T.); (Y.-J.S.); (X.J.)
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China; (L.C.); (E.S.); (Z.-H.Z.); (X.-B.T.); (Y.-J.S.); (X.J.)
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Jia
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China; (L.C.); (E.S.); (Z.-H.Z.); (X.-B.T.); (Y.-J.S.); (X.J.)
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|