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Yaginuma H, Ohtake K, Akamatsu T, Noji H, Tabata KV. A microreactor sealing method using adhesive tape for digital bioassays. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2001-2010. [PMID: 35481587 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00065b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Digital assays using microreactors fabricated on solid substrates are useful for carrying out sensitive assays of infectious diseases and other biological tests. However, sealing of the microchambers using fluid oil is difficult for non-experts, and thus hinders the widespread use of digital microreactor assays. Here, we propose the physical isolation of tiny reactors with adhesive tape (PITAT) using simple, commercially available pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) tape as a separator of the microreactors. We confirmed that PSA tape can effectively seal the microreactors and prevent molecules from diffusing out. By testing several types of adhesive tape, we found that rubber-based adhesives are the most suitable for this purpose. In addition, we demonstrated that single-molecule enzyme assays can be successfully performed inside microreactors sealed with PSA tape. The results obtained using PITAT are quantitatively comparable to conventional oil sealing, although it is quick and cost-effective. Finally, we demonstrated that single-particle virus counting of the influenza virus can be achieved using PITAT. Collectively, our results suggest that PITAT may be suitable for use in the design of sensitive tests for infectious diseases at the point of care, where no sophisticated equipment or machines are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Yaginuma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kuniko Ohtake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takako Akamatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Noji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazuhito V Tabata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Sothis Technologies, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Menges JA, Grandjean A, Clasen A, Jung G. Kinetics of Palladium(0)‐Allyl Interactions in the Tsuji‐Trost Reaction, derived from Single‐Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A. Menges
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Saarland University Building B2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Alexander Grandjean
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Saarland University Building B2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Anne Clasen
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Saarland University Building B2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Gregor Jung
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Saarland University Building B2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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3
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Lefrançois P, Goudeau B, Arbault S. Dynamic monitoring of a bi-enzymatic reaction at a single biomimetic giant vesicle. Analyst 2020; 145:7922-7931. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01273d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Giant unilamellar vesicles were used as individual biomimetic micro-reactors wherein a model bi-enzymatic reaction involving a glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was monitored by confocal microscopy.
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4
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Mickert MJ, Farka Z, Kostiv U, Hlaváček A, Horák D, Skládal P, Gorris HH. Measurement of Sub-femtomolar Concentrations of Prostate-Specific Antigen through Single-Molecule Counting with an Upconversion-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9435-9441. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias J. Mickert
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Zdeněk Farka
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Uliana Kostiv
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Hlaváček
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skládal
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hans H. Gorris
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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5
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Aigner T, Scheibel T. Self-Rolling Refillable Tubular Enzyme Containers Made of Recombinant Spider Silk and Chitosan. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:15290-15297. [PMID: 30924630 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation of enzymes is often necessary to stabilize them against environmental conditions or to protect them from other harmful enzymes such as proteases. Here, a refillable spatial confinement system was produced using a fully degradable self-rolling biopolymer bilayer. The enzyme containers comprise spider silk and chitosan and enable one-pot reactions in the micro- to milliliter regime by trapping the enzyme inside the semipermeable tube and allow the substrate and/or product either to diffuse freely or to be entrapped. The tubes are stable toward several organic and aqueous solvents. A one-tube system with esterase-2 was used to establish the system. Further, a two-tube system was applied to mimic enzymatic cascades, where the enzymes have to be separated, because they, for example, inhibit each other. The entrapment mode was also tested in the two-tube system, which is beneficial for toxic products or for obtaining high concentrations of the desired product.
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Mickert MJ, Gorris HH. Transition-State Ensembles Navigate the Pathways of Enzyme Catalysis. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:5809-5819. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias J. Mickert
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans H. Gorris
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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7
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Duan BK, Cavanagh PE, Li X, Walt DR. Ultrasensitive Single-Molecule Enzyme Detection and Analysis Using a Polymer Microarray. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3091-3098. [PMID: 29425025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This report describes a novel method for isolating and detecting individual enzyme molecules using polymer arrays of picoliter microwells. A fluidic flow-cell device containing an array of microwells is fabricated in cyclic olefin polymer (COP). The use of COP microwell arrays simplifies experiments by eliminating extensive device preparation and surface functionalization that are common in other microwell array formats. Using a simple and robust loading method to introduce the reaction solution, individual enzyme molecules are trapped in picoliter microwells and subsequently isolated and sealed by fluorinated oil. The sealing is stable for hours in the COP device. The picoliter microwell device can measure enzyme concentrations in the low-femtomolar range by counting the number of active wells using a digital read-out. These picoliter microwell arrays can also easily be regenerated and reused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrett K Duan
- Department of Pathology , Harvard Medical School , Brigham and Women's Hospital, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Peter E Cavanagh
- Department of Pathology , Harvard Medical School , Brigham and Women's Hospital, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pathology , Harvard Medical School , Brigham and Women's Hospital, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - David R Walt
- Department of Pathology , Harvard Medical School , Brigham and Women's Hospital, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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8
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Monitoring the Activity of Immobilized Lipase with Quinizarin Diester Fluoro-Chromogenic Probe. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122136. [PMID: 29207517 PMCID: PMC6149872 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinizarin diester is used as a fluoro-chromogenic substrate of the activity of lipase supported in poly(methylmetacrylate) beads (CALB, Novozym® 435) dispersed in organic solvents. The monoester and diester of quinizarin are both non-fluorescent species contrasting with the enzymatic product quinizarin that shows optical absorption in the visible region and strong fluorescence signal. The enzymatic conversion is accomplished by spectroscopic measurements and it follows a sigmoid curve from which the mean reaction time of the enzymatic process can be determined. This parameter indicates the enzyme activity of the immobilized lipase. Its dependency with the amount of lipase allowed the determination of the ratio of the catalytic rate and the Michaelis constant (kc/Km) and the experimental value found was (1.0 ± 0.1) × 10−2 mg−1/min in the case of quinizarin diacetate.
