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Khazani H, Jalali Kondori B, Sahraei H, Meftahi GH. Terminalia chebula attenuates restraint stress-induced memory impairment and synaptic loss in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the basolateral and central nuclei of the amygdala by inhibiting oxidative damage. Brain Res Bull 2024; 213:110975. [PMID: 38734185 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Chronic restraint stress induces cognitive abnormalities through changes in synapses and oxidant levels in the amygdala and hippocampus. Given the neuroprotective effects of fruit of Terminalia chebula (Halileh) in different experimental models, the present investigation aimed to address whether Terminalia chebula is able to reduce chronic restraint stress-induced behavioral, synaptic and oxidant markers in the rat model. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: control (did not receive any treatment and were not exposed to stress), stress (restraint stress for 2 h a day for 14 consecutive days), Terminalia chebula (received 200 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia chebula), and stress + Terminalia chebula groups (received 200 mg/kg extract of Terminalia chebula twenty minutes before stress) (n = 8 in each group). We used the shuttle box test to assess learning and memory, Golgi-Cox staining to examine dendritic spine density in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus and the basolateral and central nuclei of the amygdala, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) in the brain. The shuttle box test results demonstrated that Terminalia chebula treatment had a profound positive effect on memory parameters, including step-through latency (STL) and time spent in the dark room, when compared to the stress group. Daily oral treatment with Terminalia chebula effectively suppressed the loss of neural spine density in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus and the basolateral and central nuclei of the amygdala caused by chronic restraint stress, as demonstrated by Golgi-Cox staining. Additionally, the results indicate that Terminalia chebula significantly reduced the TOS and increased TAC in the brain compared to the stress group. In conclusion, our results suggest that Terminalia chebula improved memory impairment and synaptic loss in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the basolateral and central nuclei of the amygdala induced by restraint stress via inhibiting oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Khazani
- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Jalali Kondori
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedayat Sahraei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Hossein Meftahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Cheng Y, Liu S, Wang F, Wang T, Yin L, Chen J, Fu C. Effects of Dietary Terminalia chebula Extract on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, and Intestinal Health of Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:746. [PMID: 38473130 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Terminalia chebula extract (TCE) has many physiological functions and is potentially helpful in maintaining poultry health, but its specific effect on the growth of broilers is not yet known. This research investigated the effects of dietary Terminalia chebula extract (TCE) supplementation on growth performance, immune function, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health in yellow-feathered broilers. A total of 288 one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were divided into four treatment groups (72 broilers/group), each with six replicates of 12 broilers. The broilers were given a basal diet of corn-soybean meal supplemented with 0 (control), 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg TCE for 56 d. The results demonstrated that, compared with the basal diet, the addition of TCE significantly increased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the final body weight and overall weight gain and performance and decreased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the feed-to-gain ratio in the overall period. Dietary TCE increased (linear, p < 0.05) the levels of IgM, IL-4, and IL-10 and decreased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the level of IL-6 in the serum. Dietary TCE increased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the levels of IL-2 and IL-4, decreased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the level of IL-1β, and decreased (linear, p < 0.05) the level of IL-6 in the liver. Dietary TCE increased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the level of IgM and IL-10, increased (linear, p < 0.05) the level of IgG, and decreased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the spleen. Supplementation with TCE linearly and quadratically increased (p < 0.05) the catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity activities while decreasing (p < 0.05) the malonic dialdehyde concentrations in the serum, liver, and spleen. TCE-containing diets for broilers resulted in a higher (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) villus height, a higher (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) ratio of villus height to crypt depth, and a lower (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) crypt depth compared with the basal diet. TCE significantly increased (linear, p < 0.05) the acetic and butyric acid concentrations and decreased (quadratic, p < 0.05) the isovaleric acid concentration. Bacteroidaceae and Bacteroides, which regulate the richness and diversity of microorganisms, were more abundant and contained when TCE was added to the diet. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that supplementing broilers with TCE could boost their immune function, antioxidant capacity, and gut health, improving their growth performance; they could also provide a reference for future research on TCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shida Liu
