1
|
Ryu J, Kwon SJ, Ahn JW, Jo YD, Kim SH, Jeong SW, Lee MK, Kim JB, Kang SY. Phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in the kenaf plant (Hibiscus cannabinus L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5010/jpb.2017.44.2.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaihyunk Ryu
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongup, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea
| | - Soon-Jae Kwon
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongup, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea
| | - Joon-Woo Ahn
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongup, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea
| | - Yeong Deuk Jo
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongup, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongup, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea
| | - Sang Wook Jeong
- Jangheung Research Institute for Mushroom Industry, Jangheung 59338, Korea
| | - Min Kyu Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongup, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea
| | - Jin-Baek Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongup, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea
| | - Si-Yong Kang
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongup, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fernandes FHA, Salgado HRN. Gallic Acid: Review of the Methods of Determination and Quantification. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2017; 46:257-65. [PMID: 26440222 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2015.1095064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Gallic acid (3,4,5 trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a secondary metabolite present in most plants. This metabolite is known to exhibit a range of bioactivities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. There are various methods to analyze gallic acid including spectrometry, chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis, among others. They have been developed to identify and quantify this active ingredient in most biological matrices. The aim of this article is to review the available information on analytical methods for gallic acid, as well as presenting the advantages and limitations of each technique.
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu JG, Kan YJ, Wu YB, Yi J, Chen TQ, Wu JZ. Hepatoprotective effect of ganoderma triterpenoids against oxidative damage induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide in human hepatic HepG2 cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:919-929. [PMID: 26457919 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1091481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ganoderma triterpenoids (GTs) have been recognised as an important bioactive ingredient in Ganoderma Lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst. (Polyporaceae), widely used for treating and preventing chronic hepatopathy of various etiologies. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to better understand the hepatoprotective effect of GTs and to enhance their use in food supplement pharmaceutical and medical industries. MATERIALS AND METHODS HepG2 cells were pretreated in the presence or absence of GTs (50, 100 and 200 μg/ml) for 4 h, then exposed with 60 μmol/L of t-BHP for an additional 4 h. The cell viability was evaluated by MTT method. ALT, AST and LDH production in culture medium and intracellular MDA, GSH and SOD levels were determined. Moreover, the total triterpenoid content and chemical constituents in GTs were detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and HPLC/Q-TOF-MS, respectively. RESULTS GTs (50, 100 and 200 μg/ml) significantly increased the relative cell viability by 4.66, 7.78 and 13.46%, respectively, and reduced the level of ALT by 11.44%, 33.41% and 51.24%, AST by 10.05%, 15.63% and 33.64%, and LDH by 16.03%, 23.4% and 24.07% in culture medium, respectively. GTs could also remarkably decrease the level of MDA and increase the content of GSH and SOD in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the total triterpenoid content in GTs was 438 mg GAAEs/g GTs. And 16 triterpenoids in GTs were identified or tentatively characterised. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our results showed that GTs had potent cytoprotective effect against oxidative damage induced by t-BHP in HepG2 cells, thus suggesting their potential use as liver protectant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Wu
- a Academy of Integrative Medicine , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , China
| | - Yong-Jun Kan
- a Academy of Integrative Medicine , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , China
| | - Yan-Bin Wu
- a Academy of Integrative Medicine , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , China
| | - Jun Yi
- b Department of Chemistry and Life Science , Fujian Institute of Education , Fuzhou , China , and
| | - Ti-Qiang Chen
- c Institute of Edible Fungi, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Fuzhou , PR China
| | - Jin-Zhong Wu
- a Academy of Integrative Medicine , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Da Silva RDCVDAF, de Souza P, Crestani S, Gasparotto Júnior A, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, da Silva-Santos JE. Hypotensive and diuretic effect of the butanolic soluble fraction of the hydroethanolic extract of bark of Scutia buxifolia Reissek in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 172:395-401. [PMID: 26164074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scutia buxifolia, a native tree popularly known as "coronilha", is widely used in Brazilian folk medicine for diuretic and anti-hypertensive purposes. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the effects of a butanolic (BuOH) soluble fraction of the hydroethanolic extract (HESB) of bark of Scutia buxifolia on both blood pressure and urinary excretion of rats. The involvement of the nitric oxide/guanylate cyclase pathway in the hypotensive effect found was also explored. MATERIAL AND METHODS We tested the effect of the BuOH soluble fraction of HESB on the mean arterial pressure (MAP) of anesthetized rats. The fraction was administered at doses of 1, 3 and 10mg/kg (i.v.) in normotensive rats during continuous infusion of vehicle (10 μl/min), or phenylephrine (4 μg/kg/min), or l-NAME (7 mg/kg/min), two approaches able to induce a sustained hypertensive state. In some experiments, a bolus injection of ODQ (2mg/kg) was administered in animals infused with phenylephrine before the administration of the BuOH soluble fraction of HESB. We also measured the effects of the BuOH soluble fraction on the MAP of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Separate groups of rats were treated orally with either HESB (10, 30 or 100mg/kg), or its BuOH soluble fraction (3, 10 or 30 mg/kg), and were subjected to measurement of diuresis and blood pressure. RESULTS The BuOH soluble fraction of HESB (10mg/kg, i.v.) reduced the MAP of both phenylephrine-infused and SHR rats by 20.6 ± 6.0 and 41.8 ± 8.3 mm Hg, respectively. However, no hypotensive effect was found in normotensive animals infused with l-NAME, a non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, or animals previously treated with the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ. The urinary excretion was increased by 70% at 6-8h after a single oral administration of the BuOH soluble fraction of HESB (10mg/kg), without change in urinary density, pH, or Na(+) and K(+) concentrations. In addition, MAP was lower 3h after the acute oral treatment with the BuOH soluble fraction (82.1 ± 3.8 mm Hg), compared with MAP of animals from the control group (97 ± 3.2 mm Hg). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the BuOH soluble fraction of the hydroethanolic bark of Scutia buxifolia, which has its bark used in folk medicine for the treatment of hypertension mainly by its presumed diuretic properties, possesses both diuretic and hypotensive effects in rats, and that at least the hypotensive effect is fully dependent on activation of the nitric oxide/guanylate cyclase pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandra Crestani
