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Dutta S. Catalytic Transformation of Carbohydrates into Renewable Organic Chemicals by Revering the Principles of Green Chemistry. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:26805-26825. [PMID: 38947803 PMCID: PMC11209912 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Adherence to the principles of green chemistry in a biorefinery setting ensures energy efficiency, reduces the consumption of materials, simplifies reactor design, and rationalizes the process parameters for synthesizing affordable organic chemicals of desired functional efficacy and ingrained sustainability. The green chemistry metrics facilitate assessing the relative merits and demerits of alternative synthetic pathways for the targeted product(s). This work elaborates on how green chemistry has emerged as a transformative framework and inspired innovations toward the catalytic conversion of biomass-derived carbohydrates into fuels, chemicals, and synthetic polymers. Specific discussions have been incorporated on the judicious selection of feedstock, reaction parameters, reagents (stoichiometric or catalytic), and other synthetic auxiliaries to obtain the targeted product(s) in desired selectivity and yield. The prospects of a carbohydrate-centric biorefinery have been emphasized and research avenues have been proposed to eliminate the remaining roadblocks. The analyses presented in this review will steer to developing superior synthetic strategies and processes for envisaging a sustainable bioeconomy centered on biomass-derived carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK), Surathkal, Mangalore-575025, Karnataka, India
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2
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Bueno Morón J, Arbore F, van Klink GPM, Mascal M, Gruter GJM. Industrial Routes from Sugars and Biomass to CMF and Other 5-(Halomethyl)furfurals. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400495. [PMID: 38899763 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of 5-(halomethyl)furfurals (XMFs, X=F, Cl, Br, I), including 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF), 5-(bromomethyl)furfural (BMF), 5-(iodomethyl)furfural (IMF), and 5-(fluoromethyl)furfural (FMF), from biomass represents a pivotal advancement in renewable chemistry and engineering. Harnessing waste biomass as a raw material offers a sustainable alternative to fossil-based resources, mitigating environmental degradation and addressing pressing energy needs. CMF and BMF, characterized by their enhanced stability over the hydroxyl analog, 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), exhibit promise as renewable building blocks for scale-up and commercialization. The surge in research interest, particularly from 2010 to 2024, reflects a growing recognition of XMFs' potential as novel platform chemicals. This review highlights the evolution of XMF synthesis methods, focusing on their transformation from saccharides and lignocellulosic biomass. Mechanistic insights and experimental setups are scrutinized for industrial feasibility and scalability, shedding light on technical challenges and avenues for further research. The analysis underscores the burgeoning significance of XMFs in the transition towards sustainable chemical production, emphasizing the importance of process optimization and mechanistic understanding for commercial deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Bueno Morón
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Avantium Chemicals BV, Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Federica Arbore
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard P M van Klink
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Avantium Chemicals BV, Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Mascal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Gert-Jan M Gruter
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Avantium Chemicals BV, Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Singh M, Pandey N, Mishra BB. A divergent approach for the synthesis of (hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) from spent aromatic biomass-derived (chloromethyl)furfural (CMF) as a renewable feedstock. RSC Adv 2020; 10:45081-45089. [PMID: 35516261 PMCID: PMC9058557 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09310f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraction of commercial essential oil from several aromatic species belonging to the genus Cymbopogon results in the accumulation of huge spent aromatic waste which does not have high value application; instead, the majority is burned or disposed of to vacate fields. Open burning of spent aromatic biomass causes deterioration of the surrounding air quality. Therefore, a new protocol has been developed for chemical processing of spent biomass to obtain 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF) with high selectivity (∼80%) and yields (∼26 wt% or ∼76 mol% with respect to pre-treated biomass) via refluxing in aqueous HCl in the presence of NaCl as a cheap catalyst. No black tar formation and gasification were observed in the processing of the spent aromatic biomass. Spent aromatic waste-derived CMF was further converted to 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) in good yields by a novel one pot method using iodosylbenzene (PhIO) as a reagent under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangat Singh
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB) Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar Mohali-140306 Punjab India +91-172-5221541
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Panjab University Chandigarh-160014 India
| | - Nishant Pandey
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB) Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar Mohali-140306 Punjab India +91-172-5221541
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Panjab University Chandigarh-160014 India
| | - Bhuwan B Mishra
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB) Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar Mohali-140306 Punjab India +91-172-5221541
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4
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Onkarappa SB, Dutta S. Phase Transfer Catalyst Assisted One‐Pot Synthesis of 5‐(Chloromethyl)furfural from Biomass‐Derived Carbohydrates in a Biphasic Batch Reactor. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saikat Dutta
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK), Surathka Mangalore- 575025, Karnataka India
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Onkarappa SB, Dutta S. High‐Yielding Synthesis of 5‐(alkoxymethyl)furfurals from Biomass‐Derived 5‐(halomethyl)furfural (X=Cl, Br). ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saikat Dutta
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK), Surathkal Mangalore- 575025, Karnataka India