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Lichen Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiashun Chen
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chenxing Fu
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Yao G, Miao X, Wu M, Lv Z, Bai Y, Chang Y, Ouyang H, He J. Pharmacokinetics of active compounds of a Terminalia chebula Retz. Ethanolic extract after oral administration rats using UPLC-MS/MS. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1067089. [PMID: 36713843 PMCID: PMC9880438 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1067089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Terminalia chebula Retz. (TC) is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine and rich in chemical components with multiple pharmacological effects. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and used to determine the blood concentrations of nine active compounds (chebulic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, corilagin, chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid, 1,2,3,4,6-O-pentagalloylglucose, ellagic acid and ethyl gallate) after oral administration of TC extracts in rats. Pretreatment of plasma samples with protein precipitate with methanol was carried out, and caffeic acid was used as the internal standard (IS). Compounds precisions of intra- and inter-day were less than 14.6%, and the accuracy ranged from -11.7% to 13.5%. The extraction recoveries of compounds were between 84.9% and 108.4%, while matrix effects occurred between 86.4% and 115.9%. Stability tests showed that all nine analytes had been stable under four storage conditions, and statistically significant the relative standard deviations were under 13.7%. The validated UPLC-MS/MS method was applied with great success to plasma pharmacokinetics analysis of the TC extracts, and the pharmacokinetic results showed that among the nine components, the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-tn), 231112.38 ± 64555.20 h ng/mL) and maximum concentration (Cmax, 4,983.57 ± 1721.53 ng/mL) of chebulagic acid were relatively large, which indicated that it had a higher level of plasma exposure. The half-life of elimination (T1/2) of chebulinic acid, corilagin and chebulagic acid were 43.30, 26.39 and 19.98 h, respectively, suggesting that these analytes showed prolonged retention and metabolize more slowly in vivo. This study would deliver a theoretical foundation for the further application of TC in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhe Yao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinxin Miao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengxuan Wu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenguo Lv
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanxu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huizi Ouyang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun He
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Jun He,
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Terminalia chebula Medicinal Uses: A Review of in vitro and in vivo Studies. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Yang Q, Kang ZH, Zhang J, Qu F, Song B. Neuroprotective Effects of Isoquercetin: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. CELL JOURNAL 2021; 23:355-365. [PMID: 34308580 PMCID: PMC8286454 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered a neurodegenerative disease that affects the cognitive function of elderly individuals. In this study, we aimed to analyze the neuroprotective potential of isoquercetin against the in vitro and in vivo models of AD and investigated the possible underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental study was performed on PC12 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant parameters, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured. In an in vivo approach, Wistar rats were used and divided into different groups. We carried out the Morris water test to determine the cognitive function. Biochemical parameters, antioxidant parameters, and pro-inflammatory parameters were examined. RESULTS The non-toxic effect on PC12 cells was shown by isoquercetin. Isoquercetin significantly reduced the production of nitrate and ROS, along with the altered levels of antioxidants. Isoquercetin significantly (P<0.001) down-regulated proinflammatory cytokines in PC12 cells treated with LPS. In the in vivo approach, isoquercetintreated groups considerably showed the up-regulation in the latency and transfer latency time, as compared with AD groups. Isoquercetin significantly reduced Aβ-peptide, protein carbonyl, while enhanced the production of brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Isoquercetin significantly (P<0.001) reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators, as compared with AD groups. CONCLUSION Based on the results, we may infer that, through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory systems, isoquercetin prevented neurochemical and neurobehavioral modifications against the model of colchicine-induced AD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiao Yang
- Neurosurgery Department, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130000, China
| | - Z Hichen Kang
- Rehabilitation Department, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130000, China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- Neurosurgery Department, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130000, China
| | - Fuling Qu
- Rehabilitation Department, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130000, China
| | - Bin Song
- Neurosurgery Department, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130000, China.
