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Wen L, Ding J, Duan L, Wang S, An Q, Wang H, Zuo Z. Multiplicative enhancement of stereoenrichment by a single catalyst for deracemization of alcohols. Science 2023; 382:458-464. [PMID: 37883537 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Stereochemical enrichment of a racemic mixture by deracemization must overcome unfavorable entropic effects as well as the principle of microscopic reversibility; recently, photochemical reaction pathways unveiled by the energetic input of light have led to innovations toward this end, most often by ablation of a stereogenic C(sp3)-H bond. We report a photochemically driven deracemization protocol in which a single chiral catalyst effects two mechanistically different steps, C-C bond cleavage and C-C bond formation, to achieve multiplicative enhancement of stereoinduction, which leads to high levels of stereoselectivity. Ligand-to-metal charge transfer excitation of a titanium catalyst coordinated by a chiral phosphoric acid or bisoxazoline efficiently enriches racemic alcohols that feature adjacent and fully substituted stereogenic centers to enantiomeric ratios up to 99:1. Mechanistic investigations support a pathway of sequential radical-mediated bond scission and bond formation through a common prochiral intermediate and reveal that, although the overall stereoenrichment is high, the selectivity in each individual step is moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lingfei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing An
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Ni J, Xia X, Zheng WF, Wang Z. Ti-Catalyzed Diastereoselective Cyclopropanation of Carboxylic Derivatives with Terminal Olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7889-7900. [PMID: 35442655 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopropanols and cyclopropylamines not only serve as important structural motifs in medicinal chemistry but also show diverse reactivities in organic synthesis. Owing to the high ring strain energy, the development of a general protocol from stable and readily available starting materials to afford these cyclopropyl derivatives remains a compelling challenge. Herein, we describe that a Ti-based catalyst can effectively promote the diastereoselective syntheses of cyclopropanols and cyclopropylamines from widely accessible carboxylic derivatives (acids, esters, amides) with terminal olefins. To the best of our knowledge, this method represents the first example of direct converting alkyl carboxylic acids into cyclopropanols. Distinct from conventional studies in Ti-mediated cyclopropanations with reactive alkyl Grignard reagents as nucleophiles or reductants, this protocol utilizes Mg and Me2SiCl2 to turn over the Ti catalyst. Our method exhibits broad substrate scope with good functional group compatibility and is amenable to late-stage synthetic manipulations of natural products and biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaowen Xia
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Feng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Wang X, Xie G, Zhao Y, Zheng K, Fang Y, Wang X. Facile pinacol coupling of aliphatic ketones by Brook rearrangement in the presence of samarium species. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Lie Y, Pellis A, Funes‐Ardoiz I, Sampedro D, Macquarrie DJ, Farmer TJ. Work-hardening Photopolymer from Renewable Photoactive 3,3'-(2,5-Furandiyl)bisacrylic Acid. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4140-4150. [PMID: 32663375 PMCID: PMC7496517 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The design of a photopolymer around a renewable furan-derived chromophore is presented herein. An optimised semi-continuous oxidation method using MnO2 affords 2,5-diformylfuran from 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural in gram quantities, allowing the subsequent synthesis of 3,3'-(2,5-furandiyl)bisacrylic acid in good yield and excellent stereoselectivity. The photoactivity of the diester of this monomer is confirmed by reaction under UV irradiation, and the proposed [2+2] cycloaddition mechanism supported further by TD-DFT calculations. Oligoesters of the photoreactive furan diacid with various aliphatic diols are prepared via chemo- and enzyme-catalysed polycondensation. The latter enzyme-catalysed (Candida antarctica lipase B) method results in the highest Mn (3.6 kDa), suggesting milder conditions employed with this protocol minimised unwanted side reactions, including untimely [2+2] cycloadditions, whilst preserving the monomer's photoactivity and stereoisomerism. The photoreactive polyester is solvent cast into a film where subsequent initiator-free UV curing leads to an impressive increase in the material stiffness, with work-hardening characteristics observed during tensile strength testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Lie
- The University of YorkDepartment of ChemistryGreen Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceYO10 5DDHeslingtonYorkUK
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaDepartment of AgrobiotechnologyInstitute of Environmental BiotechnologyKonrad Lorenz Strasse 203430Tulln an der DonauAustria
| | | | - Diego Sampedro
- Department of ChemistryCentro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ)Universidad de La RiojaMadre de Dios 53E-26006LogroñoLa RiojaSpain
| | - Duncan J. Macquarrie
- The University of YorkDepartment of ChemistryGreen Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceYO10 5DDHeslingtonYorkUK
| | - Thomas J. Farmer
- The University of YorkDepartment of ChemistryGreen Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceYO10 5DDHeslingtonYorkUK
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5