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Popov AB, Stolić I, Krstulović L, Taylor MC, Kelly JM, Tomić S, Tumir L, Bajić M, Raić-Malić S. Novel symmetric bis-benzimidazoles: Synthesis, DNA/RNA binding and antitrypanosomal activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 173:63-75. [PMID: 30986572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The novel benzimidazol-2-yl-fur-5-yl-(1,2,3)-triazolyl dimeric series with aliphatic and aromatic central linkers was successfully prepared with the aim of assessing binding affinity to DNA/RNA and antitrypanosomal activity. UV-Visible spectroscopy, thermal denaturation showed interaction of heterocyclic bis-amidines with ctDNA. Circular dichroism studies indicated uniform orientation of heterocyclic bis-amidines along the chiral double helix axis, revealing minor groove binding as the dominant binding mode. The amidino fragment and 1,4-bis(oxymethylene)phenyl spacer were the main determinants of activity against Trypanosoma brucei. The bis-benzimidazole imidazoline 15c, which had antitrypanosomal potency in the submicromolar range and DNA interacting properties, emerged as a candidate for further structural optimization to obtain more effective agents to combat trypanosome infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bistrović Popov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - I Stolić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - L Krstulović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M C Taylor
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - J M Kelly
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - S Tomić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - L Tumir
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Bajić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Raić-Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Salim KMM, Shamsiya A, Damodaran B. Green Synthesis of Fluorescent Peptidomimetic Triazoles from Biomass-Derived 5-(Chloromethyl)furfural. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aranhikkal Shamsiya
- Department of Chemistry; University of Calicut, Malappuram-; 673635 Kerala India
| | - Bahulayan Damodaran
- Department of Chemistry; University of Calicut, Malappuram-; 673635 Kerala India
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Yoo CG, Zhang S, Pan X. Effective conversion of biomass into bromomethylfurfural, furfural, and depolymerized lignin in lithium bromide molten salt hydrate of a biphasic system. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25025d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A biphasic system including acidic lithium bromide trihydrate effectively converted lignocellulosic biomass into bromomethylfurfural (BMF), furfural (FF) and depolymerized lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
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9
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Zhang YR, Li N, Li MF, Fan YM. Highly efficient conversion of microcrystalline cellulose to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural in a homogeneous reaction system. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22129c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A homogenous reaction system with zinc chloride hydrate was explored for the synthesis of 5-HMF from MCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ru Zhang
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Nan Li
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Ming-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yong-Ming Fan
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing
- China
- Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
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Howard J, Rackemann DW, Zhang Z, Moghaddam L, Bartley JP, Doherty WOS. Effect of pretreatment on the formation of 5-chloromethyl furfural derived from sugarcane bagasse. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20203e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The highest CMF yield (81.9%) was achieved with acidic ionic liquid pretreated bagasse, which had a glucan content of 81.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Howard
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Darryn W. Rackemann
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Lalehvash Moghaddam
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - John P. Bartley
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - William O. S. Doherty
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
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11
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Rajmohan R, Gayathri S, Vairaprakash P. Facile synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural: a sustainable raw material for the synthesis of key intermediates toward 21,23-dioxaporphyrins. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19400h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In a simple and conceptually designed method for the dehydration of fructose on a solid support, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was synthesized in more than 95% isolated yield from fructose under very mild conditions at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajamani Rajmohan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA University
- Thanjavur, India
| | - Subramaniyan Gayathri
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA University
- Thanjavur, India
| | - Pothiappan Vairaprakash
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA University
- Thanjavur, India
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12
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Mascal M. Comment on Gao, W., et al. "Efficient one-pot synthesis of 5-chloromethyl-furfural (CMF) from carbohydrates in mild biphasic systems", Molecules 2013, 18, 7675-7685. Molecules 2014; 19:1367-9. [PMID: 24451255 PMCID: PMC6271857 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19011367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent paper entitled "Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of 5-Chloromethyl-furfural (CMF) from Carbohydrates in Mild Biphasic Systems," published in Molecules [1], Gao and coworkers describe the use of a biphasic aq. HCl-H3PO4/CHCl3 reagent for the preparation of CMF from various feedstocks. The maximum yield (46.8%) was obtained from fructose by reaction at 45 °C for 20 h. While sucrose gave a similar yield, the same reaction with glucose and cellulose gave 7.3% and 7.8% yields, respectively. Remarkably, the same process applied to Kraft pulp and powdered wood samples gave between 16.0% and 31.4% CMF, based on sugar content. Looking to the Experimental section for insight into this unusual outcome, the statement, "the procedure of treating lignocellulose sample (Table 6) was almost the same as the carbohydrate, except adding the selected simple 1.0 mg each trial " [sic] appears, which is difficult to interpret.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mascal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Chemical-Catalytic Approaches to the Production of Furfurals and Levulinates from Biomass. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2014; 353:41-83. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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