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Utilizing Nutritional and Polyphenolic Compounds in Underutilized Plant Seeds for Health Application. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206813. [PMID: 36296406 PMCID: PMC9612334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants represent a significant part of the human diet. Humans have utilized every part of plants for survival, and seeds are no exception. Seeds offer high protein, unsaturated fats, fibre, essential vitamins, and minerals for various food applications. They are also a promising reservoir of bioactive compounds, where various phytochemicals, such as polyphenolic compounds, capable of maintaining and improving well-being, are present in abundant quantities. Plants from Malvaceae and Cannabaceae families are known for their fibre-rich stems that benefit humankind by serving numerous purposes. For many centuries they have been exploited extensively for various commercial and industrial uses. Their seeds, which are often regarded as a by-product of fibre processing, have been scientifically discovered to have an essential role in combating hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, cancer, and oxidative stress. Maximizing the use of these agricultural wastes can be a promising approach to creating a more sustainable world, in accordance with the concept of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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Perumal N, Nallappan M, Shohaimi S, Kassim NK, Tee TT, Cheah YH. Synergistic antidiabetic activity of Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H.Wigg and Momordica charantia L. polyherbal combination. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112401. [PMID: 34785415 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus accounts for 90% of most diabetes cases. Many commercial drugs used to treat this disease come with adverse side effects and eventually fail to restore glucose homeostasis. Therefore, an effective, economical and safe antidiabetic remedy from dietary source is considered. Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H.Wigg and Momordica charantia L. were chosen since both are used for centuries as traditional medicine to treat various ailments and diseases. In this study, the antidiabetic properties of a polyherbal combination of T. officinale and M. charantia ethanol extracts are evaluated. The bioactive solvent extracts of the samples selected from in vitro antidiabetic assays; α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition, and glucose-uptake in L6 muscle cells were combined (1:1) to form the polyherbal combination. The antidiabetic efficacy of polyherbal combination was evaluated employing the above stated in vitro antidiabetic assays and in vivo oral glucose tolerance test and streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA) induced diabetic rat model. A quadrupole time-of-flight liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (Q-TOF LCMS) analysis was done to identify active compounds. The polyherbal combination exerted improved antidiabetic properties; increased DPP-4, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibition. The polyherbal combination tested in vivo on diabetic rats showed optimum blood glucose-lowering activity comparable to that of Glibenclamide and Metformin. This study confirms the polyherbal combination of T. officinale and M. charantia to be rich in various bioactive compounds, which exhibited antidiabetic properties. Therefore, this polyherbal combination has the potential to be further developed as complex phytotherapeutic remedy for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithiyaa Perumal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Meenakshii Nallappan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Shamarina Shohaimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Kartinee Kassim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Thiam Tsui Tee
- ZACH Biotech Depot Sdn. Bhd., 19-2, Jalan SC 5/A, Kawasan Perindustrian Sg. Chua, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Yew Hoong Cheah
- ZACH Biotech Depot Sdn. Bhd., 19-2, Jalan SC 5/A, Kawasan Perindustrian Sg. Chua, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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3
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Chu CC, Nyam KL. Application of seed oils and its bioactive compounds in sunscreen formulations. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chee Chin Chu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Kar Lin Nyam
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Keyata EO, Tola YB, Bultosa G, Forsido SF. Phytochemical contents, antioxidant activity and functional properties of Raphanus sativus L, Eruca sativa L. and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. growing in Ethiopia. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05939. [PMID: 33553729 PMCID: PMC7855332 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Information on phytochemical contents, antioxidant activity and functional properties of underutilized plants Figl (Raphanus sativus L.), Girgir (Eruca sativa L.) and Karkade (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) grown in Benishangul Gumuz, Ethiopia are limited. In view of this, leaves and roots of Figl, leaves of Girgir, calyces and seeds of Karkade were evaluated following standard analytical methods. The total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, β-carotene and L-ascorbic acid contents were ranged: 5.28–35.97, 0.01–2.53, 0.15–0.42 and 0.28–1.49 (db mg/g), respectively. The total flavonoids content, total anthocyanins content and antioxidant capacity were high in the brown calyces of Karkade, but are low in the roots of Figl. The antioxidant activity of roots of Figl and seeds of Karkade were low. The effective inhibitory concentration (IC50) toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity demanded from brown calyces of Karkade was low and the IC50 was strong negatively correlated with β-carotene and L-ascorbic acid contents (i.e., achieve IC50 with low amounts of these bioactive compounds). The ferric reducing antioxidant power was positively strong correlated with total flavonoids and anthocyanins content. The finding showed that calyces of Karkade can be used as a candidate to substitute synthetic antioxidants and food colorant in food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries because of their high antioxidant capacity, desired color and as a good source of phytochemicals. The study also showed that the leaves of Figl and Girgir were found to exhibit good sources of vitamin C, β-carotene with low bulk density. Because of these properties, they can be regarded as good candidate to supplement micronutrients particularly for vulnerable groups like infants and young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebisa Olika Keyata
