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Cho AYH, Chung H, Romero-Parra J, Kumar P, Allarà M, Ligresti A, Gallardo-Garrido C, Pessoa-Mahana H, Faúndez M, Pessoa-Mahana CD. Motifs in Natural Products as Useful Scaffolds to Obtain Novel Benzo[ d]imidazole-Based Cannabinoid Type 2 (CB2) Receptor Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10918. [PMID: 37446093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) constitutes a broad-spectrum modulator of homeostasis in mammals, providing therapeutic opportunities for several pathologies. Its two main receptors, cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) receptors, mediate anti-inflammatory responses; however, their differing patterns of expression make the development of CB2-selective ligands therapeutically more attractive. The benzo[d]imidazole ring is considered to be a privileged scaffold in drug discovery and has demonstrated its versatility in the development of molecules with varied pharmacologic properties. On the other hand, the main psychoactive component of Cannabis sativa, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can be structurally described as an aliphatic terpenoid motif fused to an aromatic polyphenolic (resorcinol) structure. Inspired by the structure of this phytocannabinoid, we combined different natural product motifs with a benzo[d]imidazole scaffold to obtain a new library of compounds targeting the CB2 receptor. Here, we synthesized 26 new compounds, out of which 15 presented CB2 binding and 3 showed potent agonist activity. SAR analysis indicated that the presence of bulky aliphatic or aromatic natural product motifs at position 2 of the benzo[d]imidazoles ring linked by an electronegative atom is essential for receptor recognition, while substituents with moderate bulkiness at position 1 of the heterocyclic core also participate in receptor recognition. Compounds 5, 6, and 16 were further characterized through in vitro cAMP functional assay, showing potent EC50 values between 20 and 3 nM, and compound 6 presented a significant difference between the EC50 of pharmacologic activity (3.36 nM) and IC50 of toxicity (30-38 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Analia Young Hwa Cho
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Hery Chung
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Javier Romero-Parra
- Organic Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 1007, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Poulami Kumar
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Marco Allarà
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Alessia Ligresti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Carlos Gallardo-Garrido
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Hernán Pessoa-Mahana
- Organic Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 1007, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Mario Faúndez
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Carlos David Pessoa-Mahana
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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2
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Slavov S, Beger RD. Identification of structural factors that affect binding to cannabinoid receptor type 1. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Modemann DJ, Maharadhika A, Yamoune S, Kreyenschmidt AK, Maaß F, Kremers S, Breunig C, Sahlmann CO, Bucerius JA, Stalke D, Wiltfang J, Bouter Y, Müller CE, Bouter C, Meller B. Development of high-affinity fluorinated ligands for cannabinoid subtype 2 receptor, and in vitro evaluation of a radioactive tracer for imaging. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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4
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Lorca M, Valdes Y, Chung H, Romero-Parra J, Pessoa-Mahana CD, Mella J. Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (3D-QSAR) on a Series of Piperazine-Carboxamides Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) Inhibitors as a Useful Tool for the Design of New Cannabinoid Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102510. [PMID: 31117309 PMCID: PMC6566251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) is one of the main enzymes responsible for endocannabinoid metabolism. Inhibition of FAAH increases endogenous levels of fatty acid ethanolamides such as anandamide (AEA) and thus consitutes an indirect strategy that can be used to modulate endocannabinoid tone. In the present work, we present a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships/comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (3D-QSAR/CoMSIA) study on a series of 90 reported irreversible inhibitors of FAAH sharing a piperazine-carboxamide scaffold. The model obtained was extensively validated (q2 = 0.734; r2 = 0.966; r2m = 0.723). Finally, based on the information derived from the contour maps we designed a series of 10 new compounds with high predicted FAAH inhibition (predicted pIC50 of the best-proposed compounds = 12.196; 12.416).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Lorca
- Escuela de Quimica y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar 2531015, Chile.
| | - Yudisladys Valdes
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Hery Chung
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Javier Romero-Parra
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avenida Angamos 0610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile.
| | - C David Pessoa-Mahana
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Jaime Mella
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
- Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena (CIFAR), Universidad de Valparaíso, Santa Marta 183, Valparaíso 2360134, Chile.