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Gualandi A, Calogero F, Mazzarini M, Guazzi S, Fermi A, Bergamini G, Cozzi PG. Cp2TiCl2-Catalyzed Photoredox Allylation of Aldehydes with Visible Light. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gualandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum − Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Francesco Calogero
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum − Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Martino Mazzarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum − Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Simone Guazzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum − Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Andrea Fermi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum − Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Giacomo Bergamini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum − Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum − Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy
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6
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Titanium catalyzed synthesis of amines and N-heterocycles. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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Nallasivam JL, Chakraborty TK. Titanocene(III)-Mediated 5-exo-trig Radical Cyclization: En Route to Spirooxindole-Based Tetrahydrofuran and Bicyclic Lactone. J Org Chem 2019; 84:16124-16138. [PMID: 31793298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The isatin core system is of immense importance due to the highly reactive prochiral C-3 position, which paves an easy way to construct large arrays of spirooxindole heterocyclic motifs. Herein, we depict an isatin-derived and 3,3'-disubstituted oxindole-appended epoxy-acrylate undergoing Cp2Ti(III)Cl-mediated reductive oxirane-ring opening with concomitant intramolecular 5-exo-trig radical cyclization leading to tetrahydrofuran-based oxa-spirooxindole systems. The fused spirooxindole structural feature is embedded in many natural products and tends to exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activities. The presence of more than one quaternary center and the availability of multiple functional groups like hydroxyl, ester, or lactone in the resultant products expand the scope of synthetic applications of the newly acquired oxa-spirooxindole molecules.
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8
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Abstract
New catalytic strategies that leverage single-electron redox events have provided chemists with useful tools for solving synthetic problems. In this context, Ti offers opportunities that are complementary to late transition metals for reaction discovery. Following foundational work on epoxide reductive functionalization, recent methodological advances have significantly expanded the repertoire of Ti radical chemistry. This Synopsis summarizes recent developments in the burgeoning area of Ti radical catalysis with a focus on innovative catalytic strategies such as radical redox-relay and dual catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry McCallum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Xiangyu Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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9
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Luu HT, Streuff J. Development of an Efficient Synthesis of rac
-3-Demethoxyerythratidinone via a Titanium(III) Catalyzed Imine-Nitrile Coupling. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hieu-Trinh Luu
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
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10
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Gandeepan P, Müller T, Zell D, Cera G, Warratz S, Ackermann L. 3d Transition Metals for C-H Activation. Chem Rev 2018; 119:2192-2452. [PMID: 30480438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1402] [Impact Index Per Article: 233.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
C-H activation has surfaced as an increasingly powerful tool for molecular sciences, with notable applications to material sciences, crop protection, drug discovery, and pharmaceutical industries, among others. Despite major advances, the vast majority of these C-H functionalizations required precious 4d or 5d transition metal catalysts. Given the cost-effective and sustainable nature of earth-abundant first row transition metals, the development of less toxic, inexpensive 3d metal catalysts for C-H activation has gained considerable recent momentum as a significantly more environmentally-benign and economically-attractive alternative. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview on first row transition metal catalysts for C-H activation until summer 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Daniel Zell
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Gianpiero Cera
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Svenja Warratz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
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11
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Chenniappan VK, Silwal S, Rahaim RJ. Ni/Ti Dual Catalytic Cross-Coupling of Nitriles and Organobromides To Access Ketones. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinoth Kumar Chenniappan
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, 107 Physical Sciences 1, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Sajan Silwal
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, 107 Physical Sciences 1, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Ronald J. Rahaim
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, 107 Physical Sciences 1, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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12