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Wollega University, P.O. Box 38, Shambu, Ethiopia.,Department of Post-Harvest Management, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Yetenayet B Tola
- Department of Post-Harvest Management, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Geremew Bultosa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Sirawdink Fikreyesus Forsido
- Department of Post-Harvest Management, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Park CH, Kwon SJ, Kim NS, Baek SA, Yeo HJ, Park YE, Chung YS, Kim JK, Park SU. Metabolic Analysis of Carotenoids and Phenolic Compounds Found in Green and Purple Kenaf. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20971138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of the different plant parts of green ( Hibiscus cannabinus L. cv. Jangdae) and purple ( H. cannabinus L. cv. Jeokbong) kenaf cultivars were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Ten carotenoid and phenolic compounds were quantified in the different parts of green and purple kenaf. The accumulation of carotenoids and phenolic compounds in the different parts of both cultivars was slightly different. The total carotenoid content in all parts of purple kenaf was higher than that in green kenaf. In particular, lutein, β-carotene, and 9Z-β-carotene were found in all the plant parts of both purple and green kenaf. Most levels of these 3 carotenoids were higher in all parts of the purple cultivar than those found in the green cultivar. According to the detected phenolic compound content, the leaves of the green cultivar contained a higher level of total phenolics, even though the most levels of the individual phenolic compounds were higher in the purple cultivar due to the level of kaempferitrin, a major compound found in kenaf, being much higher than the levels observed for the other phenolic compounds. However, the flowers and stems of the purple cultivar had a higher level of total phenolics. Among the 10 different phenolic compounds, 7 (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, benzoic acid, rutin, and kaempferol) were present in all the plant parts of both kenaf cultivars. Purple kenaf leaves contain higher levels of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, and rutin, whereas the purple cultivar flowers have higher levels of p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and benzoic acid. This study provides valuable information on the chemical composition of different plant parts of green and purple kenaf cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ha Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Jae Kwon
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Su Kim
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-A Baek
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Eun Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Suk Chung
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Sim YY, Nyam KL. Hibiscus cannabinus L. (kenaf) studies: Nutritional composition, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and potential applications. Food Chem 2020; 344:128582. [PMID: 33199120 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The electronic database was searched up to July 2020, using keywords, kenaf and roselle, chemical constituents of kenaf and roselle, therapeutic uses of kenaf and roselle. Journals, books and conference proceedings were also searched. Investigations of pharmacological activities of kenaf revealed that this edible plant exhibits a broad range of therapeutic potential including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antityrosinase, anticancer, antihyperlipidemia, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities. Kenaf also showed versatile utility as a functional ingredient in food, folk medicine, and animal nutritions, as well as in nanotechnology processes. The exploitation of underexploited kenaf by-products can be a significant part of waste management from an economic and environmental point of view. In addition, kenaf showed comparable nutritional, phytochemical, and pharmacological properties with Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle). This review has important implications for further investigations and applications of kenaf in food and pharmaceuticals industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yi Sim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kar Lin Nyam
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Adnan M, Oh KK, Azad MOK, Shin MH, Wang MH, Cho DH. Kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Leaves and Seed as a Potential Source of the Bioactive Compounds: Effects of Various Extraction Solvents on Biological Properties. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10100223. [PMID: 32998223 PMCID: PMC7601236 DOI: 10.3390/life10100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hibiscus cannabinus (Kenaf) is a potential source of bioactive constituents and natural antioxidant. The current study determined the impact of various solvents on extraction yield, recovery of polyphenol and flavonoid, antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial properties of Kenaf leaves and seed. The powder of leaves and seed was separately extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water solvent. Among them, the ethanol extract of leaves and seed showed the highest extraction yield, and their GC-MS analysis revealed a total of 55 and 14 bioactive compounds, respectively. The total polyphenols (TP) and flavonoids (TF) content were quantified by a spectrophotometric technique where water extracts displayed a noteworthy amount of TP and TF content compared to other extracts. A similar demonstration was noticed in antioxidant activity, evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity. In addition, cytotoxicity and anti-lung cancer activity were identified against mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH3T3) and human lung cancer (A549) cells. All extracts of leaves and seed were observed as non-toxic to the NIH3T3 cells, but slight toxicity was expressed by n-hexane extracts at the optimum dose (1000 µg/mL) of treatment. In parallel, n-hexane and ethanol extracts (leaves and seed) exposed promising anti-lung cancer activity at the same concentration. Furthermore, antibacterial activity was assessed using disc diffusion assay, and seed extracts exhibited a significant inhibition zone against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Overall, Kenaf seed extracted with polar solvents was found very potent in terms of important bioactive compounds and pharmacological aspects, which can be an excellent biological matrix of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Adnan
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.A.); (K.K.O.); (M.O.K.A.)