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Cha HJ, Song YJ, Lee DE, Kim YH, Shin J, Jang CG, Suh SK, Kim SJ, Yun J. Receptor Binding Affinities of Synthetic Cannabinoids Determined by Non-Isotopic Receptor Binding Assay. Toxicol Res 2019; 35:37-44. [PMID: 30766656 PMCID: PMC6354946 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2019.35.1.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A major predictor of the efficacy of natural or synthetic cannabinoids is their binding affinity to the cannabinoid type I receptor (CB1) in the central nervous system, as the main psychological effects of cannabinoids are achieved via binding to this receptor. Conventionally, receptor binding assays have been performed using isotopes, which are inconvenient owing to the effects of radioactivity. In the present study, the binding affinities of five cannabinoids for purified CB1 were measured using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique as a putative non-isotopic receptor binding assay. Results were compared with those of a radio-isotope-labeled receptor binding assay. The representative natural cannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and four synthetic cannabinoids, JWH-015, JWH-210, RCS-4, and JWH-250, were assessed using both the SPR biosensor assay and the conventional isotopic receptor binding assay. The binding affinities of the test substances to CB1 were determined to be (from highest to lowest) 9.52 × 10-13 M (JWH-210), 6.54 × 10-12 M (JWH-250), 1.56 × 10-11 M (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol), 2.75 × 10-11 M (RCS-4), and 6.80 ×10-11 M (JWH-015) using the non-isotopic method. Using the conventional isotopic receptor binding assay, the same order of affinities was observed. In conclusion, our results support the use of kinetic analysis via SPR in place of the isotopic receptor binding assay. To replace the receptor binding affinity assay with SPR techniques in routine assays, further studies for method validation will be needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Cha
- Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungju,
Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Song
- Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungju,
Korea
| | - Da Eun Lee
- Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungju,
Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungju,
Korea
| | - Jisoon Shin
- Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungju,
Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon,
Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Suh
- Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungju,
Korea
| | - Sung Jin Kim
- Cosmetics Policy Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungju,
Korea
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- Neuroimmunology Lab, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan,
Korea
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Zhang G, Ren Y. Molecular Modeling and Design Studies of Purine Derivatives as Novel CDK2 Inhibitors. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112924. [PMID: 30423939 PMCID: PMC6278423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is a potential target for treating cancer. Purine heterocycles have attracted particular attention as the scaffolds for the development of CDK2 inhibitors. To explore the interaction mechanism and the structure–activity relationship (SAR) and to design novel candidate compounds as potential CDK2 inhibitors, a systematic molecular modeling study was conducted on 35 purine derivatives as CDK2 inhibitors by combining three-dimensional quantitative SAR (3D-QSAR), virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The predictive CoMFA model (q2 = 0.743, rpred2 = 0.991), the CoMSIA model (q2 = 0.808, rpred2 = 0.990), and the Topomer CoMFA model (q2 = 0.779, rpred2 = 0.962) were obtained. Contour maps revealed that the electrostatic, hydrophobic, hydrogen bond donor and steric fields played key roles in the QSAR models. Thirty-one novel candidate compounds with suitable predicted activity (predicted pIC50 > 8) were designed by using the results of virtual screening. Molecular docking indicated that residues Asp86, Glu81, Leu83, Lys89, Lys33, and Gln131 formed hydrogen bonds with the ligand, which affected activity of the ligand. Based on the QSAR model prediction and molecular docking, two candidate compounds, I13 and I60 (predicted pIC50 > 8, docking score > 10), with the most potential research value were further screened out. MD simulations of the corresponding complexes of these two candidate compounds further verified their stability. This study provided valuable information for the development of new potential CDK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaomin Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Yujie Ren
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
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7
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Floresta G, Apirakkan O, Rescifina A, Abbate V. Discovery of High-Affinity Cannabinoid Receptors Ligands through a 3D-QSAR Ushered by Scaffold-Hopping Analysis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092183. [PMID: 30200181 PMCID: PMC6225167 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Two 3D quantitative structure–activity relationships (3D-QSAR) models for predicting Cannabinoid receptor 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2) ligands have been produced by way of creating a practical tool for the drug-design and optimization of CB1 and CB2 ligands. A set of 312 molecules have been used to build the model for the CB1 receptor, and a set of 187 molecules for the CB2 receptor. All of the molecules were recovered from the literature among those possessing measured Ki values, and Forge was used as software. The present model shows high and robust predictive potential, confirmed by the quality of the statistical analysis, and an adequate descriptive capability. A visual understanding of the hydrophobic, electrostatic, and shaping features highlighting the principal interactions for the CB1 and CB2 ligands was achieved with the construction of 3D maps. The predictive capabilities of the model were then used for a scaffold-hopping study of two selected compounds, with the generation of a library of new compounds with high affinity for the two receptors. Herein, we report two new 3D-QSAR models that comprehend a large number of chemically different CB1 and CB2 ligands and well account for the individual ligand affinities. These features will facilitate the recognition of new potent and selective molecules for CB1 and CB2 receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists/chemistry
- Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists/metabolism
- Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists/chemistry
- Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists/metabolism
- Drug Design
- Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
- Ligands
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Conformation
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation
- Molecular Structure
- Protein Binding
- Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/chemistry
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/chemistry
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Receptors, Cannabinoid/chemistry
- Receptors, Cannabinoid/metabolism
- Software
- Static Electricity
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Floresta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy.
