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Ruzibaeva RM, Bobakulov KM, Mukarramov NI, Tashkhodzhaev B, Okmanov RY, Nigmatullaev AM, Abdullaev ND. Rinderidine and oblongifolidine new pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Rindera oblongifolia M. Popov and their absolute configurations. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1157-1167. [PMID: 36255127 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2134865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The alkaloid composition of Rindera oblongifolia was studied, in which the pyrrolizidine alkaloids echinatine and trachelanthamine N-oxide, as well as two new quaternary salts namely rinderidine and the oblongifolidine were isolated. The structures of the isolated new alkaloids were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy. The absolute configuration of lindelofine, trachelanthamine N-oxide, rinderidine and oblongifolidine was established by single crystal X-ray diffraction as: 1 R, 4 R, 8 R, 2'S, 3'R; 1 R, 4S, 8S, 2'S, 3'R; 4 R, 7S, 8 R, 2'S, 3'S; 4 R, 7S, 8 R, 2'S, 3'S (7''S, 8''R) respectively. Both new pyrrolizidine alkaloids showed no cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines such as HeLa, НEр-2, HBL-100 and CCRF-CEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Ruzibaeva
- Department of Chemistry of Alkaloids, Acad. S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Kh M Bobakulov
- Department of Physical Methods of Research, Acad. S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - N I Mukarramov
- Department of Chemistry of Alkaloids, Acad. S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - B Tashkhodzhaev
- Department of Physical Methods of Research, Acad. S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - R Ya Okmanov
- Department of Physical Methods of Research, Acad. S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - A M Nigmatullaev
- Department of Medicinal and Technical Plants, Acad. S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - N D Abdullaev
- Department of Physical Methods of Research, Acad. S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
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Valleti P, Kumar V, Ramayanam PK, Gopalappa R, Vijendra Dittekoppa P, CM A, Sillanpaa M, Al-Farraj S. Multifaceted Anticancer Potential of Gnidia glauca (Fresen.) Gilg Leaf Alkaloids: Impact on Multiple Cellular Targets. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9615-9624. [PMID: 38434881 PMCID: PMC10905703 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Gnidia glauca (Fresen.) Gilg has demonstrated significant anticancer potential through multiple mechanisms, including apoptosis induction, as shown by the TUNEL assay against MCF-7 cells, modulation of tubulin polymerization, preservation of mitochondrial function indicated by the JC-1 assay, and inhibition of DNA polymerase α and β activities. Rationale for the present study is to investigate the potential anticancer properties of G. glauca leaf alkaloid extract. Fresh and healthy G. glauca leaves were cleaned, shade-dried, and the powder was defatted, extracted with 10% acetic acid in ethanol, and subjected for alkaloid extraction. The partially purified G. glauca leaf alkaloid extract was evaluated for its effects on tubulin polymerization, DNA polymerase activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis studies using human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells by flow cytometry. The extract was found to affect microtubule assembly in a concentration-dependent manner (15.125-250 μg/mL), indicating presence of alkaloids that function as spindle poison agents. Leaf alkaloid extract of G. glauca was also found to affect the mitochondrial membrane potential with IC50 value 144.51 μg/mL, and inhibited DNA polymerase α and β activities dose dependently, thus potentially interfering with DNA replication and repair processes. Leaf alkaloid extract also showed the potential to induce DNA damage of 53.6%, albeit somewhat less than the standard drug camptothecin (64.94%) as confirmed by the TUNEL assay. Additionally, the GgLAE (IC50 144.51 μg/mL) showed significant inhibition of MCF-7 cells proliferation after 24 h, revealing phase arrests in sub G0/G1, S, and G2/M. These findings suggest that G. glauca leaf alkaloid extract contains alkaloids that possess anticancer properties with multiple targets, making the plant a natural source for a promising phytochemical drug candidates for further evaluation in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Further investigations are warranted to determine the efficacy, safety, identification and characterization of the alkaloids, and evaluate and determine their potential applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorna
Vivek Valleti
- Department
of Studies in Biochemistry, Davangere University, Shivagangothri Davangere 577007, Karnataka, India
| | - Vadlapudi Kumar
- Department
of Studies in Biochemistry, Davangere University, Shivagangothri Davangere 577007, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Ramayanam
- Department
of Studies in Biochemistry, Davangere University, Shivagangothri Davangere 577007, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranjitha Gopalappa
- Department
of Studies in Biochemistry, Davangere University, Shivagangothri Davangere 577007, Karnataka, India
| | - Poornima Vijendra Dittekoppa
- Department
of Studies in Food Technology, Davangere
University, Shivagangothri
Davangere 577007, Karnataka, India
| | - Anuradha CM
- Department
of Biotechnology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, S.V. Puramu Ananthapuramu 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mika Sillanpaa
- Adnan
Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American