| | - Ki Kwang Oh
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.A.); (K.K.O.); (M.O.K.A.)
| | - Md Obyedul Kalam Azad
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.A.); (K.K.O.); (M.O.K.A.)
| | | | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-H.W.); (D.H.C.); Tel.: +82-332-506-475 (D.H.C.)
| | - Dong Ha Cho
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.A.); (K.K.O.); (M.O.K.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.-H.W.); (D.H.C.); Tel.: +82-332-506-475 (D.H.C.)
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Olika Keyata E, Tola YB, Bultosa G, Fikreyesus Forsido S. Proximate, mineral, and anti-nutrient compositions of underutilized plants of Ethiopia: Figl (Raphanus sativus L.), Girgir (Eruca sativa L) and Karkade (Hibiscus sabdariffa): Implications for in-vitro mineral bioavailability. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109724. [PMID: 33233293 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In Ethiopia, particularly in the Benishangul-Gumuz region, there are several underutilized plants like Figl (Raphanus sativus), Girgir (Eruca sativa) and Karkade (Hibiscus sabdariffa) which are cultivated and consumed only by the local communities. However, information on nutrient, anti-nutrient contents and mineral bioavailability of edible parts of these plants are limited. Given this, leaves and roots of Figl, leaves of Girgir, calyces and seeds of Karkade were evaluated for their proximate, mineral and anti-nutrient contents following the standard analytical methods. The result on dry matter basis revealed that protein contents (26.32 g/100 g) were high for brown seeds of Karkade, dried leaves of Figl (26.71 g/100 g) and Girgir (24.23 g/100 g). The fat and energy contents were high for seeds of Karkade (15.58-18.00 g/100 g; 371.64-376.69 kcal/100 g). The fiber content was high for dried leaves of Figl (28.39 g/100 g) and low for calyces of Karkade (15.33-16.54 g/100 g). There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in terms of mineral contents. The dried leaves of Figl were high in calcium, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus contents while dried leaves of Girgir were high in iron and zinc contents. With exception of oxalate content, seeds of Karkade were low in tannin, phytate and alkaloid. The phytate: mineral ratio analysis showed the bioavailability of iron is likely to be inhibited from roots of Figl and calyces of Karkade; zinc bioavailability from calyces of Karkade which suggests processing for phytate reduction is important. The result showed the seeds of Karkade are good sources of protein, fat and energy with low antinutritional contents that may favor mineral bioavailability with potential for utilization in baby food formulations to alleviate protein energy malnutrition. The leaves of Figl and Girgir can also be exploited in different food formulations to improve macro and micronutrient deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebisa Olika Keyata
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Wollega University, P.O. Box 38, Shambu, Ethiopia; Department of Post-Harvest Management, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Yetenayet B Tola
- Department of Post-Harvest Management, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Geremew Bultosa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Private Bag0027, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Sirawdink Fikreyesus Forsido
- Department of Post-Harvest Management, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Zhang ZS, Xie QF, Che L. Synergistic effects of ultrasound and extraction solvent on the bioactive compound in kenaf seed oil. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:2118-2128. [PMID: 32431338 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Kenaf seed oil was extracted with 3 different solvents, i.e. hexane, ethanol and aqueous enzymatic medium with or without ultrasonic assistance. The synergistic effects of ultrasound and extraction solvent on the content of bioactive compound in kenaf seed oil was investigated. Results show that ultrasound-assisted extraction with hexane obtained the highest yield (84.71%), while yield with aqueous enzymatic medium was the lowest (51.12%). Two endothermic peaks exhibited on the melting curve of kenaf seed oil at the temperature range - 37 to - 25 °C and - 12 to - 2 °C, respectively. Linoleic, oleic and palmitic acid are the major fatty acids, accounting for above 96% of the total fatty acids. The content of vitamin E, phosphatide, total phenols and sterol are 92.38-105.01 mg/100 g oil, 0.38-22.28 g/kg, 0.51-71.02 mg GAE/100 g and 161.79-533.12 mg/100 g, respectively. The solvent employed has significant effect (p < 0.05) on the thermal property, fatty acid composition and bioactive constituents of the extracted kenaf seed oil. The oil extracted with ethanol contained more nervonic acid and bioactive components such as β-carotene, phosphatide, total phenols and sterols. The introduction of ultrasound reduced the extraction time remarkably. The results demonstrate that extraction with ethanol combined with ultrasound is an effective method to extract kenaf seed oil, as more reasonable fatty acid composition and higher content of bioactive components can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Shan Zhang
