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Gautam SK, Paul RK, Sawant DM, Sarwal A, Raza K. Critical Review on Balanites aegyptiaca Delile: Phytoconstituents, Pharmacological Properties and Nanointerventions. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:653-663. [PMID: 37930510 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Balanites aegyptiaca Delile (BA) is an enduring xerophytic woody and spinous flowering tree and is commonly known as desert date or Ingudi (Hingot). It belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae, which is specific to be drought areas of Nigeria, Africa, South Asia and India (Rajasthan). In Ayurveda, this traditional medicinal plant is reported for the management of jaundice, syphilis, yellow fever, metabolic disorders, liver, and spleen problems. The main aim of the review is to compile its medicinal uses and further advancements to showcase the promises inherited in various parts of the plant for the benefit of mankind. As per the literature survey, various researchers have focused on the detailed investigation of BA including the phytopharmacological evidence, chemical constituents, nano-formulations, commercialized products, and clinical trials. Several remarkable scaffolds and isolated compounds like diosgenin, yamogenin, balanitin1/2, balanitin 3, bal4/5, bal6/7, rutin-3-glycosides, 3,7-diglycosides, (3, 12, 14, 16)-(12-hydroxycholest-5-ene-3,16-diyl-bis)-D-glucopyranoside and balanitoside have been identified. Additionally, this traditional plant has been scientifically proven by in vitro and in vivo. Based on the complete review of this plant, most of the compounds have been isolated from the fruit and kernel part. Additionally, based on the literature, a histogram was developed for pharmacological activity in which antidiabetic study was found to be more compared to other pharmacological activity. As a spinous desert dates, this plant needs to be explored more to bring out newer phytochemicals in the management of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Kumar Gautam
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Paul
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Devesh M Sawant
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Amita Sarwal
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kaisar Raza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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Mirghani HO. Effect of dates on blood glucose and lipid profile among patients with type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1079-1085. [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i6.1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Poor fruit and vegetable consumption is one of the 10 major risk factors for mortality. There is a misconception regarding the consumption of dates among patients with diabetes. This manuscript assessed the effects of date consumption on fasting and postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins, and microbial markers. Four literature databases were searched for relevant articles. Of the 595 studies retrieved, 24 assessed the effects of dates on glycemic control and lipids. Overall, the evidence suggests that dates have a lowering effect on blood glucose. Dates reduce total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and increase high-density lipoprotein levels. Dates also promote the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota. Therefore, patients with diabetes and dyslipidemia can consume dates to reduce their blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyder Osman Mirghani
- Internal Medicine, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, Tabuk 51941, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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Farid A, Ahmed A, Alaa O, Safwat G. Desert date seed extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles ameliorate hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency through the reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5829. [PMID: 38461158 PMCID: PMC10925048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants represents a huge source of bioactive materials that have been used since the old times in the treatment of many diseases. Balanites aegyptiaca, known as desert date, has been used in treatment of fever, diabetes and bacterial infection. Desert dates contains a hard seed that resembles 50-60% of the fruit. The seed extract contains many fatty acids, amino acids and other bioactive materials that gives the extract its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The study aimed to use Balanites seed extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (SeEx-C NPs) for the treatment of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in male Sprague Dawley rats. Animals were divided into two main divisions (healthy and diabetic rats). Each division contained seven groups (5 rats/group): control untreated group I, SeEx treated group II and group III (10 and 20 mg/kg b.w., respectively), C NPs treated group IV and group V (10 and 20 mg/kg b.w., respectively) and SeEx-C NPs treated group VI and group VII (10 and 20 mg/kg b.w., respectively). The therapeutical effects of SeEx-C NPs were evaluated through biochemical and immunological assessments in rats' pancreases. The results showed that SeEx-C NPs (10 and 20 mg/kg b.w.) reduced the oxidative stress and inflammation in rats' pancreases allowing the islets neogenesis. The loading of SeEx on C NPs allowed the delivery of fatty acids (oleic, lauric and myristic acid), amino acids (lysine, leucine, phenylalanine and valine) and minerals to pancreatic beta-cells in a sustainable manner. SeEx-C NPs administration successfully increased insulin secretion, allowed pancreatic islets neogenesis and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa Farid
