Development and Characterization of Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers for Sedum sarmentosum (Crassulaceae) and Their Cross-Species Transferability

Development of nuclear and chloroplast polymorphic microsatellites for Crossostephium chinense (Asteraceae)

BACKGROUND

Crossostephium chinense is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb and it is often cultivated as an ornamental plant. Previous studies on this species mainly focused on its chemical composition and it was rarely represented in genetic studies, and thus genomic resources remain scarce.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Both chloroplast and nuclear polymorphic microsatellites of C. chinense were screened from genome skimming data of two individuals. 64 and 63 cpSSR markers were identified from two chloroplast genomes of C. chinense. A total of 133 polymorphic nSSRs were developed. Ten nSSRs were randomly selected to test their transferability across 35 individuals from three populations of C. chinense, and 20 individuals each of Artemisia stolonifera and A. argyi. Cross-amplifications were successfully done for C. chinense and were partially amplified for both Artemisia species. The number of alleles varied from two to nine. The observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.000 to 0.286 and from 0.029 to 0.755, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, we developed polymorphic cpSSRs and nSSRs markers for C. chinense based on genome skimming sequencing. These genomic resources will be valuable for population genetics and conservation studies in C. chinense and Artemisia.

Simultaneous determination of eight flavonoids in Sedum sarmentosum Bunge from different areas by UHPLC with triple quadrupole MS/MS

Sedum sarmentosum Bunge (SSB) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine containing multiple components that has been extensively used clinically to treat chronic viral hepatitis and some inflammatory diseases. Total flavonoids are major pharmacologically active components of SSB. To gain a deeper understanding of SSB resources, we analyzed eight chemical constituents in 33 batches of SSB from 11 regions in China. An accurate, precise and sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of eight flavonoids in SSB. Under the optimized chromatographic conditions, good separation for the eight target components was obtained on an Agilent Zobax SB C₁₈ (50 × 2.1 mm, 5 μm) column within 4 min. The established methods were validated with good linearity (r ≥ 0.9988), precision (RSD ≤ 2.68%), stability (1.43-3.28%) and repeatability (1.14-2.89%). Moreover, the average recoveries were 95.91-100.68%, and the RSDs were 1.50-3.80%. In addition, the analytical conditions of UPLC-ESI-MS/MS provided better sensitivity with a shorter analysis time when compared with the HPLC-DAD method. Hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis were performed to estimate and classify these samples based on the contents of the eight chemical constituents. This study provided the theoretical basis and scientific evidence for the development and utilization of SSB resources.