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Zeng H, Lu D, Gong Y. Direct Metal-Free C-H Functionalization of Cyclic Ethers with Schiff Bases Through an Azobisisobutyronitrile-Initiated Radical Chain Process. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1037 Luoyu Rd. 430074 Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Dengfu Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1037 Luoyu Rd. 430074 Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Yuefa Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1037 Luoyu Rd. 430074 Wuhan Hubei China
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13
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Petrus R, Utko J, Lis T, Sobota P. Impact of Group 13 Metals on Cp2TiCl2 Reduction and Structural Characterization of Resulting Compounds. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:3324-3334. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Petrus
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, 27 Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Józef Utko
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Sobota
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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14
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Das D, Chakraborty TK. Radical Approach to the Chiral Quaternary Center in Asperaculin A: Synthesis of 9-Deoxyasperaculin A. Org Lett 2017; 19:682-685. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipendu Das
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
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15
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Das D, Chakraborty TK. An overview of the recent synthetic studies toward penifulvins and other fenestranes. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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González-Delgado JA, Prieto C, Enríquez L, Jaraíz M, López-Pérez JL, Barrero AF, Arteaga JF. Ti-Mediated Efficient Reductive Dehalogenation of Carbon-Halogen Bonds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José A. González-Delgado
- CIQSO-Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry; University of Huelva; Campus el Carmen 21071 Huelva Spain
| | - Consuelo Prieto
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Biotechnology; University of Granada; Avda. Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Lourdes Enríquez
- Department of Electrical and Electronics; University of Valladolid; Paseo Belen 15 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - Martín Jaraíz
- Department of Electrical and Electronics; University of Valladolid; Paseo Belen 15 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - José L. López-Pérez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry-IBSAL-CIETUS; University of Salamanca; Avda. Campo Charro s/n 37071 Salamanca Spain
| | - Alejandro F. Barrero
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Biotechnology; University of Granada; Avda. Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Jesús F. Arteaga
- CIQSO-Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry; University of Huelva; Campus el Carmen 21071 Huelva Spain
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17
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Lahm G, Opatz T. Selective C–H Activation of Methoxy Groups in a Three-Component Photoreaction. J Org Chem 2015; 80:12711-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Günther Lahm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg
10−14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg
10−14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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18
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Streuff J, Feurer M, Frey G, Steffani A, Kacprzak S, Weweler J, Leijendekker LH, Kratzert D, Plattner DA. Mechanism of the TiIII-Catalyzed Acyloin-Type Umpolung: A Catalyst-Controlled Radical Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:14396-405. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, ‡Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, and §Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Feurer
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, ‡Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, and §Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Frey
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, ‡Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, and §Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alberto Steffani
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, ‡Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, and §Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sylwia Kacprzak
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, ‡Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, and §Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Weweler
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, ‡Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, and §Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leonardus H. Leijendekker
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, ‡Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, and §Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Kratzert
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, ‡Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, and §Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar A. Plattner
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, ‡Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, and §Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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19
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Jahn E, Smrček J, Pohl R, Císařová I, Jones PG, Jahn U. Facile and Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis ofsyn- andcis-1,2-Diol Derivatives from Protected α-Hydroxy Ketones. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Yamada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Tomioka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts; Kyoto Japan
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21