University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Saleh Al-Farraj
- Department
of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud
University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Olalere OA, Gan C, Taiwo AE, Alenezi H, Maqsood S, Adeyi O. Investigating the Microwave Parameters Correlating Effects on Total Recovery of Bioactive Alkaloids from Sesame Leaves using Orthogonal Matrix and Artificial Neural Network Integration. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olusegun Abayomi Olalere
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia University Innovation Incubator Building Sains@USM, Lebuh Bukit Jambul Penang Malaysia
| | - Chee‐Yuen Gan
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia University Innovation Incubator Building Sains@USM, Lebuh Bukit Jambul Penang Malaysia
| | - Abiola Ezekiel Taiwo
- Department of Chemical Engineering Landmark University Omu‐Aran Kwara State Nigeria
| | - Hamoud Alenezi
- Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT) Research Institute for Sustainable Environment School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
| | - Sajid Maqsood
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine United Arab Emirates University Al Ain United Arab Emirates
| | - Oladayo Adeyi
- Department of Chemical Engineering Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Abia State Nigeria
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HPLC-PDA-ESI-HRMS-Based Profiling of Secondary Metabolites of Rindera graeca Anatomical and Hairy Roots Treated with Drought and Cold Stress. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060931. [PMID: 35326382 PMCID: PMC8946546 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To cope with environmental harmful conditions, plant cells developed adaptive strategy that involves production of a wide variety of complex secondary metabolites. The spectrum and quantity of biosynthesized compounds in specific plant species is determined by its genotype, tissue, developmental and physiological stage and environmental factors. This phenomenon was used to exploit the potential of anatomical and hairy root cultures of Rindera graeca to produce bioactive compounds. Cultivated in vitro roots were subjected to abiotic stresses i.e., drought or coldness. Next the extract profiling was performed using HPLC-PDA-ESI-HRMS method, as well quantitative determination of caffeic, rosmarinic and lithospermic B acids, that were present in all root extracts. Phenolic acids, flavonoids and iridoids represent the major groups of compounds detected in chemical profiles growing under various conditions roots. The highest number of phytochemicals was determined in roots subjected to coldness. Lithospermic B acid proved to be the most abundant compound in all investigated extracts. Among applied abiotic stress factors it was demonstrated that coldness affected to the most secondary metabolites production. The results of current study suggest that root cultures of R. graeca could serve as a new and abundant source of lithospermic B acid.
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Graikou K, Damianakos H, Ganos C, Sykłowska-Baranek K, Jeziorek M, Pietrosiuk A, Roussakis C, Chinou I. Chemical Profile and Screening of Bioactive Metabolites of Rindera graeca (A. DC.) Bois. & Heldr. (Boraginaceae) In Vitro Cultures. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:834. [PMID: 33919433 PMCID: PMC8143363 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Rindera graeca is a rare endemic plant where in vitro culture has been used in order to investigate bioactive metabolites. Phytochemical study of the in vitro shoots and hairy roots led to the isolation of seven phenolic derivatives and the unusual furano-naphthoquinone rinderol. R. graeca was also analyzed for its pyrrolizidine alkaloids content by LC-MS, and it was found to contain echinatine together with echinatine and rinderine N-oxides. Rinderol, isolated only from in vitro hairy root culture for the first time in the genus, revealed promising bioactivities. It was evaluated in vitro against a panel of microorganisms, showing very strong activity specifically against Gram-positive bacteria (MIC values 0.98 × 10-2-1.18 µg/mL) as well as very interesting antiproliferative effect against the human non-small-cell bronchopulmonary carcinoma cell line NSCLC-N6-L16 and the epidermoid lung cancer cell line A549. These findings were compared with the chemical profile of the plant from nature, while this study is the first to report on the effects of R. graeca extracts obtained from in vitro culture, providing a valuable contribution to the scientific community towards this sustainable method of production of potential bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantia Graikou
- Lab of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (K.G.); (H.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Harilaos Damianakos
- Lab of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (K.G.); (H.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Christos Ganos
- Lab of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (K.G.); (H.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Sykłowska-Baranek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.-B.); (M.J.); (A.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Jeziorek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.-B.); (M.J.); (A.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Pietrosiuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.-B.); (M.J.); (A.P.)
| | - Christos Roussakis
- IICi MED/EA 1155- Dept Cancer du Poumon et Cbles Moleculaires, UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques- 9 rue Bias, CEDEX 1, 44035 Nantes, France;
| | - Ioanna Chinou
- Lab of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (K.G.); (H.D.); (C.G.)
