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Fei SF, Hou C, Jia F. Effects of salidroside on atherosclerosis: potential contribution of gut microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1400981. [PMID: 39092226 PMCID: PMC11292615 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1400981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Much research describes gut microbiota in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) for that the composition of the intestinal microbiome or its metabolites can directly participate in the development of endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and its adverse complications. Salidroside, a natural phenylpropane glycoside, exhibits promising biological activity against the progression of ASCVD. Recent studies suggested that the gut microbiota played a crucial role in mediating the diverse beneficial effects of salidroside on health. Here, we describe the protective effects of salidroside against the progression of atherosclerosis. Salidroside regulates the abundance of gut microbiotas and gut microbe-dependent metabolites. Moreover, salidroside improves intestinal barrier function and maintains intestinal epithelial barrier function integrity. In addition, salidroside attenuates the inflammatory responses exacerbated by gut microbiota disturbance. This review delves into how salidroside functions to ameliorate atherosclerosis by focusing on its interaction with gut microbiota, uncovering the potential roles of gut microbiota in the diverse biological impacts of salidroside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fang Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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2
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Liu H, Yu S, Li X, Wang X, Qi D, Pan F, Chai X, Wang Q, Pan Y, Zhang L, Liu Y. Integration of Deep Learning and Sequential Metabolism to Rapidly Screen Dipeptidyl Peptidase (DPP)-IV Inhibitors from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Molecules 2023; 28:7381. [PMID: 37959800 PMCID: PMC10649927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) possesses unique advantages in the management of blood glucose and lipids. However, there is still a significant gap in the exploration of its pharmacologically active components. Integrated strategies encompassing deep-learning prediction models and active validation based on absorbable ingredients can greatly improve the identification rate and screening efficiency in TCM. In this study, the affinity prediction of 11,549 compounds from the traditional Chinese medicine system's pharmacology database (TCMSP) with dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) based on a deep-learning model was firstly conducted. With the results, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (GJE), a food medicine with homologous properties, was selected as a model drug. The absorbed components of GJE were subsequently identified through in vivo intestinal perfusion and oral administration. As a result, a total of 38 prototypical absorbed components of GJE were identified. These components were analyzed to determine their absorption patterns after intestinal, hepatic, and systemic metabolism. Virtual docking and DPP-IV enzyme activity experiments were further conducted to validate the inhibitory effects and potential binding sites of the common constituents of deep learning and sequential metabolism. The results showed a significant DPP-IV inhibitory activity (IC50 53 ± 0.63 μg/mL) of the iridoid glycosides' potent fractions, which is a novel finding. Genipin 1-gentiobioside was screened as a promising new DPP-IV inhibitor in GJE. These findings highlight the potential of this innovative approach for the rapid screening of active ingredients in TCM and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-diabetic activity of GJE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huining Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (H.L.); (S.Y.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (D.Q.); (F.P.); (X.C.); (Q.W.)
| | - Shuang Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (H.L.); (S.Y.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (D.Q.); (F.P.); (X.C.); (Q.W.)
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (H.L.); (S.Y.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (D.Q.); (F.P.); (X.C.); (Q.W.)
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (H.L.); (S.Y.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (D.Q.); (F.P.); (X.C.); (Q.W.)
| | - Dongying Qi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (H.L.); (S.Y.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (D.Q.); (F.P.); (X.C.); (Q.W.)
| | - Fulu Pan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (H.L.); (S.Y.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (D.Q.); (F.P.); (X.C.); (Q.W.)
| | - Xiaoyu Chai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (H.L.); (S.Y.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (D.Q.); (F.P.); (X.C.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qianqian Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (H.L.); (S.Y.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (D.Q.); (F.P.); (X.C.); (Q.W.)
| | - Yanli Pan
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (H.L.); (S.Y.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (D.Q.); (F.P.); (X.C.); (Q.W.)