- 1College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, No. 100, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 45001 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Fang Xie
- 1College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, No. 100, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 45001 People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Che
- 2Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 People's Republic of China
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Giwa Ibrahim S, Karim R, Saari N, Wan Abdullah WZ, Zawawi N, Ab Razak AF, Hamim NA, Umar RA. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Seed and its Potential Food Applications: A Review. J Food Sci 2019; 84:2015-2023. [PMID: 31364175 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kenaf belongs to the family Malvaceae noted for their economic and horticultural importance. Kenaf seed is a valuable component of kenaf plant. For several years, it has been primarily used as a cordage crop and secondarily as a livestock feed. The potential for using kenaf seeds as a source of food-based products has not been fully exploited. Consumers are becoming more interested in naturally healthy plant-based food products. Kenaf seed, the future crop with a rich source of essential nutrients and an excellent source of phytocompounds, might serve suitable roles in the production of value-added plant-based foods. At present kenaf seed and its value-added components have not been effectively utilized for both their nutritional and functional properties as either ingredient or major constituent of food products. This review focuses on the possible food applications of kenaf seed and its value-added components based on their nutritional composition and functional properties available in literature, with the purpose of providing an overview on the possible food applications of this underutilized seed. The review focuses on a brief introduction on kenaf plant, nutritional function, lipids and proteins composition and food applications of the seed. The review elaborately discusses the seed in terms of; bioactive components, antioxidants enrichment of wheat bread, antimicrobial agents, as edible flour, as edible oil and a source of protein in food system. The review closes with discussion on other possible food applications of kenaf seed. The need for food scientists and technologists to exploit this natural agricultural product as a value-added food ingredient is of great significance and is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafa'atu Giwa Ibrahim
- Dept. of Food Technology, Facul. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Dept. of Food Science, Facul. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Dept. of Biochemistry, Facul. of Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo Univ., Sokoto, P.M.B 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Roselina Karim
- Dept. of Food Technology, Facul. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Dept. of Food Science, Facul. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nazamid Saari
- Dept. of Food Science, Facul. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zunairah Wan Abdullah
- Dept. of Food Science, Facul. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhasnida Zawawi
- Dept. of Food Science, Facul. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Fattah Ab Razak
- Dept. of Food Technology, Facul. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Dept. of Food Science, Facul. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Dept. of Food Technology, School of Engineering Technology, Univ. College of Technology Sarawak, Persiaran Brooke, 96000, Sibu Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aqilah Hamim
- Dept. of Food Technology, Facul. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Dept. of Food Science, Facul. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Inst. of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Univ. Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, 78000, Malacca, Malaysia
| | - Rabi'u Aliyu Umar
- Dept. of Food Science, Facul. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Dept. of Biochemistry, Facul. of Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo Univ., Sokoto, P.M.B 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