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Varvouni EF, Zengin G, Graikou K, Ganos C, Mroczek T, Chinou I. Phytochemical analysis and biological evaluation of the aerial parts from Symphytum anatolicum Boiss. and Cynoglottis barrelieri (All.) Vural & Kit Tan (Boraginaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2020.104128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ganos C, Aligiannis N, Chinou I, Naziris N, Chountoulesi M, Mroczek T, Graikou K. Rindera graeca (Boraginaceae) Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities. Molecules 2020; 25:E3625. [PMID: 32784926 PMCID: PMC7464154 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rindera graeca is a Greek endemic plant of the Boraginaceae family which has never been studied before. Consequently, this study attempted to phytochemically examine the aerial parts of this species. Nine phenolic secondary metabolites were identified, consisting of seven caffeic acid derivatives and two flavonol glucosides, namely rutin and quercetin-3-rutinoside-7-rhamnoside. These flavonoids, together with rosmarinic acid, were isolated via column chromatography and structurally determined through spectral analysis. Quercetin-3-rutinoside-7-rhamnoside is an unusual triglycoside, which is identified for the first time in Rindera genus and among Boraginaceae plants. This metabolite was further examined with thermal analysis and its 3D structure was simulated, revealing some intriguing information on its interaction with biological membrane models, which might have potential applications in microcirculation-related conditions. R. graeca was also analyzed for its pyrrolizidine alkaloids content, and it was found to contain echinatine together with echinatine N-oxide and rinderine N-oxide. Additionally, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of R. graeca methanol extract were determined, along with free radical inhibition assays. High total phenolic content and almost complete inhibition at experimental doses at the free radical assays indicate a potent antioxidant profile for this plant. Overall, through phytochemical analysis and biological activity assays, insight was gained on an endemic Greek species of the little-studied Rindera genus, while its potential for further applications has been assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Ganos
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Zografou, Athens, Greece; (C.G.); (N.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Nektarios Aligiannis
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Zografou, Athens, Greece; (C.G.); (N.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Ioanna Chinou
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Zografou, Athens, Greece; (C.G.); (N.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Nikolaos Naziris
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Zografou, Athens, Greece; (N.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Chountoulesi
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Zografou, Athens, Greece; (N.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Tomasz Mroczek
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Laboratory Unit, Medical University, ul. Chodźki 19, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Konstantia Graikou
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Zografou, Athens, Greece; (C.G.); (N.A.); (I.C.)
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Duan Y, Liu W, Tian L, Mao Y, Song C. Targeting Tubulin-colchicine Site for Cancer Therapy: Inhibitors, Antibody- Drug Conjugates and Degradation Agents. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1289-1304. [PMID: 31210108 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190618130008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are essential for the mitotic division of cells and have been an attractive target
for antitumour drugs due to the increased incidence of cancer and significant mitosis rate of tumour cells.
In the past few years, tubulin-colchicine binding site, as one of the three binding pockets including taxol-,
vinblastine- and colchicine-binding sites, has been focused on to design tubulin-destabilizing agents including
inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates and degradation agents. The present review is the first to
cover a systemic and recent synopsis of tubulin-colchicine binding site agents. We believe that it would
provide an increase in our understanding of receptor-ligand interaction pattern and consciousness of a
series of challenges about tubulin target druggability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Duan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Liang Tian
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Yanna Mao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Chuanjun Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Design and Antiproliferative Evaluation of Novel Sulfanilamide Derivatives as Potential Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091470. [PMID: 28872607 PMCID: PMC6151726 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of sulfanilamide-1,2,3-triazole hybrids were designed by a molecular hybridization strategy and evaluated for antiproliferative activity against three selected cancer cell lines (MGC-803, MCF-7 and PC-3). The detailed structure-activity relationships for these sulfanilamide-1,2,3-triazole hybrids were investigated. All these sulfanilamide-1,2,3-triazole hybrids exhibited moderate to potent activity against all cell lines. In particular 4-methyl-N-((1-(3-phenoxybenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)benzenesulfonamide (11f) showed the most potent inhibitory effect against PC-3 cells, with an IC50 value of 4.08 μM. Furthermore, the tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity in vitro of compound 11f was 2.41 μM. These sulfanilamide hybrids might serve as bioactive fragments for developing more potent antiproliferative agents.
