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Gill MSA, Azzman N, Hassan SS, Shah SAA, Ahemad N. A green and efficient synthetic methodology towards the synthesis of 1-allyl-6-chloro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives. BMC Chem 2022; 16:111. [PMID: 36482476 PMCID: PMC9733071 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinolone is a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry and 4-Quinolone-3-Carboxamides have been reported to harbor vast therapeutic potential. However, conversion of N-1 substituted 4-Quinolone 3-Carboxylate to its corresponding carbamates is highly restrictive. This motivated us to adopt a much simpler, scalable and efficient methodology for the synthesis of highly pure N-1 substituted 4- Quinolone-3-Carboxamides with excellent yields. Our adopted methodology not only provides a robust pathway for the convenient synthesis of N-1 substituted 4- Quinolone-3-Carboxamides which can then be explored for their therapeutic potential, this may also be adaptable for the derivatization of other such less reactive carboxylate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib Ali Gill
- grid.440425.30000 0004 1798 0746School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor DE Malaysia ,grid.412967.f0000 0004 0609 0799Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Syed Abdul Qadir Jillani, Out Fall Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nursyuhada Azzman
- grid.440425.30000 0004 1798 0746School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor DE Malaysia ,grid.412259.90000 0001 2161 1343Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang Kampus Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Syed Hassan
- grid.440425.30000 0004 1798 0746Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- grid.412259.90000 0001 2161 1343Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Nafees Ahemad
- grid.440425.30000 0004 1798 0746School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor DE Malaysia ,grid.440425.30000 0004 1798 0746Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor DE Malaysia
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2
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Shinde Y, Ahmad I, Surana S, Patel H. The Mur Enzymes Chink in the Armour of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 222:113568. [PMID: 34118719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
TUBERCULOSIS: (TB) transmitted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the top 10 causes of death globally. Currently, the widespread occurrence of resistance toward Mtb strains is becoming a significant concern to public health. This scenario exaggerated the need for the discovery of novel targets and their inhibitors. Targeting the "Mtb cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis" is an attractive strategy to overcome drug resistance. Mur enzymes (MurA-MurF) play essential roles in the peptidoglycan synthesis by catalyzing the ligation of key amino acid residues to the stem peptide. These enzymes are unique and confined to the eubacteria and are absent in humans, representing potential targets for anti-tubercular drug discovery. Mtb Mur ligases with the same catalytic mechanism share conserved amino acid regions and structural features that can conceivably exploit for the designing of the inhibitors, which can simultaneously target more than one isoforms (MurC-MurF) of the enzyme. In light of these findings in the current review, we have discussed the recent advances in medicinal chemistry of Mtb Mur enzymes (MurA-MurF) and their inhibitors, offering attractive multi-targeted strategies to combat the problem of drug-resistant in M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashodeep Shinde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, District Dhule, 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, District Dhule, 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Surana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, District Dhule, 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harun Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, District Dhule, 425405, Maharashtra, India.