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Noah Badr A, M El-Said M, M Elmessery T, Abdel-Razek AG. Non-traditional Oils Encapsulation as Novel Food Additive Enhanced Yogurt Safety Against Aflatoxins. Pak J Biol Sci 2019; 22:51-58. [PMID: 30972986 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2019.51.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Hibiscus oil (HO) and black cumin oil (BCO) are interesting oils which give a source for photochemical. Yoghurt recognized for health benefits, but mycotoxin is a food problem. The aim was adjusting non-traditional capsulated oils for minimizing mycotoxins in dairy products (yoghurt) and biological systems. MATERIAL AND METHODS Oils fatty acid composition were evaluated. Micro and nano-emulsion designed to achieve food safety and shelf-life extension. Encapsulated emulsions evaluated by in vitro and in vivo models for several aflatoxins reduction through yogurt fortification model, for in vivo model reduction estimated as enhancement of rat's blood biochemical parameters. Concerning the in vitro model, changes of supplemented yoghurt properties were estimated. RESULTS Linoleic followed by oleic acid showed a high content in these oils representing omega fatty acids. Gamma fractions presented in considerable values (>50% of vitamin E). To evaluate encapsulated oils reduction on aflatoxins (AFs), it was estimated for in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro reduction of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) recorded 31.6 and 34.9%, respectively in plain yogurt. However, yogurt fortification by oil-capsules upgraded the ratio for AFB1 (63.9%) and AFM1 (66.4%). The best reduction recorded using BCO fortification. For in vivo study, supplementation of rat's diet by BCO micro-capsule declared an enhancement of biochemical parameters against aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) effects. Fortified yogurt offered enhancement of viscosity and water holding capacity properties. CONCLUSION Encapsulated emulsions recorded high AFs reduction in fortified yogurt and experimental rat's model. Yogurt fortification enhanced its quality characteristics and shelf-life that give a recommendation for the application.
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Sombié PAED, Compaoré M, Coulibaly AY, Ouédraogo JT, Tignégré JBDLS, Kiendrébéogo M. Antioxidant and Phytochemical Studies of 31 Cowpeas ( Vigna unguiculata (Walp L)) Genotypes from Burkina. Foods 2018; 7:foods7090143. [PMID: 30177591 PMCID: PMC6165398 DOI: 10.3390/foods7090143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant compounds of dietary plants have been widely studied because of their bioactive properties. The objective of this research study was to analyse the health enhancing attributes of 31 cowpeas varieties from Burkina Faso. Significant variations were observed in the phenolic content as well as the antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation activities amongst the cowpea varieties. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed that the ferric reducing ability (r = 0.954) and anti-lipid peroxidation (r = 0.616) were positively correlated with the total phenolic content. A significant relationship between cowpea ferric reducing ability and anti-lipid peroxidation (r = 0.64) was also revealed. However, nitric oxide scavenging potential was found not to be related to its total phenolic and total flavonoid content. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals scavenging potentials were not correlated with the total flavonoid content. The pigmented seeds of cowpea varieties possess higher total phenolic, total flavonoid content, ferric reduction ability, and anti-lipid peroxidation activities than the colourless ones. The results obtained from this study suggest that Burkina Faso cowpea cultivars are rich in phenolic compounds and have significant antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation activities. Consumption of the cowpea, particularly of coloured cowpea seed varieties, should be beneficial for chronic human diseases prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Alexandre Eric Djifaby Sombié
- National Center of Scientific Research and Technology, Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research, Crop Production Department, 01 P.O Box 476 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Chemistry Applied (LABIOCA), University of Ouaga I Professor Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 09 P.O Box 848 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Moussa Compaoré
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Chemistry Applied (LABIOCA), University of Ouaga I Professor Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 09 P.O Box 848 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Ahmed Yacouba Coulibaly
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Chemistry Applied (LABIOCA), University of Ouaga I Professor Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 09 P.O Box 848 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
- Unit of formation and Research in Sciences and Technology, University Norbert Zongo, P.O Box 376 Koudougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Jeremy Tinga Ouédraogo
