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Alami MM, Shu S, Liu S, Alami MJ, Feng S, Mei Z, Yang G, Wang X. Impact of nitrogen rates on biosynthesis pathways: A comparative study of diterpene synthases in clerodane diterpenoids and enzymes in benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135985. [PMID: 39322146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Tinospora sagittata is rich in secondary metabolites used in traditional medicine. However, environmental factors impact key enzymes in metabolite synthesis, highlighting the need for improved growth conditions. This study employs transcriptomics and metabolomics to assess nitrogen's impact on enzymes in secondary metabolites biosynthesis pathways. The gene expressions of berberine bridge enzymes (BBEs) like TsBBE2 had peak expression in low nitrogen treatments (A0 and A1) but were absent in higher nitrogen treatments (A2 and A3). Similar trends were observed for other enzymes such as (S)-scoulerine 9-O-methyltransferase (TsCMT3), Tetrahydroberberine oxidase (TsSTOX), and Columbamine O-methyltransferase (TsCoCOMT2-4) in response to nitrogen levels. In examining gene families related to diterpene synthases (diTPS), 1-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase (TsDXR1) expression increased with higher nitrogen fertilizer, while TsDXR2 peaked at maximal nitrogen levels. Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (TsGGPP3 and TsGGPP5) decreased with nitrogen levels. (-)-kolavenyl diphosphate synthase (KPS) genes had higher expression in treatments, while ent-kaurene synthase (KSL) genes, especially TsKSL1 and TsKSL2, showed higher expression in control conditions with lower nitrogen fertilizer. Metabolite analysis confirmed more upregulated compounds in A3 compared to A0. These findings have practical implications for agriculture and pharmaceuticals, highlighting the link between nitrogen fertilization and specialized metabolism in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaohua Shu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sanbo Liu
- China Resources Sanjiu (Huangshi) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Huangshi 435000, Hubei, China
| | - Mohammad Jawad Alami
- Institute of Urban Environment (IUE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shengqiu Feng
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhinan Mei
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guozheng Yang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuekui Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Alami MM, Shu S, Liu S, Ouyang Z, Zhang Y, Lv M, Sang Y, Gong D, Yang G, Feng S, Mei Z, Xie DY, Wang X. Chromosome-scale genome assembly of medicinal plant Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep. from the Menispermaceae family. Sci Data 2024; 11:610. [PMID: 38866889 PMCID: PMC11169364 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep. is an important medicinal tetraploid plant in the Menispermaceae family. Its tuber, Radix Tinosporae, used in traditional Chinese medicine, is rich in diterpenoids and benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs). To enhance our understanding of medicinal compounds' biosynthesis and Menispermaceae's evolution, we herein report assembling a high-quality chromosome-scale genome with both PacBio HiFi and Illumina sequencing technologies. PacBio Sequel II generated 2.5 million circular consensus sequencing (CCS) reads, and a hybrid assembly strategy with Illumina sequencing resulted in 4483 contigs. The assembled genome size was 2.33 Gb, consisting of 4070 scaffolds (N50 = 42.06 Mb), of which 92.05% were assigned to 26 pseudochromosomes. T. sagittata's chromosomal-scale genome assembly, the first species in Menispermaceae, aids Menispermaceae evolution and T. sagittata's secondary metabolites biosynthesis understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaohua Shu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sanbo Liu
- China Resources Sanjiu (Huangshi) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Huangshi, 435000, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yipeng Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meijia Lv
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonghui Sang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dalin Gong
- China Resources Sanjiu (Huangshi) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Huangshi, 435000, Hubei, China
| | - Guozheng Yang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengqiu Feng
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhinan Mei
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - De-Yu Xie
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Xuekui Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Song JQ, Yang KC, Fan XZ, Deng L, Zhu YL, Zhou H, Huang YS, Kong XQ, Zhang LJ, Liao HB. Clerodane diterpenoids with in-vitro anti-neuroinflammatory activity from the tuberous root of Tinospora sagittata (Menispermaceae). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 218:113932. [PMID: 38056516 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-six clerodane diterpenoids have been isolated from T. sagittata, a plant species of traditional Chinese medicine Radix Tinosporae, also named as "Jin Guo Lan". Among them, there are eight previously undescribed clerodane diterpenoids (tinotanoids A-H: 1-8), and 18 known diterpenoids (9-26). The absolute configurations of compounds 1, 2, 5, 8, 13, 17 and 20 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 is the first example of rotameric clerodane diterpenoid with a γ-lactone ring which is constructed between C-11 and C-17; meanwhile, compounds 3 and 4 are two pairs of inseparable epimers. Compounds 2, 12 and 17 demonstrated excellent inhibitory activity on NO production against LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells with IC50 values of 9.56 ± 0.69, 9.11 ± 0.53 and 11.12 ± 0.70 μM, respectively. These activities were significantly higher than that of the positive control minocycline (IC50 = 23.57 ± 0.92 μM). Moreover, compounds 2, 12 and 17 dramatically reduced the LPS-induced upregulation of iNOS and COX-2 expression. Compounds 2 and 12 significantly inhibited the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 that were increased by LPS stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Song
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Kai-Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xian-Zhe Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Li Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yang-Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Ya-Si Huang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Kong
- GuangZhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Hai-Bing Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.