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Orapan Apirakkan
- King's Forensics, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Abbate
- King's Forensics, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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8
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2D-QSAR and 3D-QSAR/CoMSIA Studies on a Series of (R)-2-((2-(1H-Indol-2-yl)ethyl)amino)-1-Phenylethan-1-ol with Human β₃-Adrenergic Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030404. [PMID: 28273884 PMCID: PMC6155312 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The β₃ adrenergic receptor is raising as an important drug target for the treatment of pathologies such as diabetes, obesity, depression, and cardiac diseases among others. Several attempts to obtain selective and high affinity ligands have been made. Currently, Mirabegron is the only available drug on the market that targets this receptor approved for the treatment of overactive bladder. However, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) in USA and the MHRA (Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency) in UK have made reports of potentially life-threatening side effects associated with the administration of Mirabegron, casting doubts on the continuity of this compound. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to gather information for the rational design and synthesis of new β₃ adrenergic ligands. Herein, we present the first combined 2D-QSAR (two-dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship) and 3D-QSAR/CoMSIA (three-dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship/Comparative Molecular Similarity Index Analysis) study on a series of potent β₃ adrenergic agonists of indole-alkylamine structure. We found a series of changes that can be made in the steric, hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor, lipophilicity and molar refractivity properties of the compounds to generate new promising molecules. Finally, based on our analysis, a summary and a regiospecific description of the requirements for improving β₃ adrenergic activity is given.
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9
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Guariento S, Franchini S, Tonelli M, Fossa P, Sorbi C, Cichero E, Brasili L. Exhaustive CoMFA and CoMSIA analyses around different chemical entities: a ligand-based study exploring the affinity and selectivity profiles of 5-HT 1A ligands. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:214-230. [PMID: 28114832 PMCID: PMC6009877 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1247057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT1A) receptors represent an attractive target in drug discovery. In particular, 5-HT1A agonists and partial agonists are deeply investigated for their potential role in the treatment of anxiety, depression, ischaemic brain disorder and more recently, of pain. On the other hand, 5-HT1A antagonists have been revealed promising compounds in cognition disorders and, lately, in cancer. Thus, the discovery of 5HT1A ligands is nowadays an appealing research activity in medicinal chemistry. In this work, Comparative Molecular Fields Analysis (CoMFA) and Comparative Molecular Similarity Index Analysis (CoMSIA) were applied on an in-house library of 5-HT1A ligands bearing different chemical scaffolds in order to elucidate their affinity and selectivity for the target. Following this procedure, a number of structural modifications have been drawn for the development of much more effective 5-HT1AR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Guariento
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Silvia Franchini
- b Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Michele Tonelli
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Paola Fossa
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Claudia Sorbi
- b Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Elena Cichero
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Livio Brasili
- b Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
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Romero-Parra J, Chung H, Tapia RA, Faúndez M, Morales-Verdejo C, Lorca M, Lagos CF, Di Marzo V, David Pessoa-Mahana C, Mella J. Combined CoMFA and CoMSIA 3D-QSAR study of benzimidazole and benzothiophene derivatives with selective affinity for the CB2 cannabinoid receptor. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 101:1-10. [PMID: 28137469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The preceding years have brought an exponential increase in our understanding of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), including the knowledge of CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids, and the enzymes that synthesize and degrade endocannabinoids. Among these ECS components CB2 receptors have been the subject of considerable attention, primarily due to their promising therapeutic potential to treat numerous pathologies while avoiding the adverse psychotropic effects that can accompany CB1 receptor-based therapies. Recently, our research group has reported a new series of non-cytotoxic benzo[d]imidazoles and benzo[b]thiophenes displaying high CB2/CB1 selectivity index. In order to investigate the structural requirements for CB2 ligands and to derive a predictive model that can be used for the design of novel selective CB2 ligands, a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study was performed on the above mentioned chemical series employing comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA) techniques. The CoMFA and CoMSIA models displayed high external predictability (rpred2 0.919 and 0.908) and good statistical robustness. Valuable information regarding the steric, electrostatic and hydrophobic properties of the molecules was obtained, and several modifications around both heterocycles were evaluated with the aim to generate new promising series of benzo[d]imidazoles and benzo[b]thiophenes derivatives displaying high CB2 selectivity and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Romero-Parra