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Liu L, Zheng B, Wang Z. Protective effects of the knockdown of lncRNA AK139328 against oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced injury in PC12 cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:621. [PMID: 34212979 PMCID: PMC8261620 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is a major cause of adult morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to participate in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). However, to the best of our knowledge, the role of lncRNA AK139328 in cerebral ischemic stroke remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to determine the expression and function of lncRNA AK139328 in the progression of IRI. PC12 cells were injured by oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to establish an in vitro ischemic stroke model. An MTT assay was performed to determine cell viability. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression levels of AK139328 and Netrin-1 in blood samples from patients who had suffered a cerebral ischemic stroke and healthy individuals or OGD/R PC12 cells. ELISAs were used to determine the levels of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, oxidative stress levels and the levels of cell apoptosis were evaluated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) kits, flow cytometry and western blotting. Immunofluorescence staining was used for the detection of cell neurite outgrowth. The results of the present study revealed that AK139328 expression levels were upregulated in patients who had suffered a cerebral ischemic stroke and in PC12 cells following stimulation with OGD/R. The knockdown of AK139328 alleviated OGD/R-induced decreases in cell viability, downregulation in Netrin-1 expression and increases in inflammatory cytokines levels, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Moreover, AK139328 silencing suppressed oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in OGD/R-treated PC12 cells. Furthermore, the expression levels of microtubule associated protein 2 and growth associated protein 43 in OGD/R-injured PC12 cells were upregulated following the knockdown of AK139328 expression. In conclusion, these findings suggested that the knockdown of AK139328 expression may protect PC12 cells against OGD/R injury by regulating inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. The data suggested a potential therapeutic target for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222042, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222042, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P.R. China
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Zhao L, Duan Z, Wang Y, Wang M, Liu Y, Wang X, Li H. Protective effect of Terminalia chebula Retz. extract against Aβ aggregation and Aβ-induced toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113640. [PMID: 33307058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Terminalia chebula Retz. (T.chebula) is an important medicinal plant in Tibetan medicine and Ayurveda. T.chebula is known as the "King of Tibetan Medicine", due to its widespread clinical pharmacological activity such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antidiabetic as well as anticancer in lots of in vivo and in vitro models. In this study, we use transgenic and/or RNAi Caenorhabditis elegans (C.elegans) model to simulation the AD pathological features induced by Aβ, to detect the effect of TWE on improving Aβ-induced toxicity and the corresponding molecular mechanism. AIM OF STUDY The study aimed to tested the activities and its possible mechanism of T.chebula to against Aβ1-42 induced toxicity and Aβ1-42 aggregation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using transgenic C.elegans strain CL2006 and CL4176 as models respond to paralytic induced by Aβ toxicity. The transcription factors DAF-16 and SKN-1 were analyzed used a fluorescence microscope in transgenic strains (DAF-16:GFP, SKN-1:GFP). The function of DAF-16 and SKN-1 was further investigated using loss-of-function strains by feeding RNA interference (RNAi) bacteria. To evaluate the aggregation level of Aβ in the transgenic C.elegans, Thioflavin S (ThS) staining and WB visualized the levels of Aβ monomers and oligomers. RESULTS TWE treatment can significantly improve the paralysis of transgenic C.elegans caused by Aβ aggregation (up to 14%). The Aβ aggregates in transgenic C.elegans are significantly inhibited under TWE exposure (up to 70%). TWE increases the nuclear localization of the key transcription factor DAF-16 and HSF-1, which in turn leads to the expression of downstream Hsp-16.2 protein and exerts its inhibitory effect on Aβ aggregation. Meanwhile, paralysis improved has not observed in SKN-1 mutation and/or RNAi C.elegans. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that TWE can protect C.elegans against the Aβ1-42-induced toxicity, inhibition Aβ1-42 aggregation and delaying Aβ-induced paralysis. The neuroprotective effect of TWE involves the activation of DAF-16/HSF-1/Hsp-16.2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhe Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ziyun Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Meizhu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Hongyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Liu Y, Liu C, Zhang X, Liu Z, Yan X. Chrysophanol protects PC12 cells against oxygen glucose deprivation-evoked injury by up-regulating miR-216a. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1433-1442. [PMID: 32401588 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1731655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral stroke refers to an acute onset of neurological deficit syndrome. In this research, we attempted to probe into the underlying mechanisms by which chrysophanol (CP) performed its regulatory roles in cerebral stroke. Methods OGD inducement was conducted in PC12 cells to construct a cerebral stroke model. Subsequently, CCK-8 assay, western blot, flow cytometry were utilized to determine cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis, respectively. qRT-PCR was employed for detecting miR-216a expression level. Afterward, cell transfection was performed to alter miR-216a expression. Further, experiments were conducted to determine the expression of crucial factors participated in PI3 K/AKT and JAK2/STAT3 pathways for exploring the underlying mechanisms. Results OGD inducement suppressed cell viability, while promoted cell apoptosis. Besides, it enhanced the expression of proliferation-associated p53, p21, and apoptosis-associated Bax, and Cleaved-caspase-3, while suppressed the expression of Bcl-2. Furthermore, CHR exposure ameliorated the effects that OGD-evoked, and elevated the expression of miR-216a, as well as the expression of crucial factors participated in PI3 K/AKT and JAK2/STAT3 pathways. However, miR-216a silencing markedly reversed the effects triggered by CHR exposure. Conclusion CHR exposure relieved OGD-evoked PC12 cell damage by elevating miR-216a expression and thereby activating of PI3 K/AKT and JAK2/STAT3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining, China
| | - Chuanqian Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining, China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining, China
| | - Xipeng Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining, China
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Nigam M, Mishra AP, Adhikari-Devkota A, Dirar AI, Hassan MM, Adhikari A, Belwal T, Devkota HP. Fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz.: A review on traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2518-2533. [PMID: 32307775 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) are widely used as crude drugs in various traditional medicine systems. The aim of this article is to review the available scientific information regarding the traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents and the pharmacological activities of T. chebula. Numerous researches conducted on T. chebula have confirmed the presence of wide range of the phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids and other bioactive compounds. T. chebula is also widely studied regarding its pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory activities among others. However, more in vivo and clinical studies for mechanism-based pharmacological evaluation should be conducted in future to provide stronger scientific evidences for their traditional uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, India
| | - Abhay P Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, India
| | | | - Amina Ibrahim Dirar
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Md Mahadi Hassan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Achyut Adhikari
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuwan University, Kritipur, Nepal
| | - Tarun Belwal
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Age related neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease: Usage of traditional herbs in therapeutics. Neurosci Lett 2020; 717:134679. [PMID: 31816333 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disease mainly associated with cognition impairment. Studies in last more than six decades have suggested that the disease pathology primarily includes the depleted cholinergic neurons, accumulation of amyloid beta plaques and hyper phosphorylation of tau proteins. However, the disease etiology remains enigmatic and no therapy is available to modify the disease status. Studies in experimental models and in post mortem brain of AD patients have suggested the involvement of oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, unfolded protein responses and apoptosis in disease pathology, yet the information is deficit to develop the disease modifying therapeutics. Owing to the need of novel effective treatment, chronic consumption of medicines with minimum side effects, recently the researchers turned towards the traditional medicines. This review is mainly focusing on the traditional herbs which have been suggested to contain disease related antidote activities and may be utilized for the effective treatment of AD patients.
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Rahimi VB, Askari VR, Shirazinia R, Soheili-Far S, Askari N, Rahmanian-Devin P, Sanei-Far Z, Mousavi SH, Ghodsi R. Protective effects of hydro-ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula on primary microglia cells and their polarization (M1/M2 balance). Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 25:5-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kim MS, Lee DY, Lee J, Kim HW, Sung SH, Han JS, Jeon WK. Terminalia chebula extract prevents scopolamine-induced amnesia via cholinergic modulation and anti-oxidative effects in mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:136. [PMID: 29716575 PMCID: PMC5930767 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) is a traditional herbal medicine that is widely used in the treatment of diabetes, immunodeficiency diseases, and stomach ulcer in Asia. However, the anti-amnesic effect of T. chebula has not yet been investigated. The present study was designed to determine whether T. chebula extract (TCE) alleviates amnesia induced by scopolamine in mice. We also investigated possible mechanisms associated with cholinergic system and anti-oxidant effects. METHODS TCE (100 or 200 mg/kg) was orally administered to mice for fourteen days (days 1-14), and scopolamine was intraperitoneally injected to induce memory impairment for seven days (days 8-14). Learning and memory status were evaluated using the Morris water maze. Hippocampal levels of acetylcholine (ACh), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were measured ex vivo. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hippocampus were also examined. RESULTS In the Morris water maze task, TCE treatment reversed scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficits in acquisition and retention. TCE reduced hippocampal AChE activities and increased ChAT and ACh levels in the scopolamine-induced model. Moreover, TCE treatment suppressed scopolamine-induced oxidative damage by ameliorating the increased levels of ROS, NO, and MDA. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that TCE exerts potent anti-amnesic effects via cholinergic modulation and anti-oxidant activity, thus providing evidence for its potential as a cognitive enhancer for amnesia.