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Alaa Ahmed
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Olaya Alaa
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Gehan Safwat
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
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Alahmer S, El-Noss M, Farid A. Preparation of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Balanites aegyptiaca extract for treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130061. [PMID: 38336324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by elevated blood sugar level due to a deficiency in insulin production and/or action. Balanites aegyptiaca (BA) has been employed as a hypoglycemic medication. Nanoparticles (NPs) have many advantages like minimized drug dose, sustainable drug release, maximized bioavailability and delivery of drugs. The study aimed to synthesize novel chitosan (CS) NPs loaded with BA extract (BA Ex). The prepared NPs were examined in treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. The anti-diabetic efficiency was evaluated through measuring of levels of blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines. GC-MS, HPLC and ICP techniques showed the presence of numerous bioactive components that have an anti-diabetic effectiveness. BA Ex-CS NPs succeeded in treatment of diabetes; where, it increased insulin secretion, lowered both FBG and FTA levels and helped in neogenesis of pancreatic islets beta cells. The regenerative activity of BA Ex-CS NPs is attributed to its high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This antioxidant activity scavenged the generated free radicles that resulted from STZ administration. CS NPs raised the plant extract efficacy, prevented its degradation, and regulated the release of its components. The delivery of BA Ex bioactive components has been revolutionized by CS NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Alahmer
- Zoology Dep., Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mostafa El-Noss
- Egyptian Desalithenation Research Center (EDRC), Desert Research Center (DRC), El-Mataryia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alyaa Farid
- Zoology Dep., Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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Zahran F, Nabil A, Nassr A, Barakat N. Amelioration of exosome and mesenchymal stem cells in rats infected with diabetic nephropathy by attenuating early markers and aquaporin-1 expression. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e271731. [PMID: 37466513 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.271731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent diabetic microvascular condition. It is the leading cause of kidney disease in the advanced stages. There is no currently effective treatment available. This research aimed to investigate the curative potentials of exosomes isolated from mesenchymal stem cells affecting DN. This study was performed on 70 male adult albino rats. Adult rats were randomized into seven groups: Group I: Negative control group, Group II: DN group, Group III: Balanites treated group, Group IV: MSCs treated group, Group V: Exosome treated group, Group VI: Balanites + MSCs treated group and Group VII: Balanites + exosome treated group. Following the trial period, blood and renal tissues were subjected to biochemical, gene expression analyses, and histopathological examinations. Results showed that MDA was substantially increased, whereas TAC was significantly decreased in the kidney in the DN group compared to normal health rats. Undesired elevated values of MDA levels and a decrease in TAC were substantially ameliorated in groups co-administered Balanites aegyptiacae with MSCs or exosomes compared to the DN group. A substantial elevation in TNF-α and substantially diminished concentration of IGF-1 were noticed in DN rats compared to normal health rats. Compared to the DN group, the co-administration of Balanites aegyptiacae with MSCs or exosomes substantially improved the undesirable elevated values of TNF-α and IGF-1. Furthermore, in the DN group, the mRNA expression of Vanin-1, Nephrin, and collagen IV was significantly higher than in normal healthy rats. Compared with DN rats, Vanin-1, Nephrin, and collagen IV Upregulation were substantially reduced in groups co-administered Balanites aegyptiacae with MSCs or exosomes. In DN rats, AQP1 expression was significantly lower than in normal healthy rats. Furthermore, the groups co-administered Balanites aegyptiacae with MSCs or exosomes demonstrated a substantial increase in AQP1 mRNA expression compared to DN rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zahran
- Zagazig University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - A Nabil
- Beni-Suef University, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences - PSAS, Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - A Nassr