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3
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Singh G, Devi V, Monga V. Recent Developments in the Synthetic Strategies of 4‐Quinolones and Its Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy GT Road Moga 142001 Punjab India
| | - Varsha Devi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy GT Road Moga 142001 Punjab India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy GT Road Moga 142001 Punjab India
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4
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MurE inhibitors as antibacterial agents: a review. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-020-01018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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Singh P, Kaur N, Banerjee P. Regioselective Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Annulation of Cyclopropane Aldehydes with N'-Aryl Anthranil Hydrazides: Domino Construction of Tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2- a]quinazolin-5(1 H)ones. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3393-3406. [PMID: 31958951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly regioselective synthesis of tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]quinazolin-5(1H)one derivatives was achieved by reacting cyclopropane aldehydes with N'-aryl anthranil hydrazides in the presence of p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA). The transformation involves domino imine formation and intramolecular cyclization to form 2-arylcyclopropyl-2,3-dihydroquinolin-4(1H)-one, followed by nucleophilic ring opening of the cyclopropyl ring to form desired tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]quinazolin-5(1H)one in good to excellent yield with complete regioselectivity. This protocol tolerates a great variety of functional groups and thus provides a simple and step-efficient method for pyrroloquinazolinone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Navpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Prabal Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
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6
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Shantharjun B, Rajeswari R, Vani D, Unnava R, Sridhar B, Reddy KR. Metal‐Free, One‐Pot Oxidative Triple Functionalization of Azaarenes with Methyl Arenes Mediated by Molecular Iodine/TBHP: Synthesis of N‐Benzylated Iodo(iso)quinolinones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bangarigalla Shantharjun
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals DivisionCSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka Hyderabad- 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research New Delhi- 110025 India
| | - Radhakrishnan Rajeswari
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals DivisionCSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka Hyderabad- 500007 India
| | - Damera Vani
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals DivisionCSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka Hyderabad- 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research New Delhi- 110025 India
| | - Ramanjaneyulu Unnava
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals DivisionCSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka Hyderabad- 500007 India
| | - Balasubramanian Sridhar
- X-ray Crystallography DivisionCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka, Hyderabad- 500007 India
| | - Kallu Rajender Reddy
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals DivisionCSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka Hyderabad- 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research New Delhi- 110025 India
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7
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Szamosvári D, Sylvester K, Schmid P, Lu KY, Derbyshire ER, Böttcher T. Close the ring to break the cycle: tandem quinolone-alkyne-cyclisation gives access to tricyclic pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinolin-5-ones with potent anti-protozoal activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7009-7012. [PMID: 31119221 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01689a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Expanding the chemical space of quinolones led to a tandem quinolone-alkyne-cyclisation reaction allowing chemoselective control of the synthesis of tricyclic pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinolin-5-ones. Importantly, we discovered anti-protozoal activity against Plasmodium and Toxoplasma with specific potency of one of the compounds against the liver stage of the malaria parasite in the nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Szamosvári
- Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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9
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Gao F, Wang P, Yang H, Miao Q, Ma L, Lu G. Recent developments of quinolone-based derivatives and their activities against Escherichia coli. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:1223-1248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Gao C, Fan YL, Zhao F, Ren QC, Wu X, Chang L, Gao F. Quinolone derivatives and their activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:1081-1095. [PMID: 30179746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most common pathogen both in hospital and community settings, and is capable of causing serious and even fatal infections. Several antibiotics have been approved for the treatment of infections caused by MRSA, but MRSA has already developed resistance to them. More than ever, it's imperative to develop novel, high effective and fast acting anti-MRSA agents. Quinolones are one of the most common antibiotics in clinical practice used to treat various bacterial infections, and some of them displayed excellent in vitro and in vivo anti-MRSA activities, so quinolone derivatives are one of the most promising candidates. This review summarizes the recent developments of quinolone derivatives with potential activity against MRSA, and the structure-activity relationship is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Gao
- WuXi AppTec (Wuhan), Hubei, PR China
| | - Yi-Lei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Feng Zhao
- WuXi AppTec (Wuhan), Hubei, PR China
| | | | - Xiang Wu
- WuXi AppTec (Wuhan), Hubei, PR China.