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hery Chung
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo A Tapia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 702843, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Faúndez
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cesar Morales-Verdejo
- Universidad Bernardo OHiggins, Laboratorio de Bionanotecnología, General Gana 1702, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcos Lorca
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Casilla 5030, Chile
| | - Carlos F Lagos
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Lira 85, 5th Floor, Santiago Centro 8330074, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Campus Los Leones, Lota 2465, Providencia 7510157, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Napoli, Italy
| | - C David Pessoa-Mahana
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Mella
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Casilla 5030, Chile.
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11
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Le Boisselier R, Alexandre J, Lelong-Boulouard V, Debruyne D. Focus on cannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 101:220-229. [PMID: 27861784 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of a multitude of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) has generated a wealth of new information, suggesting the usefulness of state-of-the-art on lato sensu cannabinoids. By modulating a plurality of neurotransmission pathways, the endocannabinoid system is involved in many physiological processes that are increasingly explored. SCs desired and adverse effects are considered to be more intense than those observed with cannabis smoking, which is partly explained by the full agonist activity and higher affinity for cannabinoid receptors. Neurological and cardiovascular side effects observed after cannabinoid poisoning generally respond to conventional supportive care, but severe outcomes may occur in a minority of cases, mainly observed with SCs. The likelihood of severe abuse and addiction produced by SCs are of concern for the scientific community also interested in the potential therapeutic value of cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Le Boisselier
- University Hospital Centre Côte de Nacre, Centre for Evaluation and Information on Pharmacodependance - Addictovigilance (CEIP-A), F-14033, Caen, France.,University Hospital Centre Côte de Nacre, Department of Pharmacology, Caen, France
| | - J Alexandre
- University Hospital Centre Côte de Nacre, Department of Pharmacology, Caen, France.,Normandy University, UNICAEN, University Hospital Centre Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - V Lelong-Boulouard
- University Hospital Centre Côte de Nacre, Department of Pharmacology, Caen, France.,Normandy University, UNICAEN, University Hospital Centre Côte de Nacre, Inserm U 1075 COMETE Caen, France
| | - D Debruyne
- University Hospital Centre Côte de Nacre, Centre for Evaluation and Information on Pharmacodependance - Addictovigilance (CEIP-A), F-14033, Caen, France.,University Hospital Centre Côte de Nacre, Department of Pharmacology, Caen, France.,Medical School, Normandy University, Caen, France
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12
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Romero-Parra J, Mella-Raipán J, Palmieri V, Allarà M, Torres MJ, Pessoa-Mahana H, Iturriaga-Vásquez P, Escobar R, Faúndez M, Di Marzo V, Pessoa-Mahana CD. Synthesis, binding assays, cytotoxic activity and docking studies of benzimidazole and benzothiophene derivatives with selective affinity for the CB2 cannabinoid receptor. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:17-35. [PMID: 27560280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the design, synthesis, bioinformatic and biological studies of benzimidazole and benzothiophene derivatives as new cannabinoid receptor ligands. To test the hypothesis that the lack of a hydrogen bond interaction between benzimidazole and benzothiophene derivatives with Lys192 reduces their affinity for CB1 receptors (as we previously reported) and leads to CB2 selectivity, most of the tested compounds do not exhibit hydrogen bond acceptors. All compounds displayed mostly CB2 selectivity, although this was more pronounced in the benzimidazoles derivatives. Furthermore, docking assays revealed a ∏-cation interaction with Lys109 which could play a key role for the CB2 selectivity index. The series displayed low toxicity on five different cell lines. Derivative 8f presented the best binding profile (Ki = 0.08 μM), high selectivity index (KiCB1/KiCB2) and a low citoxicity. Interestingly, in cell viability experiments, using HL-60 cells (expressing exclusively CB2 receptors), all synthesised compounds were shown to be cytotoxic, suggesting that a CB2 agonist response may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Romero-Parra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Mella-Raipán
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretaña, 1111, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Vittoria Palmieri
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 034, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Allarà
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 034, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Jose Torres
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hernán Pessoa-Mahana
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone, 1007, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Rossy Escobar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Faúndez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 034, Napoli, Italy
| | - C David Pessoa-Mahana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Santiago, Chile.