- Zagazig University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - N Barakat
- Mansoura University, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
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Ibrahim OHM, Al-Qurashi AD, Asiry KA, Mousa MAA, Alhakamy NA, Abo-Elyousr KAM. Investigation of Potential In Vitro Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activities of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile Fruit Extract and Its Phytochemical Components. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11192621. [PMID: 36235487 PMCID: PMC9573292 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic importance of Balanites aegyptiaca in folk medicine for the treatment of several common human diseases has led researchers to conduct phytochemical and pharmacological studies on extracts from various parts of the plant. In the current study, the phytochemical composition of the B. aegyptiaca methanolic fruit extract was characterized, and its antimicrobial activity was evaluated together with the cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, PC-3, and Caco-2, compared with normal Vero cells. Further, its effects on cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction and expression of apoptosis-related genes were assessed. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of fatty acids and their esters in addition to phytosterols, steroid derivatives, and bioflavonoid glycosides with oleic and palmitic acids being the prevalent components (24.12 and 21.56%, respectively). The results showed considerable cytotoxic activity of the extract against the three cancer cell lines (MCF-7, PC-3, and Caco-2) with a selectivity index ranging from 5.07 to 6.52. This effect was further confirmed with the accompanied increased total apoptosis of treated PC-3 cells (19.22% of the total number of cells) compared to the control cells (0.64% of the total number of cells) with cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and the increased transcription of pro-apoptotic genes including P53 (3.69) and BAX (3.33) expressed as fold change (2^ ΔΔCT). The calculated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was similar (62.5 µg/mL) against the three tested bacterial strains (Acinetobacter johnsonii, Serratia marcescens and Agrobacterium tumefaciens), while it was higher than 1000 µg/mL for the fungal species (Rhizoctonia solani, Penicillium italicum, and Fusarium oxysporium). Our findings suggest a promising anticancer activity for B. aegyptiaca, which paves the way for more detailed future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer H. M. Ibrahim
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel D. Al-Qurashi
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A. Asiry
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdi A. A. Mousa
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Dual Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase and Ca++ Channels Explains the Medicinal Use of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) in Hyperactive Gut Disorders. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11091183. [PMID: 35567184 PMCID: PMC9105777 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study attempted to evaluate and rationalize the medicinal use of the methanolic extract of the fruits of Balanites aegyptiaca (B. aegyptiaca) in the treatment of hyperactive gut disorders. The in vivo, castor oil-induced diarrhea model in mice was followed to test its antidiarrheal effect. To test the antispasmodic effect and to explore its pharmacodynamic details, isolated small intestines (ileum) obtained from rats were selected to provide physiological conditions for the ex vivo assays. In the in vivo assays, the orally administered extract of B. aegyptiaca protected mice from diarrheal drops with resultant percent inhibitions of 40% and 80% at the respective doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, while the highest protection (100%) was observed with a positive control drug, loperamide, at 10 mg/kg. In the ileum, B. aegyptiaca produced an antispasmodic effect in a concentration-dependent manner by inhibiting the carbachol (CCh; 1 µM) and high K+ (80 mM)-evoked spasms with resultant EC50 values of 1.44 mg/mL (1.08–1.78) and 1.27 mg/mL (0.98–1.66), respectively. Papaverine, a known phosphodiesterase enzyme (PDE) inhibitor and blocker of Ca++ channels (CCB), also inhibited both CCh and high K+ induced contractions at comparable EC50 values of 8.72 µM (7.92–9.24) and 8.14 µM (7.62–8.84), respectively. Contrary to the extract and papaverine, verapamil showed distinctly higher potency in regard to inhibiting high K+, compared to CCh-evoked spasms that had EC50 values of 0.16 µM (0.13–0.261) and 2.54 µM (2.28–2.92), respectively. The inhibitory effects of B. aegyptiaca on PDE were further confirmed when the pre-incubated extract shifted the isoprenaline-mediated relaxation curves (CRCs) towards the left, similar to papaverine, whereas the CCB-like effect was confirmed when the pre-incubated tissues with B. aegyptiaca caused deflection in the Ca++ CRCs towards the right, constructed in Ca++ free medium with suppression of the maximum response. Thus, this study provides detailed, mechanistic support for the medicinal use of B. aegyptiaca in the treatment of hyperactive gut disorders.