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Rosales A, Rodríguez-García I, Muñoz-Bascón J, Roldan-Molina E, Padial NM, Morales LP, García-Ocaña M, Oltra JE. The Nugent Reagent: A Formidable Tool in Contemporary Radical and Organometallic Chemistry. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Talukdar D, Borah S, Chaudhuri MK. Bis(acetylacetonato)copper(II) catalyzed oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) for the synthesis of α-acyloxy ethers through direct activation of α-C(sp3)–H bond of cyclic ether. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Luu HT, Wiesler S, Frey G, Streuff J. A Titanium(III)-Catalyzed Reductive Umpolung Reaction for the Synthesis of 1,1-Disubstituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines. Org Lett 2015; 17:2478-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hieu-Trinh Luu
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wiesler
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Frey
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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24
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Saito H, Kanetake T, Osaka K, Maeda K, Morita T, Yoshimi Y. A strategy for generating alkyl radicals from aliphatic esters and lactones via sequential hydrolysis and photoinduced decarboxylation. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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25
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Rossi B, Pastori N, Prosperini S, Punta C. Multicomponent versus domino reactions: One-pot free-radical synthesis of β-amino-ethers and β-amino-alcohols. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:66-73. [PMID: 25670994 PMCID: PMC4311587 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Following an optimized multicomponent procedure, an aryl amine, a ketone, and a cyclic ether or an alcohol molecule are assembled in a one-pot synthesis by nucleophilic radical addition of ketyl radicals to ketimines generated in situ. The reaction occurs under mild conditions by mediation of the TiCl4/Zn/t-BuOOH system, leading to the formation of quaternary β-amino-ethers and -alcohols. The new reaction conditions guarantee good selectivity by preventing the formation of secondary products. The secondary products are possibly derived from a competitive domino reaction, which involves further oxidation of the ketyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta" - Politecnico di Milano, Via Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20131 Milano, Italy; Fax (+39)0223993180
| | - Nadia Pastori
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta" - Politecnico di Milano, Via Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20131 Milano, Italy; Fax (+39)0223993180
| | - Simona Prosperini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta" - Politecnico di Milano, Via Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20131 Milano, Italy; Fax (+39)0223993180
| | - Carlo Punta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta" - Politecnico di Milano, Via Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20131 Milano, Italy; Fax (+39)0223993180
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26
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Prieto C, González Delgado JA, Arteaga JF, Jaraíz M, López-Pérez JL, Barrero AF. Homocoupling versus reduction of radicals: an experimental and theoretical study of Ti(iii)-mediated deoxygenation of activated alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:3462-9. [PMID: 25665946 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02290d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A detailed study corroborates that the Ti(iii)-mediated reductive deoxygenation of activated -OH proceeds via an allyl(benzyl)-radical and allyl(benzyl)-Ti, which is protonated, regioselectively in the case of allylic derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Prieto
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Biotechnology
- University of Granada
- 18071 Granada
- Spain
| | - José A. González Delgado
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Biotechnology
- University of Granada
- 18071 Granada
- Spain
| | - Jesús F. Arteaga
- CIQSO – Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry
- and Department of Chemical Engineering
- Physical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry
- University of Huelva
- 21071 Huelva
| | - Martín Jaraíz
- Department of Electronics
- ETSIT
- University of Valladolid
- Valladolid
- Spain
| | - José L. López-Pérez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry-IBSAL-CIETUS
- University of Salamanca
- 37071 Salamanca
- Spain
| | - Alejandro F. Barrero
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Biotechnology
- University of Granada
- 18071 Granada
- Spain
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27
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Bichovski P, Haas TM, Kratzert D, Streuff J. Synthesis of Bridged Benzazocines and Benzoxocines by a Titanium-Catalyzed Double-Reductive Umpolung Strategy. Chemistry 2014; 21:2339-42. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Tauber J, Imbri D, Opatz T. Radical addition to iminium ions and cationic heterocycles. Molecules 2014; 19:16190-222. [PMID: 25310148 PMCID: PMC6270771 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191016190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-centered radicals represent highly useful reactive intermediates in organic synthesis. Their nucleophilic character is reflected by fast additions to electron deficient C=X double bonds as present in iminium ions or cationic heterocycles. This review covers diverse reactions of preformed or in situ-generated cationic substrates with various types of C-radicals, including alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, trifluoromethyl, aryl, acyl, carbamoyl, and alkoxycarbonyl species. Despite its high reactivity, the strong interaction of the radical's SOMO with the LUMO of the cation frequently results in a high regioselectivity. Intra- and intermolecular processes such as the Minisci reaction, the Porta reaction, and the Knabe rearrangement will be discussed along with transition metal and photoredox catalysis or electrochemical methods to generate the odd-electron species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Tauber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dennis Imbri