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Jia X, Ma X, Liu P. Tinosporae radix: A Review of Traditional Use, Botany, Phytochemistry, Bioactivity, and Quality Marker. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1413-1433. [PMID: 37859314 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073259834230920073050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tinosporae radix is the root tuber of Tinospora capillipes Gagnep of the Menispermaceae family. It has the effects of clearing away heat and toxins, benefiting the throat, relieving pain, and treating sore throat, carbuncle and boils, and other diseases in clinical practice. METHODS The related references about T. radix in this review were collected by online databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, Willy, SciFinder, SpringLink, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, ACS publications, Scopus, and CNKI. The other information about T. radix was acquired from ancient books and classical works. RESULTS T. radix is an important medicinal plant with a variety of traditional uses according to the theory of Chinese medicine. Previous studies revealed that T. radix contained a variety of chemical components, including diterpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, cinnamic acid derivatives, and other compounds. Many pharmacological researches have exhibited that T. radix possesses various biological activities, including anti-cancer, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-ulcer, and anti-oxidant activities. Furthermore, the quality markers of T. radix were summarized and analyzed in this paper. CONCLUSION The traditional use, botany, phytochemistry, bioactivity, and quality markers of T. radix were reviewed in this paper. It will not only provide an important clue for further studying T. radix, but also supply an important theoretical basis and a valuable reference for in-depth research and exploitations of this plant in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Jia
- Department of Medical Nursing, Jiyuan Vocational and Technical College, Jiyuan, 459000, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogen Ma
- Department of Medical Nursing, Jiyuan Vocational and Technical College, Jiyuan, 459000, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiyuan Shi People's Hospital, Jiyuan, 454650, Henan, P.R. China
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Xu DF, Su PW, Wang C, Miao L, Zhang JS, Zhang H. Isolation, Structure Characterization, Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives from Tinospora sagittata. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200942. [PMID: 36346849 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen cinnamic acid derivatives (1-13), including six formerly unreported hybrids incorporating different short-chain fatty acid esters (1-6), have been obtained and structurally elucidated from an ethnological herb Tinospora sagittata. The structures of them have been established by spectroscopic data analyses and NMR comparison with known analogs, while those of 1, 2, 4 and 6 have been further supported by total synthesis, and it is the first report of this type of metabolites from the title species. All the isolates have been assessed in an array of bioassays encompassing cytotoxic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, as well as α-glucosidase and HDAC1 inhibitory models. Compound 7 showed significant inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, and half of the isolates also displayed moderate antiradical effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Feng Xu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Pei-Wen Su
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Lei Miao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
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Zhang JS, Xu DF, Wang YY, Ma RF, Zhang H. Clerodane furanoditerpenoids from the stems of Tinospora sinensis. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:328-339. [PMID: 35478401 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
One new clerodane-type furanoditerpenoid tinosinoid A (1) and nine new nor-clerodane analogs tinosinoids B-J (2-10) have been isolated from the stems of Tinospora sinensis. The structures of the new compounds with absolute configurations have been elucidated by spectroscopic means, including MS, NMR and ECD techniques, as well as chemical correlation. Compound 1 is a rare sulfur-containing clerodane diterpenoid incorporating a 2-mercaptoethanol unit via a thioether bond, while compounds 4/5 and 9 represent two pairs of unusual equilibrium regioisomers through an interesting intramolecular transesterification. Our bioassays established that 1 and 8 displayed moderate antiproliferative effects against two human tumor cell lines, and 9 and 10 showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. A kinetics study revealed that compound 10 was a noncompetitive α-glucosidase inhibitor, and its possible binding mode to the enzyme was further probed by molecular docking experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Sheng Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - De-Feng Xu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Yin-Yin Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Ren-Fen Ma
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
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Xu DF, Miao L, Wang YY, Zhang JS, Zhang H. Chemical constituents from Tinospora sagittata and their biological activities. Fitoterapia 2021; 153:104963. [PMID: 34129922 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Six undescribed low-polarity compounds including three rare 14-methylergostane steroids (1-3), one euphane triterpenoid (4) and two octadecanoic acid ethyl esters (5 and 6), along with ten previously reported terpenyl cometabolites (7-16), were isolated from the stems of Tinospora sagittata. Their structures were determined by detailed spectroscopic analyses and comparison with structurally related known compounds, and all of them have been reported from T. sagittata for the first time. Compounds 4-6 and 16 showed potent in vitro inhibitory activity against the diabetes target α-glucosidase, while compounds 10 and 14 displayed promising antibacterial effect toward Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Feng Xu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Lei Miao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yin-Yin Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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Quan NV, Tran HD, Xuan TD, Ahmad A, Dat TD, Khanh TD, Teschke R. Momilactones A and B Are α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030482. [PMID: 30700006 PMCID: PMC6385104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Momilactones A (MA) and B (MB) are the active phytoalexins and allelochemicals in rice. In this study, MA and MB were purified from rice husk of Oryza sativa cv. Koshihikari by column chromatography, and purification was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS), and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. By in vitro assays, both MA and MB exerted potent inhibition on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. The inhibitory effect of MB on these two key enzymes was greater than that of MA. Both MA and MB exerted greater α-glucosidase suppression as compared to that of the commercial diabetic inhibitor acarbose. Quantities of MA and MB in rice grain were 2.07 ± 0.01 and 1.06 ± 0.01 µg/dry weight (DW), respectively. This study was the first to confirm the presence of MA and MB in refined rice grain and reported the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the two compounds. The improved protocol of LC-ESI-MS in this research was simple and effective to detect and isolate MA and MB in rice organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Van Quan
- Division of Development Technology, Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation (IDEC), Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Hoang-Dung Tran
- Department of Biotechnology, NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298A-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 72820, Vietnam.
| | - Tran Dang Xuan
- Division of Development Technology, Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation (IDEC), Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Ateeque Ahmad
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Process Chemistry and Technology Department, Lucknow 226016, India.
| | - Tran Dang Dat
- Khai Xuan International Co., Ltd., 22, 9/53/8 Quan Hoa, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 123000, Vietnam.
| | - Tran Dang Khanh
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong Street, Hanoi 122000, Vietnam.
- Center for Expert, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam.
| | - Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, 63450 Hanau, Germany.
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