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Majhi B, Bora A, Palit S, Dev S, Majumdar P, Dutta S. Metal-free internal nucleophile-triggered domino route for synthesis of fused quinoxaline [1,4]-diazepine hybrids and the evaluation of their DNA binding properties. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107694. [PMID: 39151388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
An unprecedented metal-free synthesis of fused quinoxaline 1,5-disubstituted-[1,4]-diazepine hybrids have been reported under mild conditions through a domino intermolecular SNAr followed by an internal nucleophile-triggered intramolecular SNAr pathway. Our strategy offers the flexibility for the introduction of a broad variety of functionalities at the N-1 position of fused diazepine moiety by using suitable diamine tails to design structurally diverse scaffolds. The DNA binding properties of representative quinoxaline diazepine hybrids were studied using UV-vis absorbance and EtBr displacement assay and were found to be governed by the functionalities at the N-1 position. Interestingly, compound 11f containing the N-1 benzyl substitution demonstrated significant DNA binding (KBH ∼ 2.15 ± 0.25 × 104 M-1 and Ksv ∼ 12.6 ± 1.41 × 103 M-1) accompanied by a bathochromic shift (Δλ ∼ 5 nm). In silico studies indicated possible binding of diazepine hybrid 11f at the GC-rich major groove in the ct-DNA hexamer duplex and showed comparable binding energies to that of ethidium bromide. The antiproliferative activity of compounds was observed in the given order in different cell lines: (HeLa > HT29 > SKOV 3 > HCT116 > HEK293). Lead compound 11f demonstrated maximum cytotoxicity (IC50 value of 13.30 μM) in HeLa cell lines and also caused early apoptosis-mediated cell death in cancer cell lines. We envision that our work will offer newer methodologies for the construction of fused quinoxaline 1,5-disubstituted-[1,4]-diazepine class of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhim Majhi
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Achyut Bora
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhadeep Palit
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Samrat Dev
- Mrinalini Dutta Mahavidyapith, Vidyapith Rd, Pratiraksha Nagar, Kolkata 700051, India
| | - Papiya Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Sister Nivedita University, DG 1/2, Newtown, Kolkata 700156, India
| | - Sanjay Dutta
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Malki Y, Maillard LT, Masurier N. 1,3‐Diazepine Derivatives: Strategies for Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Malki
- IBMM Université de Montpellier CNRS ENSCM Montpellier France
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Malki Y, Martinez J, Masurier N. 1,3-Diazepine: A privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2247-2315. [PMID: 33645848 DOI: 10.1002/med.21795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Privileged structures have been widely used as effective templates for drug discovery. While benzo-1,4-diazepine constitutes the first historical example of such a structure, the 1,3 analogue is just as rich in terms of applications in medicinal chemistry. The 1,3-diazepine moiety is present in numerous biological active compounds including natural products, and is used to design compounds displaying a large range of biological activities. It is present in the clinically used anticancer compound pentostatin, in several recent FDA approved β-lactamase inhibitors (e.g., avibactam) and also in coformycin, a natural product known as a ring-expanded purine analogue displaying antiviral and anticancer activities. Several other 1,3-diazepine containing compounds have entered into clinical trials. This heterocyclic structure has been and is still widely used in medicinal chemistry to design enzyme inhibitors, GPCR ligands, and so forth. This review endeavours to highlight the main use of the 1,3-diazepine scaffold and its derivatives, and their applications in medicinal chemistry, drug design, and therapy. We will focus more particularly on the development of enzyme inhibitors incorporating this scaffold, with a strong emphasis on the molecular interactions involved in the inhibition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Malki
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Masurier
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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Wang Y, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Carbodiimide-based synthesis of N-heterocycles: moving from two classical reactive sites to chemical bond breaking/forming reaction. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5810-5849. [PMID: 32658233 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00478e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Carbodiimides are a unique class of heterocumulene compounds that display distinctive chemical properties. The rich chemistry of carbodiimides has drawn increasing attention from chemists in recent years and has made them exceedingly useful compounds in modern organic chemistry, especially in the synthesis of N-heterocycles. This review has outlined the extensive application of carbodiimides in the synthesis of N-heterocycles from the 1980s to today. A wide range of reactions for the synthesis of various types of N-heterocyclic systems (three-, four-, five-, six-, seven-, larger-membered and fused heterocycles) have been developed on the basis of carbodiimides and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China. and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (QNLM), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Bardovskyi R, Grytsai O, Ronco C, Benhida R. Synthesis and characterization of new heterocycles related to aryl[e][1,3]diazepinediones. rearrangement to 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01229g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Divergence-oriented synthesis of new heterocycles relevant for medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleksandr Grytsai
- Université Côte d’Azur
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR7272
- Nice
- France
| | - Cyril Ronco
- Université Côte d’Azur
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR7272
- Nice
- France
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Université Côte d’Azur
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR7272
- Nice
- France
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Montanaro S, Wright IA, Batsanov AS, Bryce MR. Synthesis of Tetracyclic 2,3-Dihydro-1,3-diazepines from a Dinitrodibenzothiophene Derivative. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12320-12326. [PMID: 30247912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Triply fused 1,3-diazepine derivatives have been obtained by acidic reduction of rotationally locked and sterically hindered nitro groups in the presence of an aldehyde or ketone. The nitro groups are sited on adjacent rings of a dicyanodibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide, which also displays fully reversible two-electron-accepting behavior. The synthesis, crystallographically determined molecular structures, and aspects of the electronic properties of these new molecules are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Montanaro
- Department of Chemistry , Durham University , Durham , DH1 3LE , United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry , Loughborough University , Loughborough , LE11 3TU , United Kingdom
| | - Iain A Wright
- Department of Chemistry , Loughborough University , Loughborough , LE11 3TU , United Kingdom
| | - Andrei S Batsanov
- Department of Chemistry , Durham University , Durham , DH1 3LE , United Kingdom
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry , Durham University , Durham , DH1 3LE , United Kingdom
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Çapan İ, Servi S. Synthesis of novel aza-heterocyclic derivatives from diester and diacid chlorides having the dibenzobarrelene skeleton. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1437449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- İrfan Çapan
- Department of Polymer Technology, Technical Sciences Vocational College, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Servi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
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Novel family of fused tricyclic [1,4]diazepines: Design, synthesis, crystal structures and molecular docking studies. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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