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3
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Yang W, Jiang X, Liu J, Qi D, Luo Z, Yu G, Li X, Sen M, Chen H, Liu W, Liu Y, Wang G. Integrated Strategy From In Vitro, In Situ, In Vivo to In Silico for Predicting Active Constituents and Exploring Molecular Mechanisms of Tongfengding Capsule for Treating Gout by Inhibiting Inflammatory Responses. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:759157. [PMID: 34912220 PMCID: PMC8666879 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.759157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of screening active constituents from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is important for explicating the mechanism of action of TCM and further evaluating the safety and efficacy effectively. However, detecting and identifying the active constituents from complicated biological samples still remain a challenge. Here, a practical, quick, and novel integrated strategy from in vitro, in situ, in vivo to in silico for rapidly screening the active constituents was developed. Firstly, the chemical profile of TCM in vitro was identified using UPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap HRMS. Secondly, the in situ intestinal perfusion with venous sampling (IPVS) method was used to investigate the intestinal absorption components. Thirdly, after intragastric administration of the TCM extract, the in vivo absorbed prototype components were detected and identified. Finally, the target network pharmacology approach was applied to explore the potential targets and possible mechanisms of the absorbed components from TCM. The reliability and availability of this approach was demonstrated using Tongfengding capsule (TFDC) as an example of herbal medicine. A total of 141 compounds were detected and identified in TFDC, and among them, 64 components were absorbed into the plasma. Then, a total of 35 absorbed bioactive components and 50 related targets shared commonly by compounds and gout were integrated via target network pharmacology analysis. Ultimately, the effects of the absorbed components on metabolism pathways were verified by experiments. These results demonstrated that this original method may provide a practical tool for screening bioactive compounds from TCM treating particular diseases. Furthermore, it also can clarify the potential mechanism of action of TCM and rationalize the application of TFDC as an effective herbal therapy for gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenning Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoquan Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingtong Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongying Qi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Muli Sen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjiao Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guopeng Wang
- Zhongcai Health (Beijing) Biological Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
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4
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Lack of salidroside impact on selected cytochromes encoding genes transcription in the liver of ethanol induced rats. HERBA POLONICA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2021-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction: The molecular basis of in vivo metabolism of selected representatives of phenylethanoids in the presence of ethanol has not been fully elucidated.
Objective: The aim was to estimate a salidroside (Sal) metabolism in the liver tissue in rats with induced alcohol tolerance by assessing changes in the transcription of genes encoding cytochromes: CYP1A2, 2D2, 3A1, 2C23.
Methods: cDNA was synthesized from total RNA isolated from rat liver samples. mRNA level changes were evaluated using real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) technique.
Results: Ethanol caused a significant induction of the CYP1A2 and CYP2C23 genes transcription, and a decrease in the CYP3A1 mRNA level, predominantly without statistical significance. A statistically significant increase of the CYP1A2 mRNA level was observed in the group receiving only Sal (4.5 mg/kg b.w.; p.o.) (p<0.01).
Conclusions: There was no unequivocal effect of salidroside on the transcription of investigated cytochrome genes in the liver of rats with induced alcohol tolerance.
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Luo Z, Liu Y, Han X, Yang W, Wang G, Wang J, Jiang X, Sen M, Li X, Yu G, Shi Y. Mechanism of Paeoniae Radix Alba in the Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Based on Sequential Metabolites Identification Approach, Network Pharmacology, and Binding Affinity Measurement. Front Nutr 2021; 8:677659. [PMID: 34604271 PMCID: PMC8481579 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.677659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening functional food ingredients (FFI) from medicinal and edible plants (MEP) has still remained a great challenge due to the complexity of MEP and its obscure function mechanisms. Herein, an integrated strategy based on sequential metabolites identification approach, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis was proposed for quickly identifying the active constituents in MEP. First, the sequential biotransformation process of MEP, including intestinal absorption and metabolism, and hepatic metabolism, was investigated by oral gavage, and intestinal perfusion with venous sampling method. Then the blood samples were analyzed by UPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap HRMS. Second, the network pharmacology approach was used to explore the potential targets and possible mechanisms of the in vivo metabolites of MEP. Third, molecular docking and SPR approaches were used to verify the specific interactions between protein targets and representative ingredients. The proposed integrated strategy was successfully used to explore the heptoprotective components and the underlying molecular mechanism of Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA). A total of 44 compounds were identified in blood samples, including 17 porotypes and 27 metabolites. The associated metabolic pathways were oxidation, methylation, sulfation, and glucuronidation. After further screening, 31 bioactive candidates and 377 related targets were obtained. In addition, the bioactive components contained in PRA may have therapeutic potentials for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The above results demonstrated the proposed strategy may provide a feasible tool for screening FFI and elaborating the complex function mechanisms of MEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Han