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Hamman LL, Garba SH, Jacks TW, Zirahei JV, Dibal NI, Attah MOO. Zingiber officinale ameliorates diabetic nephropathy and hepatotoxicity in rats by preventing tissue injury and controlling liver/kidney function. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-211557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic hyperglycemia results in decrease glucose metabolism leading to nephropathy, hepatotoxicity and neuropathy. Diabetic complications are regarded globally as one of the leading cause of disability and mortality. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to evaluate the role of Zingiber officinale (ZO) on diabetic nephropathy and hepatotoxicity in rats. METHODS: Thirty diabetic rats and six non-diabetic rats were distributed into six groups (n = 6). Group 1 & 2 (nondiabetic and diabetic) received distilled water at 1 ml/kg. Groups 3–5 received (12.5, 25& 50) mg/kg of ZO respectively while group 6 received 100 mg/kg metformin. All treatments lasted for 28 days and rats were euthanized on day 29. Biochemical parameters, kidney and liver histology were evaluated. RESULTS: No significant change (P > 0.05) was noticed in blood glucose and creatinine levels of diabetic rats treated with 25 mg/kg ZO compared to control. The liver of 25 mg/kg ZO treated diabetic rats showed mild distortion of hepatocytes while kidneys of ZO treated diabetic rats showed mild distortion of renal tubules with few collagen deposits and intact Bowman’s capsule. CONCLUSIONS: ZO ameliorates diabetic complications by regulating biochemical parameters and preventing renal tubules and hepatocytes damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sani Hyedima Garba
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Nathan Isaac Dibal
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
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Zaky AS, Kandeil M, Abdel-Gabbar M, Fahmy EM, Almehmadi MM, Ali TM, Ahmed OM. The Antidiabetic Effects and Modes of Action of the Balanites aegyptiaca Fruit and Seed Aqueous Extracts in NA/STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020263. [PMID: 35213996 PMCID: PMC8876146 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that threatens human health. Medicinal plants have been a source of wide varieties of pharmacologically active constituents and used extensively as crude extracts or as pure compounds for treating various disease conditions. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects and the modes of action of the aqueous extracts of the fruits and seeds of Balanites aegyptiaca (B. aegyptiaca) in nicotinamide (NA)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis indicated that 3,4,6-tri-O-methyl-d-glucose and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- were the major components of the B. aegyptiaca fruit and seed extracts, respectively. A single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) 15 min after intraperitoneal NA injection (60 mg/kg b.w.) was administered to induce type 2 DM. After induction was established, the diabetic rats were treated with the B. aegyptiaca fruit and seed aqueous extracts (200 mg/kg b.w./day) via oral gavage for 4 weeks. As a result of the treatments with the B. aegyptiaca fruit and seed extracts, the treated diabetic-treated rats exhibited a significant improvement in the deleterious effects on oral glucose tolerance; serum insulin, and C-peptide levels; liver glycogen content; liver glucose-6-phosphatase and glycogen phosphorylase activities; serum lipid profile; serum free fatty acid level; liver lipid peroxidation; glutathione content and anti-oxidant enzyme (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase) activities; and the mRNA expression of the adipose tissue expression of the insulin receptor β-subunit. Moreover, the treatment with fruit and seed extracts also produced a remarkable improvement of the pancreatic islet architecture and integrity and increased the islet size and islet cell number. In conclusion, the B. aegyptiaca fruit and seed aqueous extracts exhibit potential anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects, which may be mediated by increasing the serum insulin levels, decreasing insulin resistance, and enhancing the anti-oxidant defense system in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa S. Zaky
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt; (A.S.Z.); (M.A.-G.)
| | - Mohamed Kandeil
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Gabbar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt; (A.S.Z.); (M.A.-G.)
