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Santos EM, Chandra I, Assar Z, Sheng W, Ghanbarpour A, Bingham C, Vasileiou C, Geiger JH, Borhan B. Regulation of Absorption and Emission in a Protein/Fluorophore Complex. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:1725-1732. [PMID: 39046136 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Human cellular retinol binding protein II (hCRBPII) was used as a protein engineering platform to rationally regulate absorptive and emissive properties of a covalently bound fluorogenic dye. We demonstrate the binding of a thio-dapoxyl analog via formation of a protonated imine between an active site lysine residue and the chromophore's aldehyde. Rational manipulation of the electrostatics of the binding pocket results in a 204 nm shift in absorption and a 131 nm shift in emission. The protein is readily expressed in mammalian systems and binds with exogenously delivered fluorophore as demonstrated by live-cell imaging experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Ishita Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Zahra Assar
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Wei Sheng
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Alireza Ghanbarpour
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Courtney Bingham
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Chrysoula Vasileiou
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - James H Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Babak Borhan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Santos EM, Sheng W, Esmatpour Salmani R, Tahmasebi Nick S, Ghanbarpour A, Gholami H, Vasileiou C, Geiger JH, Borhan B. Design of Large Stokes Shift Fluorescent Proteins Based on Excited State Proton Transfer of an Engineered Photobase. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15091-15102. [PMID: 34516091 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The incredible potential for fluorescent proteins to revolutionize biology has inspired the development of a variety of design strategies to address an equally broad range of photophysical characteristics, depending on potential applications. Of these, fluorescent proteins that simultaneously exhibit high quantum yield, red-shifted emission, and wide separation between excitation and emission wavelengths (Large Stokes Shift, LSS) are rare. The pursuit of LSS systems has led to the formation of a complex, obtained from the marriage of a rationally engineered protein (human cellular retinol binding protein II, hCRBPII) and different fluorogenic molecules, capable of supporting photobase activity. The large increase in basicity upon photoexcitation leads to protonation of the fluorophore in the excited state, dramatically red-shifting its emission, leading to an LSS protein/fluorophore complex. Essential for selective photobase activity is the intimate involvement of the target protein structure and sequence that enables Excited State Proton Transfer (ESPT). The potential power and usefulness of the strategy was demonstrated in live cell imaging of human cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Santos
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Wei Sheng
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | | | - Setare Tahmasebi Nick
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Alireza Ghanbarpour
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Hadi Gholami
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Chrysoula Vasileiou
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - James H Geiger
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Babak Borhan
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Reja SI, Minoshima M, Hori Y, Kikuchi K. Near-infrared fluorescent probes: a next-generation tool for protein-labeling applications. Chem Sci 2020; 12:3437-3447. [PMID: 34163617 PMCID: PMC8179524 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04792a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes over the past few decades has changed the way that biomolecules are imaged, and thus represents one of the most rapidly progressing areas of research. Presently, NIR fluorescent probes are routinely used to visualize and understand intracellular activities. The ability to penetrate tissues deeply, reduced photodamage to living organisms, and a high signal-to-noise ratio characterize NIR fluorescent probes as efficient next-generation tools for elucidating various biological events. The coupling of self-labeling protein tags with synthetic fluorescent probes is one of the most promising research areas in chemical biology. Indeed, at present, protein-labeling techniques are not only used to monitor the dynamics and localization of proteins but also play a more diverse role in imaging applications. For instance, one of the dominant technologies employed in the visualization of protein activity and regulation is based on protein tags and their associated NIR fluorescent probes. In this mini-review, we will discuss the development of several NIR fluorescent probes used for various protein-tag systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahi Imam Reja
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masafumi Minoshima
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hori
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kazuya Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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Strmiskova M, Tsao K, Keillor JW. Rational design of a highly reactive dicysteine peptide tag for fluorogenic protein labelling. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:6332-6340. [PMID: 30131994 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01417e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rationally designed libraries of a short helical peptide sequence containing two cysteine residues were screened kinetically for their reactivity towards complementary dimaleimide fluorogens. This screening revealed variant sequences whose reactivity has been increased by an order of magnitude relative to the original sequence. The most reactive engineered sequences feature mutant residues bearing positive charges, suggesting the pKa values of the adjacent thiol groups have been significantly lowered, through electrostatic stabilization of the thiolate ionization state. pH-Rate profiles measured for several mutant sequences support this mechanism of rate enhancement. The practical utility of the enhanced reactivity of the final engineered dicysteine tag ('dC10*') was then demonstrated in the fluorogenic intracellular labelling of histone H2B in living HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Strmiskova
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Chen Y, Tsao K, Acton SL, Keillor JW. A Green BODIPY-Based, Super-Fluorogenic, Protein-Specific Labelling Agent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12390-12394. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingche Chen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie-Curie Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Kelvin Tsao
- Department of Chemistry; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie-Curie Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Sydney L. Acton
- Department of Chemistry; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie-Curie Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Jeffrey W. Keillor
- Department of Chemistry; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie-Curie Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
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