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenning Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guopeng Wang
- Zhongcai Health (Beijing) Biological Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoquan Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Muli Sen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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6
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Magani SKJ, Mupparthi SD, Gollapalli BP, Shukla D, Tiwari AK, Gorantala J, Yarla NS, Tantravahi S. Salidroside - Can it be a Multifunctional Drug? Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:512-524. [PMID: 32520682 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200610172105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salidroside is a glucoside of tyrosol found mostly in the roots of Rhodiola spp. It exhibits diverse biological and pharmacological properties. In the last decade, enormous research is conducted to explore the medicinal properties of salidroside; this research reported many activities like anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-diabetic, anti-depressant, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, etc. Objective: Despite its multiple pharmacological effects, a comprehensive review detailing its metabolism and therapeutic activities is still missing. This review aims to provide an overview of the metabolism of salidroside, its role in alleviating different metabolic disorders, diseases and its molecular interaction with the target molecules in different conditions. This review mostly concentrates on the metabolism, biological activities and molecular pathways related to various pharmacological activities of salidroside. CONCLUSION Salidroside is produced by a three-step pathway in the plants with tyrosol as an intermediate molecule. The molecule is biotransformed into many metabolites through phase I and II pathways. These metabolites, together with a certain amount of salidroside may be responsible for various pharmacological functions. The salidroside based inhibition of PI3k/AKT, JAK/ STAT, and MEK/ERK pathways and activation of apoptosis and autophagy are the major reasons for its anti-cancer activity. AMPK pathway modulation plays a significant role in its anti-diabetic activity. The neuroprotective activity was linked with decreased oxidative stress and increased antioxidant enzymes, Nrf2/HO-1 pathways, decreased inflammation through suppression of NF-κB pathway and PI3K/AKT pathways. These scientific findings will pave the way to clinically translate the use of salidroside as a multi-functional drug for various diseases and disorders in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dhananjay Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - A K Tiwari
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Bhanvar Singh Porte Government College, Pendra Bilaspur, India
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Wu L, Georgiev MI, Cao H, Nahar L, El-Seedi HR, Sarker SD, Xiao J, Lu B. Therapeutic potential of phenylethanoid glycosides: A systematic review. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2605-2649. [PMID: 32779240 DOI: 10.1002/med.21717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) are generally water-soluble phenolic compounds that occur in many medicinal plants. Until June 2020, more than 572 PhGs have been isolated and identified. PhGs possess antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, antioxidant, antiviral, and neuroprotective properties. Despite these promising benefits, PhGs have failed to fulfill their therapeutic applications due to their poor bioavailability. The attempts to understand their metabolic pathways to improve their bioavailability are investigated. In this review article, we will first summarize the number of PhGs compounds which is not accurate in the literature. The latest information on the biological activities, structure-activity relationships, mechanisms, and especially the clinical applications of PhGs will be reviewed. The bioavailability of PhGs will be summarized and factors leading to the low bioavailability will be analyzed. Recent advances in methods such as bioenhancers and nanotechnology to improve the bioavailability of PhGs are also summarized. The existing scientific gaps of PhGs in knowledge are also discussed, highlighting research directions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Hui Cao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, SKL of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacognosy Group, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, SKL of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
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8
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Fan F, Yang L, Li R, Zou X, Li N, Meng X, Zhang Y, Wang X. Salidroside as a potential neuroprotective agent for ischemic stroke: a review of sources, pharmacokinetics, mechanism and safety. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110458. [PMID: 32603893 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salidroside (Sal) is a bioactive extract principally from traditional herbal medicine such as Rhodiola rosea L., which has been commonly used for hundreds of years in Asia countries. The excellent neuroprotective capacity of Sal has been illuminated in recent studies. This work focused on the source, pharmacokinetics, safety and anti-ischemic stroke (IS) effect of Sal, especially emphasizing its mechanism of action and BBB permeability. Extensive databases, including Pubmed, Web of science (WOS), Google Scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), were applied to obtain relevant online literatures. Sal exerts powerful therapeutic effects on IS in experimental models either in vitro or in vivo due to its neuroprotection, with significantly diminishing infarct size, preventing cerebral edema and improving neurological function. Also, the findings suggest the underlying mechanisms involve anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis by regulating multiple signaling pathways and key molecules, such as NF-κB, TNF-α and PI3K/Akt pathway. In pharmacokinetics, although showing a rapid absorption and elimination, bioavailability of Sal is elevated under some non-physiological conditions. The component and its metabolite (tyrosol) are capable of distributing to brain tissue and the later keeps a higher level of concentration. Moreover, Sal scarcely has obvious toxicity or side effects in a variety of animal experiments and clinical trials, but combination of drugs and perinatal use of medicine should be taken more attentions. Finally, as an active ingredient, not only is Sal isolated from diverse plants with limited yield, but also large batches of the products can be harvested by biological and chemical synthesis. With higher efficacy and better safety profiles, Sal could sever as a promising neuroprotectant for preventing and treating IS. Nevertheless, further investigations are still required to explore the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of Sal in the treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Fan