- National Center of Scientific Research and Technology, Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research, Crop Production Department, 01 P.O Box 476 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Jean-Baptiste De La Salle Tignégré
- National Center of Scientific Research and Technology, Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research, Crop Production Department, 01 P.O Box 476 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Martin Kiendrébéogo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Chemistry Applied (LABIOCA), University of Ouaga I Professor Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 09 P.O Box 848 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
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Chan KW, Ismail M, Mohd Esa N, Imam MU, Ooi DJ, Khong NMH. Dietary supplementation of defatted kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) seed meal and its phenolics-saponins rich extract effectively attenuates diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. Food Funct 2018; 9:925-936. [PMID: 29313544 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01109a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Kenaf is one of the important commercial fiber crops worldwide and defatted kenaf seed meal (DKSM) is a secondary by-product from the kenaf industry. Thus, efforts to turn this low-cost agricultural waste into value-added functional food ingredients will definitely bring advantageous impacts to the community health, environment and economy. The present study was aimed to investigate the cardioprotective properties of DKSM and its phenolics-saponins rich extract (PSRE) in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rat model. Hypercholesterolemia was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats via atherogenic diet feeding and dietary interventions were conducted by incorporating DKSM (15% and 30%) and equivalent levels of PSRE (2.3% and 4.6%, respectively, equivalent to the total content of phenolics and saponins in DKSM groups) into the atherogenic diets. After 10 weeks of DKSM and PSRE supplementation, the hepatosomatic index, hepatosteatosis, serum lipid profile, Castelli risk indexes as well as hepatic and renal functions of hypercholesterolemic rats were significantly improved (p < 0.05). Besides, the levels of hepatic Hmgcr and serum Pcsk9 were lowered, along with transcriptional upregulations of hepatic Cyp7a1, Abca1, Lcat, ApoA2 and ApoE (p < 0.05). The gene expression of hepatic Ldlr was marginally enhanced by DKSM supplementation (p > 0.05), but superiorly upregulated by PSRE (p < 0.05). The combined results showed that hypercholesterolemia and the atherogenic risk in rats were effectively attenuated by DKSM and PSRE supplementation, possibly via modulations of multiple vital processes in hepatic cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, phenolics and saponins may be the bioactives conferring DKSM and PSRE with their anti-hypercholesterolemic properties. In conclusion, DKSM and PSRE are prospective cardioprotective functional food ingredients for hypercholesterolemic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Wei Chan
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Defatted Kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Seed Meal and Its Phenolic-Saponin-Rich Extract Protect Hypercholesterolemic Rats against Oxidative Stress and Systemic Inflammation via Transcriptional Modulation of Hepatic Antioxidant Genes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6742571. [PMID: 29849908 PMCID: PMC5937434 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6742571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of defatted kenaf seed meal (DKSM) and its phenolic-saponin-rich extract (PSRE) in hypercholesterolemic rats. Hypercholesterolemia was induced using atherogenic diet feeding, and dietary interventions were conducted by incorporating DKSM (15% and 30%) or PSRE (at 2.3% and 4.6%, resp., equivalent to the total content of DKSM-phenolics and saponins in the DKSM groups) into the atherogenic diets. After ten weeks of intervention, serum total antioxidant capacities of hypercholesterolemic rats were significantly enhanced by DKSM and PSRE supplementation (p < 0.05). Similarly, DKSM and PSRE supplementation upregulated the hepatic mRNA expression of antioxidant genes (Nrf2, Sod1, Sod2, Gsr, and Gpx1) of hypercholesterolemic rats (p < 0.05), except for Gpx1 in the DKSM groups. The levels of circulating oxidized LDL and proinflammatory biomarkers were also markedly suppressed by DKSM and PSRE supplementation (p < 0.05). In aggregate, DKSM and PSRE attenuated the hypercholesterolemia-associated oxidative stress and systemic inflammation in rats, potentially by enhancement of hepatic endogenous antioxidant defense via activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway, which may be contributed by the rich content of phenolics and saponins in DKSM and PSRE. Hence, DKSM and PSRE are prospective functional food ingredients for the potential mitigation of atherogenic risks in hypercholesterolemic individuals.