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Aline A Boligon
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Margareth L Athayde
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo da Silva-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Boligon AA, de Freitas RB, de Brum TF, Waczuk EP, Klimaczewski CV, de Ávila DS, Athayde ML, de Freitas Bauermann L. Antiulcerogenic activity of Scutia buxifolia on gastric ulcers induced by ethanol in rats. Acta Pharm Sin B 2014; 4:358-67. [PMID: 26579405 PMCID: PMC4629092 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric ulcers affect many people around the world and their development is a result of the imbalance between aggressive and protective factors in the gastric mucosa. Scutia buxifolia, commonly known as coronilha, has attracted the interest of the scientific community due to its pharmacological properties and its potential therapeutic applications. In this study, the preventive effects of the crude extract of Scutia buxifolia (ceSb) against gastric ulcer induced by 70% ethanol were evaluated in male Wistar rats. In addition, the composition of ceSb was clarified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). S. buxifolia extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) attenuated oxidative and histopathological features induced by ethanol. Moreover, all evaluated doses of ceSb caused significant (P<0.001 and P<0.0001) and dose-dependent increase in sulfhydryl groups (NPSH) levels, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Furthermore, the administration of ceSb reversed the increase in lipid peroxidation produced by ethanol. The protective effect of the extract could be attributed to antioxidant compounds present in the ceSb, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, which were quantified by HPLC. Thus, an antioxidant effect of the extract leads to a protection on gastric tissue. These results indicate that S. buxifolia could have a beneficial role against ethanol toxicity by preventing oxidative stress and gastric tissue injury.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo trypanocidal activity of free and nanoencapsulated curcumin against Trypanosoma evansi. In vitro efficacy of free curcumin (CURC) and curcumin-loaded in lipid-core nanocapsules (C-LNCs) was evaluated to verify their lethal effect on T. evansi. To perform the in vivo tests, T. evansi-infected animals were treated with CURC (10 and 100 mg kg(-1), intraperitoneally [i.p.]) and C-LNCs (10 mg kg(-1), i.p.) during 6 days, with the results showing that these treatments significantly attenuated the parasitaemia. Infected untreated rats showed protein peroxidation and an increase of nitrites/nitrates, whereas animals treated with curcumin showed a reduction on these variables. As a result, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) differs between groups (P<0.05). Infected animals and treated with CURC exhibited a reduction in the levels of alanine aminotransferase and creatinine, when compared with the positive control group. The use of curcumin in vitro resulted in a better parasitaemia control, an antioxidant activity and a protective effect on liver and kidney functions of T. evansi-infected adult male Wistar rats.
Collapse
|
7
|
da Silva ARH, Moreira LDR, Brum EDS, de Freitas ML, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Roman SS, Mazzanti CM, Brandão R. Biochemical and hematological effects of acute and sub-acute administration to ethyl acetate fraction from the stem bark Scutia buxifolia Reissek in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:908-916. [PMID: 24704489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scutia buxifolia is a native tree of Southern Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina, which is popularly known as "coronilha" and it is used as a cardiotonic, antihypertensive and diuretic substance. The aim of this study was to assess the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the ethyl acetate fraction from the stem bark Scutia buxifolia in male and female mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The toxicity studies were based on the guidelines of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD-guidelines 423 and 407). In an acute study, a single dose of 2000 mg/kg of Scutia buxifolia was administered orally to male and female mice. Mortality, behavioral changes, and biochemical and hematological parameters were evaluated. In the sub-acute study, Scutia buxifolia was administered orally to male and female mice at doses of 100, 200, and 400mg/kg/day for 28 days. Behavioral changes and biochemical, hematological, and histological analysis were evaluated. RESULTS The acute administration of Scutia buxifolia did not cause changes in behavior or mortality. Male and female mice presented decreased levels of platelets. Female mice presented decreased levels of leukocytes. On the other hand, in a sub-acute toxicity study, we observed no behavioral changes in male or female mice. Our results demonstrated a reduction in glucose levels in male mice treated to 200 and 400mg/kg of Scutia buxifolia. Aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) activity was increased by Scutia buxifolia at 400mg/kg in male mice. In relation to the hematological parameters, male mice presented a reduction in hemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT) when treated to 400mg/kg of plant fraction. Female mice showed no change in these parameters. Histopathological examination of liver tissue showed slight abnormalities that were consistent with the biochemical variations observed. CONCLUSION Scutia buxifolia, after acute administration, may be classified as safe (category 5), according to the OECD guide. However, the alterations observed, after sub-acute administration with high doses of ethyl acetate fraction from the stem bark Scutia buxifolia, suggest that repeated administration of this fraction plant can cause adverse hepatic, renal, and hematological effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia R H da Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Laís da R Moreira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Evelyne da S Brum
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mayara L de Freitas
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline A Boligon
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Laboratório de Pesquisa Fitoquímica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Margareth L Athayde
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Laboratório de Pesquisa Fitoquímica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvane S Roman
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Campus de Erechim, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Cinthia M Mazzanti
- Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Brandão
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|