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Robertson J, Stevens K. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: occurrence, biology, and chemical synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:62-89. [PMID: 27782262 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2013 up to the end of 2015This review covers the isolation and structure of new pyrrolizidines; pyrrolizidine biosynthesis; biological activity, including the occurrence of pyrrolizidines as toxic components or contaminants in foods and beverages; and formal and total syntheses of naturally-occurring pyrrolizidine alkaloids and closely related non-natural analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Kiri Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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Doğru-Koca A, Özcan T, Yıldırımlı Ş. Chemotaxonomic perspectives of the Paracaryum (Cynoglosseae, Boraginaceae) taxa based on fruit fatty acid composition. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 131:100-106. [PMID: 27600716 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Paracaryum is a medium sized genus in Cynoglosseae. This study represents the most comprehensive phytochemical investigation of Paracaryum to date. The fatty acid compositions of the fruits of ten Paracaryum taxa belonging to three different subgenera were investigated for chemotaxonomic allocation using gas chromatography. The fatty acid profiles of seven Paracaryum taxa, five of which are endemic to Turkey, were recorded for the first time. Among the twenty-two analysed fatty acids, oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids were the major fatty acids represented. The oleic acid content ranged from 22.1% in P. hirsutum to 51.7% in P. lithospermifolium subsp. cariense var. erectum; linolenic acid content ranged from 8.6% in P. lithospermifolium subsp. cariense var. erectum to 20.7% in P. erysimifolium; α-linolenic acid content ranged from 7.5% in P. lithospermifolium subsp. cariense var. erectum to 13.5% in P. cristatum subsp. cristatum; gamma linolenic acid content ranged from 2.8% in P. erysimifolium to 6.0% in P. hirsutum. Additional fatty acids also displayed varying levels in different species; palmitic acid content accounted for 17.7% in P. erysimifolium, erucic acid content was 8.73% in P. strictum, eicosenoic acid content was 6.0% in P. cristatum subsp. cristatum, eicosadienoic acid content was 4.4% in P. hirsutum, and stearic acid content was 4.3% in P. erysimifolium. The classification of the tribe Cynoglosseae remains controversial despite the many intensive morphological and phylogenetic investigations that have been carried out. Our fatty acid data from Paracaryum were analysed together with previously recorded fatty acid data from Cynoglosseae s.l. taxa to examine the chemotaxonomic contribution to the classification among taxa in Cynoglosseae by multivariate methods, including the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and principal component analysis. An assessment of these chemometrics data supported the chemotaxonomic position of the genus Paracaryum in the tribe Cynoglosseae. While the principal component graphic did not depict clear separation of the three subgenera of Paracaryum, the principal component analysis revealed the chemotaxonomic significance of palmitic, linoleic, capric, and oleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Doğru-Koca
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Tamer Özcan
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Şinasi Yıldırımlı
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Mandić BM, Vlajić MD, Trifunović SS, Simić MR, Vujisić LV, VuČković IM, Novaković MM, Nikolić-Mandić SD, Tešević VV, Vajs VV, Milosavljević SM. Optimisation of isolation procedure for pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Rindera umbellata Bunge. Nat Prod Res 2014; 29:887-90. [PMID: 25528897 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.991929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Procedure for isolation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) from Rindera umbellata Bunge plant species was optimised. Different extraction media (methanol, ethanol and sulphuric acid), concentration and volume of sulphuric acid, pH of PA solution for alkaline extraction, extraction time and techniques (maceration, ultrasonic and overhead rotary mixer assisted extraction) were investigated. The yields of six PAs (7-angeloyl heliotridane, 7-angeloyl heliotridine, lindelofine, 7-angeloyl rinderine, punctanecine and heliosupine) were monitored by GC-MS/FID. The best results for the isolation all of six PAs were obtained when the extraction was performed with 1 M sulphuric acid (30 mL per 1.00 g of dried sample) by overhead rotary mixer during three days. Optimal pH value for alkaline extraction of PAs with CH₂Cl₂ was 9, and the extraction should be performed with four portions of 30 mL of CH₂Cl₂. This procedure could be also useful for a plant sample preparation for GC and LC analyses of PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris M Mandić
- a Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade , Studentski Trg 16, Belgrade 11158 , Serbia
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Diversity of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in the Boraginaceae Structures, Distribution, and Biological Properties. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/d6020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Among the diversity of secondary metabolites which are produced by plants as means of defence against herbivores and microbes, pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are common in Boraginaceae, Asteraceae and some other plant families. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are infamous as toxic compounds which can alkylate DNA und thus cause mutations and even cancer in herbivores and humans. Almost all genera of the family Boraginaceae synthesize and store this type of alkaloids. This review reports the available information on the present status (literature up to early 2014) of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the Boraginaceae and summarizes the topics structure, distribution, chemistry, chemotaxonomic significance, and biological properties.
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