| | - Le Chang
- WuXi AppTec (Wuhan), Hubei, PR China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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11
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Development of a one-pot assay for screening and identification of Mur pathway inhibitors in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35134. [PMID: 27734910 PMCID: PMC5062083 DOI: 10.1038/srep35134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) consists of peptidoglycan, arabinogalactan and mycolic acids. The cytoplasmic steps in the peptidoglycan biosynthetic pathway, catalyzed by the Mur (A-F) enzymes, involve the synthesis of UDP-n-acetylmuramyl pentapeptide, a key precursor molecule required for the formation of the peptidoglycan monomeric building blocks. Mur enzymes are indispensable for cell integrity and their lack of counterparts in eukaryotes suggests them to be promising Mtb drug targets. However, the caveat is that most of the current assays utilize a single Mur enzyme, thereby identifying inhibitors against only one of the enzymes. Here, we report development of a one-pot assay that reconstructs the entire Mtb Mur pathway in vitro and has the advantage of eliminating the requirement for nucleotide intermediates in the pathway as substrates. The MurA-MurF enzymes were purified and a one-pot assay was developed through optimization of successive coupled enzyme assays using UDP-n-acetylglucosamine as the initial sugar substrate. The assay is biochemically characterized and optimized for high-throughput screening of molecules that could disrupt multiple targets within the pathway. Furthermore, we have validated the assay by performing it to identify D-Cycloserine and furan-based benzene-derived compounds with known Mur ligase inhibition as inhibitors of Mtb MurE and MurF.
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12
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Danquah CA, Maitra A, Gibbons S, Faull J, Bhakta S. HT-SPOTi: A Rapid Drug Susceptibility Test (DST) to Evaluate Antibiotic Resistance Profiles and Novel Chemicals for Anti-Infective Drug Discovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 40:17.8.1-17.8.12. [PMID: 26855282 DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mc1708s40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the major threats to global health and well-being. The past decade has seen an alarming rise in the evolution and spread of drug-resistant strains of pathogenic microbes. The emergence of extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and antimicrobial resistance among the ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) as well as fungal pathogens (such as certain species of Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, and Trichophyton) poses a significant 21st century scientific challenge. With an extremely limited arsenal of efficacious antibiotics, techniques that can (a) identify novel antimicrobials and (b) detect antimicrobial resistance are becoming increasingly important. In this article, we illustrate the HT-SPOTi, an assay that is principally based on the growth of an organism on agar medium containing a range of different concentrations of drugs or inhibitors. The simple methodology makes this assay ideal for evaluating novel antimicrobial compounds as well as profiling an organism's antibiotic resistance profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Danquah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Research Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Arundhati Maitra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Simon Gibbons
- Research Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Faull
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjib Bhakta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Morak-Młodawska B, Pluta K, Latocha M, Jeleń M, Kuśmierz D. Synthesis and anticancer and lipophilic properties of 10-dialkylaminobutynyl derivatives of 1,8- and 2,7-diazaphenothiazines. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:1132-8. [PMID: 27677322 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New derivatives of two isomeric types of azaphenothiazines, 1,8- and 2,7-diazaphenothiazine, containing the triple bond substituents and additionally tertiary cyclic and acyclic amine groups, were synthesized and tested for their anticancer activity. The compounds exhibited differential inhibitory activities. Better results were obtained when the acetylenic group was transformed via the Mannich reaction to the dialkylaminobutynyl groups. The most active was 2,7-diazaphenothiazine with the N-methylpiperazine-2-butynyl substituent against the human ductal breast epithelial tumor cell line T47D, more potent than cisplatin. The 2,7-diazaphenothiazine system turned out to be more active than isomeric 1,8-diaza one. For the most active compound, the expression of TP53, CDKN1A, BCL-2 and BAX genes was detected by the RT-QPCR method. The gene expression ratio BACL-2/BAX suggests the mitochondrial apoptosis in T47D cells. The synthesis makes possible to obtain many new bioactive phenothiazines with the dialkylaminoalkynyl substituents inserting various tertiary cyclic and acyclic amine moieties to the substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Morak-Młodawska
- a School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, The Medical University of Silesia , Sosnowiec , Poland and
| | - Krystian Pluta
- a School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, The Medical University of Silesia , Sosnowiec , Poland and
| | - Małgorzata Latocha
- b School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, The Medical University of Silesia , Sosnowiec , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jeleń
- a School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, The Medical University of Silesia , Sosnowiec , Poland and