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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29
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Streuff J. Reductive umpolung reactions with low-valent titanium catalysts. CHEM REC 2014; 14:1100-13. [PMID: 25234255 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of similarly polarized carbon fragments can be achieved by a reductive umpolung strategy. This gives access to compounds with functional groups in even bond distances, which are difficult to synthesize by other means. Low-valent titanium catalysts enable such couplings under mild conditions. This account covers the recent progress on this topic with a focus on the development of cross-selective coupling reactions and stereoselective examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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30
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Copper catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of aromatic amines with 2-pyrrolidinone: a facile synthesis of N-aryl-γ-amino-γ-lactams. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Griesbeck AG, Reckenthäler M. Homogeneous and heterogeneous photoredox-catalyzed hydroxymethylation of ketones and keto esters: catalyst screening, chemoselectivity and dilution effects. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:1143-50. [PMID: 24991265 PMCID: PMC4077468 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The homogeneous titanium- and dye-catalyzed as well as the heterogeneous semiconductor particle-catalyzed photohydroxymethylation of ketones by methanol were investigated in order to evaluate the most active photocatalyst system. Dialkoxytitanium dichlorides are the most efficient species for chemoselective hydroxymethylation of acetophenone as well as other aromatic and aliphatic ketones. Pinacol coupling is the dominant process for semiconductor catalysis and ketone reduction dominates the Ti(OiPr)4/methanol or isopropanol systems. Application of dilution effects on the TiO2 catalysis leads to an increase in hydroxymethylation at the expense of the pinacol coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel G Griesbeck
- University of Cologne, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Greinstr. 4, D-50939 Köln, Germany; Fax: +49(221)470 5057
| | - Melissa Reckenthäler
- University of Cologne, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Greinstr. 4, D-50939 Köln, Germany; Fax: +49(221)470 5057
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32
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Zhang N, Samanta SR, Rosen BM, Percec V. Single Electron Transfer in Radical Ion and Radical-Mediated Organic, Materials and Polymer Synthesis. Chem Rev 2014; 114:5848-958. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400689s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Shampa R. Samanta
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Brad M. Rosen
- DuPont Titanium Technologies, Chestnut Run Plaza, Wilmington, Delaware 19805, United States
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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33
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Yoshimitsu T. Endeavors to access molecular complexity: strategic use of free radicals in natural product synthesis. CHEM REC 2014; 14:268-79. [PMID: 24677484 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201300024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals, which in the past were considered unruly chemical species, have become manageable and indispensable for synthetic organic chemistry. The unique nature of free radicals has allowed practitioners in organic synthesis to design flexible approaches to produce various materials ranging from small molecules to polymers. The present Personal Account describes the author's endeavors to create molecular complexity by the strategic use of free radicals, with an emphasis on the synthesis of bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yoshimitsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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34
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Mukherjee S, Roy R, Chandra Roy S. Titanocene(III) Chloride Mediated Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Tetrahydrofurans and a Spirolactone by Tandem Radical Reactions. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201400097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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Feurer M, Frey G, Luu HT, Kratzert D, Streuff J. The cross-selective titanium(iii)-catalysed acyloin reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:5370-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46894a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Morcillo SP, Miguel D, Campaña AG, Álvarez de Cienfuegos L, Justicia J, Cuerva JM. Recent applications of Cp2TiCl in natural product synthesis. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3qo00024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Titanocene(iii)-based approaches have been demonstrated to be useful in the straightforward syntheses of many natural products from readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara P. Morcillo
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Granada
- Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Delia Miguel