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Shen YC, Juan CW, Lin CS, Chen CC, Chang CL. NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF TERMINALIA CHEBULA EXTRACTS AND ELLAGIC ACID IN PC12 CELLS. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2017. [PMID: 28638863 PMCID: PMC5471469 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i4.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the common neurodegenerative disorders among elderly. The purpose of this study was to determine the neuroprotective effect and mechanisms of action underlying the Terminalia chebula extracts and ellagic acid by using beta-amyloid25-35 (Aβ25-35)-induced cell toxicity in an undifferentiated pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell line. Materials and Methods: The T. chebula extracts were prepared using the methanol, water, and 95% ethanol. Specifically, the ellagic acid was obtained in our laboratory. Assays including cell toxicity and changes in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium level were evaluated to examine the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of the T. chebula extracts and ellagic acid. Results: The methanolic and water extracts of T. chebula and ellagic acid exhibited the strongest neuroprotective activity against Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cell damages at 0.5–5.0 μg/ml. The ellagic acid also exhibited partial neuroprotective activity against H2O2-induced PC12 cell damages at 0.5–5.0 μg/ml. The methanolic and water extracts of T. chebula and ellagic acid protected PC12 cells from Aβ25-35-mediated cell damages and enhanced cell viability thorough two key mechanisms by: (1) inhibiting ROS production and (2) reducing calcium ion influx. Conclusion: The T. chebula represents a promising plant-source as medicine in the application for the treatment of AD. Further investigation focusing on the active component of T. chebula extracts e.g., ellagic acid is crucial to verify the neuroprotective efficacy and mechanisms in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Chiang Shen
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science, Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chi-Wen Juan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Department of Nursing, HungKuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Che-San Lin
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, HungKuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chien-Chih Chen
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, HungKuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chia-Lin Chang
- Department of Nursing, HungKuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Research Institute of Biotechnology, HungKuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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Sadeghnia HR, Jamshidi R, Afshari AR, Mollazadeh H, Forouzanfar F, Rakhshandeh H. Terminalia chebula attenuates quinolinate-induced oxidative PC12 and OLN-93 cell death. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2017; 14:60-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Mehan S, Kaur R, Khanna D, Kalra S, Parveen S. Precautionary Ellagic Acid Treatment Ameliorates Chronically Administered Scopolamine Induced Alzheimer's Type Memory and Cognitive Dysfunctions in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5567/pharmacologia.2015.192.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Sulfiredoxin-1 protects primary cultured astrocytes from ischemia-induced damage. Neurochem Int 2015; 82:19-27. [PMID: 25620665 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes appear to be important regulators of the inflammatory events that occur in stroke. Sulfiredoxin-1 (Srxn1), an endogenous antioxidant protein, exhibits neuroprotective effects. Although the mechanism by which Srxn1 negatively regulates oxidative and apoptotic pathways has been extensively characterized, the impact of Srxn1 on inflammation has not been well studied. In this study, we used oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by recovery (OGD/R) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to mimic stress from cerebral ischemic damage on primary cultured astrocytes. We found that knockdown of Srxn1 by two shRNAs resulted in decreased cell viability of astrocytes. Decreased level of Srxn1 also correlated with excessive levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as TNF-α, MPO, IL-1β, and IL-6. In addition, Srxn1 appeared to influence the strength of TLR4 signaling pathway; the expression of COX-2, IL-6, and NOS2 were strongly induced by OGD/R and H2O2 in astrocyte cultures with Srxn1-shRNAs. Our results suggested that loss of Srxn1 expression in astrocytes may cause excessive activation of inflammatory responses which contribute to OGD/R- and H2O2-induced cell death. Restoring Srxn1 function by gene therapy and/or pharmacology emerges as a promising strategy for the treatment of stroke and other chronic neurodegenerative diseases.
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17
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Gaire BP, Kim H. Neuroprotective effects of Fructus Chebulae extracts on experimental models of cerebral ischemia. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2014; 34:69-75. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(14)60057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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