| | - Dariusz Kuśmierz
- b School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, The Medical University of Silesia , Sosnowiec , Poland
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14
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Maitra A, Danquah CA, Scotti F, Howard TK, Kamil TK, Bhakta S. Tackling tuberculosis: Insights from an international TB Summit in London. Virulence 2015; 6:661-72. [PMID: 26151309 PMCID: PMC4720247 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2015.1060396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) poses a grave predicament to the world as it is not merely a scientific challenge but a socio-economic burden as well. A prime cause of mortality in human due to an infectious disease; the malady and its cause, Mycobacterium tuberculosis have remained an enigma with many questions that remain unanswered. The ability of the pathogen to survive and switch between varied physiological states necessitates a protracted therapeutic regimen that exerts an excessive strain on low-resource countries. To complicate things further, there has been a significant rise of antimicrobial resistance. Existing control measures, including treatment regimens have remained fairly uniform globally for at least half a century and require reinvention. Overcoming the societal and scientific challenges requires an increase in dialog to identify key regions that need attention and effective partners with whom successful collaborations can be fostered. In this report, we explore the discussions held at the International TB Summit 2015 hosted by EuroSciCon, which served as an excellent platform for researchers to share their recent findings. Ground-breaking results require outreach to affect policy design, governance and control of the disease. Hence, we feel it is important that meetings such as these reach a wider, global audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Maitra
- a Mycobacteria Research Laboratory ; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology; Birkbeck ; University of London , Malet Street, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 7HX , United Kingdom
| | - Cynthia A Danquah
- a Mycobacteria Research Laboratory ; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology; Birkbeck ; University of London , Malet Street, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 7HX , United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Scotti
- a Mycobacteria Research Laboratory ; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology; Birkbeck ; University of London , Malet Street, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 7HX , United Kingdom
| | - Tracey K Howard
- a Mycobacteria Research Laboratory ; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology; Birkbeck ; University of London , Malet Street, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 7HX , United Kingdom
| | - Tengku K Kamil
- a Mycobacteria Research Laboratory ; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology; Birkbeck ; University of London , Malet Street, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 7HX , United Kingdom
| | - Sanjib Bhakta
- a Mycobacteria Research Laboratory ; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology; Birkbeck ; University of London , Malet Street, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 7HX , United Kingdom
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15
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Abstract
C2- and C5-alkynylated quinolone scaffolds are core structures of numerous biologically active molecules. Utilizing TIPS-EBX as an alkynylating agent, we have developed an efficient and site-selective C5 alkynylation of 4-quinolones that is directed by the weakly coordinating carbonyl group. In addition, Ru(II) catalyzed C2-selective alkynylation was successfully realized via N-pyrimidyl group-directed cross-couplings to access valuable C2-alkynylated 4-quinolones. This strategy provides direct access to the C2 or C5 alkynylated 4-quinolones. Furthermore, the reaction was applied to isoquinolones for C3-selective alkynylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahye Kang
- †Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Korea.,‡Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- †Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Korea.,‡Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
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16
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1,2-substituted 4-(1H)-quinolones: synthesis, antimalarial and antitrypanosomal activities in vitro. Molecules 2014; 19:14204-20. [PMID: 25211002 PMCID: PMC6271202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190914204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A diverse array of 4-(1H)-quinolone derivatives bearing substituents at positions 1 and 2 were synthesized and evaluated for antiprotozoal activities against Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, and cytotoxicity against L-6 cells in vitro. Furthermore, selectivity indices were also determined for both parasites. All compounds tested showed antimalarial activity at low micromolar concentrations, with varied degrees of selectivity against L-6 cells. Compound 5a was found to be the most active against P. falciparum, with an IC50 value of 90 nM and good selectivity for the malarial parasite compared to the L-6 cells. Compound 10a, on the other hand, showed a strong antitrypanosomal effect with an IC50 value of 1.25 µM. In this study side chain diversity was explored by varying the side chain length and substitution pattern on the aliphatic group at position-2 and a structure-antiprotozoal activity study revealed that the aromatic ring introduced at C-2 contributed significantly to the antiprotozoal activities.
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