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Granada
- Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Granada
- Granada 18071, Spain
| | | | - José Justicia
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Granada
- Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Juan M. Cuerva
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Granada
- Granada 18071, Spain
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37
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Zhang L, Deng Y, Shi F. Light promoted aqueous phase amine synthesis via three-component coupling reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Barroso S, Madeira F, Calhorda MJ, Ferreira MJ, Duarte MT, Martins AM. Toward the understanding of radical reactions: experimental and computational studies of titanium(III) diamine bis(phenolate) complexes. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:9427-39. [PMID: 23924047 DOI: 10.1021/ic401008y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Radical reactions of titanium(III) [Ti((tBu2)O2NN')Cl(S)] (S = THF, 1; S = py, 2; (tBu2)O2NN' = Me2N(CH2)2N(CH2-2-O-3,5-(t)Bu2C6H2)2) are described. Reactions with neutral electron acceptors led to metal oxidation to Ti(IV), [Ti((tBu2)O2NN')Cl(TEMPO)] (4) being formed with the TEMPO radical and [Ti((tBu2)O2NN')Cl2] (9) with PhN═NPh. [Ti((tBu2)O2NN')Cl2] was also formed when [Ti((tBu2)O2NN')Cl(S)] was oxidized by [Cp2Fe][BPh4], but the [Cp2Fe][PF6] analogue yielded [Ti((tBu2)O2NN')ClF] (8). The reactions of [Ti((tBu2)O2NN')Cl(S)] with O2 gave [Ti((tBu2)O2NN')Cl]2(μ-O) (3). The DFT calculated Gibbs energy for the above reaction showed it to be exergonic (ΔG298 = -123.6 kcal·mol(-1)). [Ti((tBu2)O2NN')(CH2Ph)(S)] (S = THF, 5; py, 6) are not stable in solution for long periods and in diethyl ether gave 1:1 cocrystals of [Ti((tBu2)O2NN')(CH2Ph)2] (7) and [Ti((tBu2)O2NN')Cl]2(μ-O) (3), most probably resulting from a disproportionation process of titanium(III) followed by oxygen abstraction by the resulting Ti(II) species. The oxidation of [Ti((tBu2)O2NN')(κ(2)-{CH2-2-(NMe2)-C6H4})] (10), which is a Ti(III) benzyl stabilized by the intramolecular coordination of the NMe2 moiety, led to a complex mixture. Recrystallization of this mixture under air led to a 1:1 cocrystal of two coordination isomers of the titanium oxo dimer (3). In one of these isomers, one metal is pentacoordinate and the dimethylamine moiety of the diamine bis(phenolate) ligand is not bonded to the metal, displaying a coordination mode of the ligand never observed before. The other titanium center is distorted octahedral with two cis-phenolate moieties. In the second unit, the coordination of the two ancillary ligands to the titanium centers reveals mutually cis-phenolate groups in one-half of the molecule and trans-coordinated in the other titanium center, keeping a distorted octahedral environment around each titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Barroso
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, TU Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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39
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Frey G, Luu HT, Bichovski P, Feurer M, Streuff J. Praktische Titan(III)-katalysierte Synthese von cyclischen Aminoketonen und Pyrrolidinonen - Entwicklung einer formalen [4+1]-Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Frey G, Luu HT, Bichovski P, Feurer M, Streuff J. Convenient Titanium(III)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Cyclic Aminoketones and Pyrrolidinones-Development of a Formal [4+1] Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7131-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Velasco J, Ariza X, Badía L, Bartra M, Berenguer R, Farràs J, Gallardo J, Garcia J, Gasanz Y. Total Synthesis of Entecavir. J Org Chem 2013; 78:5482-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400607v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Velasco
- Departament de Química
Orgànica and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona
(IBUB), Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- R&D Department, Esteve Química S.A., Caracas 17-19, 08030-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Ariza
- Departament de Química
Orgànica and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona
(IBUB), Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología
de
la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Badía
- R&D Department, Esteve Química S.A., Caracas 17-19, 08030-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Bartra
- R&D Department, Esteve Química S.A., Caracas 17-19, 08030-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Berenguer
- R&D Department, Esteve Química S.A., Caracas 17-19, 08030-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Farràs
- Departament de Química
Orgànica and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona
(IBUB), Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Gallardo
- Departament de Química
Orgànica and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona
(IBUB), Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Garcia
- Departament de Química
Orgànica and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona
(IBUB), Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología
de
la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gasanz
- R&D Department, Esteve Química S.A., Caracas 17-19, 08030-Barcelona, Spain
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42
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Priyadarshini S, Joseph PJA, Kantam ML. Copper catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of carboxylic acids: an expedient route to amides, 5-substituted γ-lactams and α-acyloxy esters. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41000e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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