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Ashraf A, Sarfraz RA, Rashid MA, Mahmood A, Shahid M, Noor N. Chemical composition, antioxidant, antitumor, anticancer and cytotoxic effects of Psidium guajava leaf extracts. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1971-1981. [PMID: 26841303 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1137604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) leaves are used in traditional medicines for the treatment of cancer, inflammation and other ailments. Objective The current study explores scientific validation for this traditional medication. Materials and methods We used ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazil (DPPH) assays to estimate antioxidant activity of P. guajava leaf extracts (methanol, hexane and chloroform). Antitumour and in vivo cytotoxic activities were determined using potato disc assay (PDA) and brine shrimp lethality assay, respectively. Three human carcinoma cell lines (KBM5, SCC4 and U266) were incubated with different doses (10-100 μg/mL) of extracts and the anticancer activity was estimated by MTT assay. NF-κB suppressing activity was determined using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Chemical composition of the three extracts was identified by GC-MS. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured by colorimetric assays. Results and discussions The order of antioxidant activity of three extracts was methanol > chloroform > hexane. The IC50 values ranged from 22.73 to 51.65 μg/mL for KBM5; 22.82 to 70.25 μg/mL for SCC4 and 20.97 to 89.55 μg/mL for U266 cells. The hexane extract exhibited potent antitumour (IC50 value = 65.02 μg/mL) and cytotoxic (LC50 value = 32.18 μg/mL) activities. This extract also completely inhibited the TNF-α induced NF-κB activation in KBM5 cells. GC-MS results showed that pyrogallol, palmitic acid and vitamin E were the major components of methanol, chloroform and hexane extracts. We observed significant (p < 0.05) difference in total phenolic and flavonoid contents of different solvent extracts. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that P. guajava leaf extracts play a substantial role against cancer and down-modulate inflammatory nuclear factor kB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Ashraf
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Raja Adil Sarfraz
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
- b Central Hi-Tech Laboratory , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | | | - Adeel Mahmood
- c Department of Biosciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Nadia Noor
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
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Ooi DJ, Chan KW, Sarega N, Alitheen NB, Ithnin H, Ismail M. Bioprospecting the Curculigoside-Cinnamic Acid-Rich Fraction from Molineria latifolia Rhizome as a Potential Antioxidant Therapeutic Agent. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060682. [PMID: 27322226 PMCID: PMC6273251 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence from both experimental and clinical studies depicts the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Specifically, disruption of homeostatic redox balance in accumulated body fat mass leads to obesity-associated metabolic syndrome. Strategies for the restoration of redox balance, potentially by exploring potent plant bioactives, have thus become the focus of therapeutic intervention. The present study aimed to bioprospect the potential use of the curculigoside-cinnamic acid-rich fraction from Molineria latifolia rhizome as an antioxidant therapeutic agent. The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) isolated from M. latifolia rhizome methanolic extract (RME) contained the highest amount of phenolic compounds, particularly curculigoside and cinnamic acid. EAF demonstrated glycation inhibitory activities in both glucose- and fructose-mediated glycation models. In addition, in vitro chemical-based and cellular-based antioxidant assays showed that EAF exhibited high antioxidant activities and a protective effect against oxidative damage in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Although the efficacies of individual phenolics differed depending on the structure and concentration, a correlational study revealed strong correlations between total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities. The results concluded that enriched phenolic contents in EAF (curculigoside-cinnamic acid-rich fraction) contributed to the overall better reactivity. Our data suggest that this bioactive-rich fraction warrants therapeutic potential against oxidative stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der Jiun Ooi
- Nutri-Cosmeceuticals, Nutrigenomics & Nanodelivery Programme, Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Kim Wei Chan
- Nutri-Cosmeceuticals, Nutrigenomics & Nanodelivery Programme, Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Nadarajan Sarega
- Nutri-Cosmeceuticals, Nutrigenomics & Nanodelivery Programme, Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Hairuszah Ithnin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Maznah Ismail
- Nutri-Cosmeceuticals, Nutrigenomics & Nanodelivery Programme, Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
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Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of flavonoid-, polyphenol- and anthocyanin-rich extracts from Thymus kotschyanus boiss & hohen aerial parts. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 52:6777-83. [PMID: 26396429 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of flavonoid- (water, ethyl acetate and hexane fractions), polyphenol- and anthocyanin-rich extracts of Thymus kotschyanus aerial parts were investigated. All the extracts showed significant amounts of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and exhibited strong antioxidant activity. Among the extracts, water fraction contained the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents (881.06 ± 16.52 mg GAE/g of extract and 74.60 ± 3.05 mg QE/g of extract, respectively). It also presented the highest DPPH(•) scavenging activity with an IC50 of 14.21 ± 0.53 μg mL(-1), and the highest reducing power at 400 μg mL(-1) by A700 = 2.46 ± 0.04. The extracts were found to exert moderate antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. These findings highlighted a scientific basis to the traditional usage of T. kotschyanus, also showed its potential as a rich source of natural antioxidant and antibacterial compounds.