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Paulke A, Proschak E, Sommer K, Achenbach J, Wunder C, Toennes SW. Synthetic cannabinoids: In silico prediction of the cannabinoid receptor 1 affinity by a quantitative structure-activity relationship model. Toxicol Lett 2016; 245:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Guariento S, Bruno O, Fossa P, Cichero E. New insights into PDE4B inhibitor selectivity: CoMFA analyses and molecular docking studies. Mol Divers 2015; 20:77-92. [PMID: 26290462 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PDE4 inhibitors have been largely studied because of their promising therapeutic effects concerning inflammation and neurodegenerative dysfunctions, such as depression, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's diseases. In this context, the PDE4B isoform proved to be particularly involved in the activation of inflammatory responses, while the PDE4D subfamily is more associated with neuropathologies. The clinical use of PDE4 inhibitors was restricted by the presence of prominent side effects probably due to their non-specific action across the different isoforms. Therefore, this work deals with the development of 3D-QSAR models, supported by molecular docking studies, to identify the key requirements underlying selective PDE4B or PDE4D inhibition. The results highlighted the ligand-based approach as a promising tool to guide the rational design of novel PDE4 inhibitors endowed with high affinity and selectivity profiles. The alignment of compound 1-85 and the model A statistical results are depicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Guariento
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Olga Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Fossa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Cichero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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Picone RP, Kendall DA. Minireview: From the bench, toward the clinic: therapeutic opportunities for cannabinoid receptor modulation. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:801-13. [PMID: 25866875 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of cannabinoids have been known for centuries and over the past several decades two G protein-coupled receptors, CB1 and CB2, that are responsible for their activity have been identified. Endogenous lipid-derived cannabinergic agents have been found, biosynthetic and catabolic machinery has been characterized, and synthetic agents have been designed to modulate these receptors. Selective agents including agonists, antagonists, inverse agonists, and novel allosteric modulators targeting either CB1 or CB2 have been developed to inhibit or augment their basal tone. As a result, the role these receptors play in human physiology and their potential therapeutic applications in disease states are being elucidated. The CB1 receptor, although ubiquitous, is densely expressed in the brain, and CB2 is largely found on cells of immune origin. This minireview highlights the role of CB1 in excitotoxic assaults in the brain and its potential to limit addiction liability. In addition, it will examine the relationship between receptor activity and stimulation of insulin release from pancreatic β-cells, insulin resistance, and feeding behavior leading toward obesity. The roles of CB2 in the neuropathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in the central manifestations of chronic HIV infection potentially converge at inflammatory cell activation, thereby providing an opportunity for intervention. Last, CB2 modulation is discussed in the context of an experimental model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Achieving exquisite receptor selectivity and elucidating the mechanisms underlying receptor inhibition and activation will be essential for the development of the next generation of cannabinergic-based therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Picone
- Clinical Development (R.P.P.), Medical and Regulatory Affairs, Novo Nordisk Inc, Plainsboro, New Jersey 08536; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (D.A.K.), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092
| | - Debra A Kendall
- Clinical Development (R.P.P.), Medical and Regulatory Affairs, Novo Nordisk Inc, Plainsboro, New Jersey 08536; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (D.A.K.), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092
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