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Nishioka GM, Geczy R, Huggler KS, Dao TN, Sokolik CW. Exploiting Femtoliter Microwells for the Sensitive Measurement of Protein Adsorption. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:6985-6990. [PMID: 28666390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A method is described for the sensitive measurement of adsorbed proteins using femtoliter microwells. Quantitative measurement of adsorbed protein is demonstrated at surface densities from 10 fg/cm2 to 3 pg/cm2. Determination of the efficacy of barrier coatings is also demonstrated using femtoliter microwells. Adsorption at low surface densities is measured, indicating the highest affinity sites on the surface and therefore the initial stages of adsorption. The femtoliter microwell method is shown to be useful in detecting differences between effective protective coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M Nishioka
- H & N Instruments, Inc., PO Box 4338, Newark, Ohio 43058-4338, United States
| | - Reka Geczy
- H & N Instruments, Inc., PO Box 4338, Newark, Ohio 43058-4338, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Denison University , Granville, Ohio 43023, United States
| | - Kimberly S Huggler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Denison University , Granville, Ohio 43023, United States
| | - Tram N Dao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Denison University , Granville, Ohio 43023, United States
| | - Charles W Sokolik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Denison University , Granville, Ohio 43023, United States
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Abstract
Over the last decade, femtoliter arrays have been used as a simple and robust way to encapsulate and monitor the kinetics of single enzyme molecules. Encapsulating individual enzyme molecules within a femtoliter-sized reaction chamber does not require immobilization of the enzyme molecules or fluorescent tagging of the enzyme molecules, which offers the unique advantage of observing unmodified single enzyme molecules free in solution. Several fascinating details about enzyme kinetics have been revealed using these femtoliter arrays, which were unattainable from traditional ensemble experiments. Here, we discuss various considerations to take into account when developing single-molecule enzyme assays in femtoliter arrays and the advantages and disadvantages of various protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D R Walt
- Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States.
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11
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Single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy for quantitative biological applications. QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40484-016-0083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Gooding JJ, Gaus K. Single‐Molecule Sensors: Challenges and Opportunities for Quantitative Analysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11354-66. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Justin Gooding
- The University of New South Wales School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- The University of New South Wales EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging Sydney 2052 Australia
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13
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Gooding JJ, Gaus K. Einzelmolekül‐Sensoren: Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten für die quantitative Analyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Justin Gooding
- The University of New South Wales School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, UNSW Sydney 2052 Australien
| | - Katharina Gaus
- The University of New South Wales EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging,UNSW Sydney 2052 Australien
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14
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Küchler A, Yoshimoto M, Luginbühl S, Mavelli F, Walde P. Enzymatic reactions in confined environments. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 11:409-20. [PMID: 27146955 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Within each biological cell, surface- and volume-confined enzymes control a highly complex network of chemical reactions. These reactions are efficient, timely, and spatially defined. Efforts to transfer such appealing features to in vitro systems have led to several successful examples of chemical reactions catalysed by isolated and immobilized enzymes. In most cases, these enzymes are either bound or adsorbed to an insoluble support, physically trapped in a macromolecular network, or encapsulated within compartments. Advanced applications of enzymatic cascade reactions with immobilized enzymes include enzymatic fuel cells and enzymatic nanoreactors, both for in vitro and possible in vivo applications. In this Review, we discuss some of the general principles of enzymatic reactions confined on surfaces, at interfaces, and inside small volumes. We also highlight the similarities and differences between the in vivo and in vitro cases and attempt to critically evaluate some of the necessary future steps to improve our fundamental understanding of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Küchler
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Makoto Yoshimoto
- Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Sandra Luginbühl
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Mavelli
- Chemistry Department, University 'Aldo Moro', Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Peter Walde
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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15
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Three-in-one enzyme assay based on single molecule detection in femtoliter arrays. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:7443-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8910-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Special issue: single molecule techniques. Molecules 2015; 20:7772-4. [PMID: 26007165 PMCID: PMC6272226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20057772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological advances in the detection and manipulation of single molecules have enabled new insights into the function, structure and interactions of biomolecules. This Special Issue was launched to account for the rapid progress in the field of “Single Molecule Techniques”. Four original research articles and seven review articles provide an introduction, as well as an in-depth discussion, of technical developments that are indispensable for the characterization of individual biomolecules. Fluorescence microscopy takes center stage in this Special Issue because it is one of the most sensitive and flexible techniques, which has been adapted in many variations to the specific demands of single molecule analysis. Two additional articles are dedicated to single molecule detection based on atomic force microscopy.
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Li YK, Liu GT, Xu JH, Wang K, Luo GS. A microdevice for producing monodispersed droplets under a jetting flow. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02397a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A new capillary extended step microchannel for generating monodispersed droplets with a much wider narrowing jetting flow regime was specially designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. K. Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - G. T. Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - J. H. Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - K. Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - G. S. Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
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