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Rui Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xuemei Zou
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ning Li
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Qi T, Ge BK, Zhao L, Ma Y, Li XR, Xu PX, Xue M. Cytosolic β-glucosidase inhibition and renal blood flow suppression are leading causes for the enhanced systemic exposure of salidroside in hypoxic rats. RSC Adv 2018; 8:8469-8483. [PMID: 35539855 PMCID: PMC9078534 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13295f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The promising benefits of salidroside (SAL) in alleviating high altitude sickness boost investigations on its pharmacokinetics and biological activity. However, the transportation and disposition process of SAL under hypoxic conditions has never been explored. The current study was proposed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of SAL in hypoxic rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms for the distinct metabolic fate of SAL under hypoxia. Pharmacokinetic studies on SAL was conducted in both hypoxic and normoxic rats. The transport properties of SAL were investigated on both hypoxic and normoxic Caco-2 monolayer models. Enzymes involved in SAL metabolism were identified and the effects of hypoxia on these enzymes were assessed by real-time PCR, western blotting analyses, and rat liver homogenate incubation. The renal clearance (CLr) of SAL, effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in both hypoxic and normoxic rats were also determined for renal function assessment. It was found that the systemic exposure of SAL in hypoxic rats was remarkably higher than that in normoxic rats. The barrier function of Caco-2 monolayer was weakened under hypoxia due to the impaired brush border microvilli and decreased expression of tight junction protein. Hepatic metabolism of SAL in hypoxic rats was attenuated due to the reduced activity of cytosolic β-glucosidase (CBG). Moreover, CLr of SAL was reduced in hypoxic rats due to the suppressed ERPF. Our findings suggest the potential need for dose-adjustment of SAL or its structural analogs under hypoxic conditions. CBG inhibition and renal blood flow suppression are leading causes for the enhanced systemic exposure of SAL in hypoxic rats.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Qi
- Department of Pharmacology
- Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing
| | - Bei-kang Ge
- Department of Pharmacology
- Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology
- Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Pharmacology
- Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing
| | - Xiao-rong Li
- Department of Pharmacology
- Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing
| | - Ping-xiang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology
- Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing
| | - Ming Xue
- Department of Pharmacology
- Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing
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Screening and Identification of the Metabolites in Rat Plasma and Urine after Oral Administration of Areca catechu L. Nut Extract by Ultra-High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Linear Ion Trap-Orbitrap Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2017. [PMID: 28635656 PMCID: PMC6152711 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22061026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Areca catechu L. nut, a well-known toxic traditional herbal medicine, has been widely used to treat various diseases in China and many other Asian countries for centuries. However, to date the in vivo absorption and metabolism of its multiple bioactive or toxic components still remain unclear. In this study, liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the major components and their metabolites in rat plasma and urine after oral administration of Areca catechu L. nut extract (ACNE). A total of 12 compounds, including 6 alkaloids, 3 tannins and 3 amino acids, were confirmed or tentatively identified from ACNE. In vivo, 40 constituents, including 8 prototypes and 32 metabolites were identified in rat plasma and urine samples. In summary, this study showed an insight into the metabolism of ACNE in vivo, which may provide helpful chemical information for better understanding of the toxicological and pharmacological profiles of ACNE.
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Sun M, Luo Z, Liu Y, Yang R, Lu L, Yu G, Ma X, Liu A, Guo Y, Zhao H. Identification of the Major Components of Buddleja officinalis
Extract and Their Metabolites in Rat Urine by UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap. J Food Sci 2016; 81:H2587-H2596. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica; Beijing Univ. of Chinese Medicine; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica; Beijing Univ. of Chinese Medicine; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica; Beijing Univ. of Chinese Medicine; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Ruirui Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica; Beijing Univ. of Chinese Medicine; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Lina Lu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica; Beijing Univ. of Chinese Medicine; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Guohua Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica; Beijing Univ. of Chinese Medicine; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica; Beijing Univ. of Chinese Medicine; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Aoxue Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica; Beijing Univ. of Chinese Medicine; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Yafang Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica; Beijing Univ. of Chinese Medicine; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- Inst. of Chinese Materia Medica; China Acad. of Chinese Medical Sciences; Beijing P.R. China
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