| | - Eman M. Fahmy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt;
| | - Mazen M. Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tarek M. Ali
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt
- Correspondence: or
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Murthy HN, Yadav GG, Dewir YH, Ibrahim A. Phytochemicals and Biological Activity of Desert Date ( Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile). PLANTS 2020; 10:plants10010032. [PMID: 33375570 PMCID: PMC7823407 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Many underutilized tree species are good sources of food, fodder and possible therapeutic agents. Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile belongs to the Zygophyllaceae family and is popularly known as “desert date”, reflecting its edible fruits. This tree grows naturally in Africa, the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent. Local inhabitants use fruits, leaves, roots, stem and root bark of the species for the treatment of various ailments. Several research studies demonstrate that extracts and phytochemicals isolated from desert date display antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and molluscicidal activities. Mesocarp of fruits, seeds, leaves, stem and root bark are rich sources of saponins. These tissues are also rich in phenolic acids, flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids and polysterols. Some constituents show antioxidant, anticancer and antidiabetic properties. The objective of this review is to summarize studies on diverse bioactive compounds and the beneficial properties of B. aegyptiaca.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yaser Hassan Dewir
- Plant Production Department, P.O. Box 2460, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Abdullah Ibrahim
- Plant Production Department, P.O. Box 2460, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Potentials and Safety of Date Palm Fruit against Diabetes: A Critical Review. Foods 2020; 9:foods9111557. [PMID: 33126433 PMCID: PMC7693939 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder triggered by disturbances in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolisms, where either reduced secretion or sensitivity of insulin is observed coupled with poor glucose control. Date palm fruits are one of the fruits reported to have good potential in diabetes treatment due to its presence of polyphenols exerting strong antioxidant activities. Other possible mechanisms of action include the polyphenolic compounds, which can inhibit enzymes like α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Flavonoids in dates can stimulate β-cells by increasing the number of islets and β-cells, recovering endocrine pancreatic tissues, reducing β-cell apoptosis, activating insulin receptors following the increase in insulin secretion, in addition to improving diabetes-induced complications. In this review, the in vitro, in vivo, and human study-based evidence of date palm as an anti-diabetic fruit is summarised.
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Abdelaziz SM, Lemine FMM, Tfeil HO, Filali-Maltouf A, Boukhary AOMS. Phytochemicals, Antioxidant Activity and Ethnobotanical Uses of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. Fruits from the Arid Zone of Mauritania, Northwest Africa. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030401. [PMID: 32213817 PMCID: PMC7154911 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of fruits of 30 B. aegyptiaca trees naturally growing in the hyper-arid and arid zones in Mauritania were evaluated by following standard procedures. Ethnobotanical uses of fruit pulps and kernel were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Balanites aegyptiaca fruit pulp is a good source of sugars (33 g/100 g dry matter (DM)), polyphenols (264 mg GAE/100 g DM) and flavonoids (34.2 mg/100 g DM) with an average antioxidant activity of 519 µmol TEAC/100 g DM. The fruit kernel is rich in lipids (46.2 g/100 g DM) and proteins (29.5 g/100 g DM). Fruits from the hyper-arid zone exhibited high level of polyphenols, antioxidant activity and soluble tannins. Almost all of the informants (97.14%) reported the use of fruit pulp in folk medicine to treat diabetes, while 72.86% reported using the fruit pulp to treat hypertension. Kernel oil is mainly employed as ointments in the treatment of paronychia (57.14%) and dermal infections (35.71%). The predominant methods for preparing/administering fruit pulp/Kernel were maceration (58.8%), sucking fruit pulp (25.7%) and decoction (24.2%). Balanites aegyptiaca fruit contain both nutritional and health-promoting phytochemicals that could be of interest in the development of strategies for sustainable use of this neglected indigenous fruit tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selouka Mint Abdelaziz
- Université de Nouakchott Al Aasriya, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Unité de recherche génomes et milieux, nouveau campus universitaire, Nouakchott, P.O. Box 880, Mauritanie; (S.M.A.); (F.M.M.L.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Vth University, Rabat 10100, Morocco;
| | - Fouteye Mint Mohamed Lemine
- Université de Nouakchott Al Aasriya, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Unité de recherche génomes et milieux, nouveau campus universitaire, Nouakchott, P.O. Box 880, Mauritanie; (S.M.A.); (F.M.M.L.)
