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Azeredo CM, Saraiva MF, de Oliveira MR, Barbosa G, de Almeida MV, de Souza MVN, Soares MJ. The terpenic diamine GIB24 inhibits the growth of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes and intracellular amastigotes, with proteomic analysis of drug-resistant epimastigotes. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 330:109165. [PMID: 32771326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of N-geranyl-ethane-1,2-diamine dihydochloride (GIB24), a synthetic diamine, was assayed against different developmental forms of the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (strain Dm28c). The compound was effective against culture epimastigote forms (IC50/24h = 5.64 μM; SI = 16.4) and intracellular amastigotes (IC50/24h = 12.89 μM; SI = 7.18), as detected by the MTT methodology and by cell counting, respectively. Incubation of epimastigotes for 6h with 6 μM GIB24 (IC50/24h value) resulted in significant dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, prior to permeabilization of the plasma membrane. Rounded epimastigotes with cell size reduction were observed by scanning electron microscopy. These morpho-physiological changes induced by GIB24 suggest an incidental death process. Treatment of infected Vero cells did not prevent the intracellular amastigotes from completing the intracellular cycle. However, there was a decrease in the number of released parasites, increasing the ratio amastigotes/trypomastigotes. Proteomic analysis of 15 μM GIB24 resistant epimastigotes indicated that the compound acts mainly on mitochondrial components involved in the Krebs cycle and in maintaining the oxidative homeostasis of the parasites. Our data suggest that GIB24 is active against the main morphological forms of T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Maria Azeredo
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Carlos Chagas Institute/Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gisele Barbosa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maurilio José Soares
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Carlos Chagas Institute/Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Dos Anjos DO, Sobral Alves ES, Gonçalves VT, Fontes SS, Nogueira ML, Suarez-Fontes AM, Neves da Costa JB, Rios-Santos F, Vannier-Santos MA. Effects of a novel β-lapachone derivative on Trypanosoma cruzi: Parasite death involving apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2016; 6:207-219. [PMID: 27770751 PMCID: PMC5078628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural products comprise valuable sources for new antiparasitic drugs. Here we tested the effects of a novel β-lapachone derivative on Trypanosoma cruzi parasite survival and proliferation and used microscopy and cytometry techniques to approach the mechanism(s) underlying parasite death. The selectivity index determination indicate that the compound trypanocidal activity was over ten-fold more cytotoxic to epimastigotes than to macrophages or splenocytes. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the R72 β-lapachone derivative affected the T. cruzi morphology and surface topography. General plasma membrane waving and blebbing particularly on the cytostome region were observed in the R72-treated parasites. Transmission electron microscopy observations confirmed the surface damage at the cytostome opening vicinity. We also observed ultrastructural evidence of the autophagic mechanism termed macroautophagy. Some of the autophagosomes involved large portions of the parasite cytoplasm and their fusion/confluence may lead to necrotic parasite death. The remarkably enhanced frequency of autophagy triggering was confirmed by quantitating monodansylcadaverine labeling. Some cells displayed evidence of chromatin pycnosis and nuclear fragmentation were detected. This latter phenomenon was also indicated by DAPI staining of R72-treated cells. The apoptotis induction was suggested to take place in circa one-third of the parasites assessed by annexin V labeling measured by flow cytometry. TUNEL staining corroborated the apoptosis induction. Propidium iodide labeling indicate that at least 10% of the R72-treated parasites suffered necrosis within 24 h. The present data indicate that the β-lapachone derivative R72 selectively triggers T. cruzi cell death, involving both apoptosis and autophagy-induced necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Oliveira Dos Anjos
- Lab. Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz UESC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sheila Suarez Fontes
- Lab. Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Brazil
| | - Mateus Lima Nogueira
- Lab. Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Brazil
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Legarda-Ceballos AL, López-Abán J, Del Olmo E, Escarcena R, Bustos LA, Rojas-Caraballo J, Vicente B, Fernández-Soto P, San Feliciano A, Muro A. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of 2-aminoalkanol and 1,2-alkanediamine derivatives against Strongyloides venezuelensis. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:364. [PMID: 27353595 PMCID: PMC4924291 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1648-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Strongyloidiasis is a parasitic disease widely present in tropical and subtropical areas. Strongyloides stercoralis represents the main species that infects human beings. Ivermectin is the current drug of choice; however, issues related with treatment failure in patients with diabetes or infected with T-lymphotropic virus-1 make the identification of new molecules for alternative treatment a priority. In the present study, the activity of sphingosine-related aminoalcohol and diamine were evaluated against Strongyloides venezuelensis third-stage larva (L3) cultures and experimental infections in mice. Methods The efficacy of each compound against L3 was assessed using both XTT (2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) assay and microscopic observation with concentrations ranging from 1 to 350 μM. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using J774.2 macrophage cell line and XTT assay. Lethal concentration 50 (LC50), selectivity index (SI) and structure-activity relationships were established. The activity compounds 4 (2-(ethylamino) hexadecan-1-ol), 6 (2-(butylamino) hexadecan-1-ol), 17 (tert-butyl N-(1-aminododecan-2-yl) carbamate) and 18 (tert-butyl N-(1-aminohexadecan-2-yl) carbamate) were further assessed against experimental S. venezuelensis infections in CD1 mice measuring reductions in the numbers of parthenogenetic females and egg passed in faeces. Mice were infected with 3,000 L3 and treated with 20 mg/kg/day for five days. Results In the screening study of 15 aminoalcohols [lauryl (n = 9); palmityl (n = 13); stearyl (n = 15) and alcohol derivatives], the presence of a palmitol chain was associated with the highest efficacy against L3 (LC50 31.9–39.1 μM). Alkylation of the 2-amino group with medium size fragments as ethyl or n-butyl showed the best larvicidal activity. The dialkylation did not improve efficacy. Aminoalcohols 4 and 6 showed the highest SI (1.5 and 1.6, respectively). With respect to diamine derivative compounds, a chain size of sixteen carbon atoms (palmitoyl chain, n = 13), and the alkylation of the 2-amino group with medium-sized fragments, were associated with the highest lethal activities. The presence of carbamoyl group in diamines 17 and 18 yielded high SI (1.7 and 1.4, respectively). Infected mice treated with aminoalcohol 6 showed reduction in parthenogenetic females (59 %) and eggs in faeces (51 %). Conclusions These results support the potentiality of aminoalcohol and diamine sphingosine-related compounds as suitable prototypes for developing new promising drugs against strongyloidiasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1648-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Legarda-Ceballos
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Avda. Licenciado Méndez Nieto s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Julio López-Abán
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Avda. Licenciado Méndez Nieto s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Esther Del Olmo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (IBSAL-CIETUS), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ricardo Escarcena
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (IBSAL-CIETUS), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis A Bustos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (IBSAL-CIETUS), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Present Address: Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Jose Rojas-Caraballo
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Avda. Licenciado Méndez Nieto s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Present Address: Centro de Investigación en Salud para el Trópico (CIST), Carretera Troncal del Caribe, Sector Mamatoco, Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia.,Present Address: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Carretera Troncal del Caribe, Sector Mamatoco, Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia
| | - Belén Vicente
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Avda. Licenciado Méndez Nieto s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pedro Fernández-Soto
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Avda. Licenciado Méndez Nieto s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Arturo San Feliciano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (IBSAL-CIETUS), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Antonio Muro
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Avda. Licenciado Méndez Nieto s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
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