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Accumulation of kaempferitrin and expression of phenyl-propanoid biosynthetic genes in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus). Molecules 2014; 19:16987-97. [PMID: 25342553 PMCID: PMC6270828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191016987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is cultivated worldwide for its fiber; however, the medicinal properties of this plant are currently attracting increasing attention. In this study, we investigated the expression levels of genes involved in the biosynthesis of kaempferitrin, a compound with many biological functions, in different kenaf organs. We found that phenylalanine ammonia lyase (HcPAL) was more highly expressed in stems than in other organs. Expression levels of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (HcC4H) and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (Hc4CL) were highest in mature leaves, followed by stems and young leaves, and lowest in roots and mature flowers. The expression of chalcone synthase (HcCHS), chalcone isomerase (HcCHI), and flavone 3-hydroxylase (HcF3H) was highest in young flowers, whereas that of flavone synthase (HcFLS) was highest in leaves. An analysis of kaempferitrin accumulation in the different organs of kenaf revealed that the accumulation of this compound was considerably higher (>10-fold) in leaves than in other organs. On the basis of a comparison of kaempferitrin contents with the expression levels of different genes in different organs, we speculate that HcFLS plays an important regulatory role in the kaempferitrin biosynthetic pathway in kenaf.
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Prieto M, Vázquez J. In vitro determination of the lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity of unroasted coffee bean extracts and their synergistic and antagonistic effects. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Binary solvent extraction system and extraction time effects on phenolic antioxidants from kenaf seeds (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) extracted by a pulsed ultrasonic-assisted extraction. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:789346. [PMID: 24592184 PMCID: PMC3921983 DOI: 10.1155/2014/789346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the best parameter for extracting phenolic-enriched kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) seeds by a pulsed ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The antioxidant activities of ultrasonic-assisted kenaf seed extracts (KSE) were determined by a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity assay, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, β-carotene bleaching inhibition assay, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) evaluations were carried out to determine the phenolic and flavonoid contents in KSE. The KSE from the best extraction parameter was then subjected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to quantify the phenolic compounds. The optimised extraction condition employed 80% ethanol for 15 min, with the highest values determined for the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assay. KSE contained mainly tannic acid (2302.20 mg/100 g extract) and sinapic acid (1198.22 mg/100 g extract), which can be used as alternative antioxidants in the food industry.
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Lage MÁP, García MAM, Álvarez JAV, Anders Y, Curran TP. A new microplate procedure for simultaneous assessment of lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants and pro-oxidants, using crocin and β-carotene bleaching methods in a single combined assay: Tea extracts as a case study. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Thoo YY, Ho SK, Abas F, Lai OM, Ho CW, Tan CP. Optimal binary solvent extraction system for phenolic antioxidants from mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) fruit. Molecules 2013; 18:7004-22. [PMID: 23771061 PMCID: PMC6270242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18067004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants have been widely used in the food industry to enhance product quality by preventing oxidation of susceptible substances. This work was carried out to maximise the recovery of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical-scavenging capacity and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging capacity from Morinda citrifolia fruit via modification of the ethanol concentration, extraction time and extraction temperature at minimal processing cost. The optimised conditions yielded values of 881.57 ± 17.74 mg GAE/100 g DW for TPC, 552.53 ± 34.16 mg CE/100 g DW for TFC, 799.20 ± 2.97 µmol TEAC/100 g DW for ABTS and 2,317.01 ± 18.13 µmol TEAC/100 g DW for DPPH were 75% ethanol, 40 min of time and 57 °C. The four responses did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) from predicted values, indicating that models obtained are suitable to the optimisation of extraction conditions for phenolics from M. citrifolia. The relative amounts of flavonoids were 0.784 ± 0.01 mg quercetin/g of extract and 1.021 ± 0.04 mg rutin/g of extract. On the basis of the results obtained, M. citrifolia extract can be used as a valuable bioactive source of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yin Thoo
- School of Hospitality, Tourism and Culinary Arts, KDU University College, Jalan SS 22/41, Damansara Jaya, 47400 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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