| | - Hasni Ould Tfeil
- Laboratoire de chimie, Office national d’inspection sanitaire des produits alimentaires (ONISPA), Nouakchott P.O. Box 137, Mauritanie;
| | - Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Vth University, Rabat 10100, Morocco;
| | - Ali Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary
- Université de Nouakchott Al Aasriya, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Unité de recherche génomes et milieux, nouveau campus universitaire, Nouakchott, P.O. Box 880, Mauritanie; (S.M.A.); (F.M.M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +222-2677-9299
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Xiao B, Sun Z, Sun SY, Dong J, Li Y, Gao S, Pang J, Chang Q. Effect of cortex mori on pharmacokinetic profiles of main isoflavonoids from pueraria lobata in rat plasma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 209:140-146. [PMID: 28739387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Radix pueraria (the root of pueraria lobata (Wild.) Ohwi.), which contains a class of isoflavonoids as the main active components, as well as cortex mori (the root bark of Morus alba L), which contains abundant active alkaloids, have been employed for the treatment of diabetes in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. In previous studies, pharmacodynamic synergistic reactions have been observed in compatible application of pueraria lobata isoflavonoids extracts (PLF) and cortex mori alkaloids extracts (CME) for inhibiting α-glycosidase activity. It has also been demonstrated that PLF can effectively slow down the absorption of active alkaloid from CME, so as to produce a higher effective concentration in small intestine for depressing the elevation of postprandial blood glucose through inhibiting α-glycosidase activity. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, the hypoglycemic effect of PLF, CME or CME-PLF mixture (the mixture of CME and PLF at a ratio of 1:6.3) was further evaluated through in vivo glucose tolerance studies. And the effect of CME on pharmacokinetic profiles of main isoflavonoids from PLF in rat plasma was investigated to further underlie compatibility mechanism of the two herbs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four groups of rats received an oral dose of starch solution alone or simultaneously with drugs by gavage feeding. The blood samples were collected to determine glucose concentrations by glucose oxidase method. In addition, another two groups of rats were orally administered with PLF or CME-PLF. The plasma samples were collected and assayed using an LC/MS/MS method for comparatively pharmacokinetic studies of five main isoflavonoids. RESULTS For starch loading, co-administration of CME-PLF resulted in more potent inhibition effects on glucose responses compared to those by CME or PLF in rat. The isoflavonoids from PLF were rapidly absorbed, presenting similarly low concentrations in plasma. When CME was added, the Cmax and AUC of all the five isoflavonoids were increased. A phenomenon of double peaks was found for all analysts. The elimination rates of all the detected isoflavonoids were also slowed down with extension of t1/2. CONCLUSIONS: CME has been found to increase the absorption and delay the elimination of main isoflavonoids from PLF, which might result in higher concentrations of circulating active compounds for anti diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Xiao
- The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222002, PR China; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zengxian Sun
- The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222002, PR China
| | - Shu Yang Sun
- Overseas Education College, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Jie Dong
- The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222002, PR China
| | - Yanli Li
- The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222002, PR China
| | - Shan Gao
- The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222002, PR China
| | - Jie Pang
- The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222002, PR China
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Liu Q, Li X, Li C, Zheng Y, Peng G. 1-Deoxynojirimycin Alleviates Insulin Resistance via Activation of Insulin Signaling PI3K/AKT Pathway in Skeletal Muscle of db/db Mice. Molecules 2015; 20:21700-14. [PMID: 26690098 PMCID: PMC6331926 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) is widely used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus as an inhibitor of intestinal α-glucosidase. However, there are few reports about its effect on insulin sensitivity improvement. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether DNJ decreased hyperglycemia by improving insulin sensitivity. An economical method was established to prepare large amounts of DNJ. Then, db/db mice were treated with DNJ intravenously (20, 40 and 80 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) for four weeks. Blood glucose and biochemical analyses were conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects on hyperglycemia and the related molecular mechanisms in skeletal muscle were explored. DNJ significantly reduced body weight, blood glucose and serum insulin levels. DNJ treatment also improved glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance. Moreover, although expressions of total protein kinase B (AKT), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), insulin receptor beta (IR-β), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle were not affected, GLUT4 translocation and phosphorylation of Ser473-AKT, p85-PI3K, Tyr1361-IR-β and Tyr612-IRS1 were significantly increased by DNJ treatment. These results indicate that DNJ significantly improved insulin sensitivity via activating insulin signaling PI3K/AKT pathway in skeletal muscle of db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Cunyu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yunfeng Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Guoping Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
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