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Mu Q, Tian W, Zhang J, Li R, Ji Y. Nanocrystalline Porous Materials for Chiral Separation: Synthesis, Mechanisms, and Applications. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7864-7879. [PMID: 38320090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Qixuan Mu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wanting Tian
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruijun Li
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yibing Ji
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
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2
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Gong YN, Ma QY, Wang Y, Zhang JH, Zhang YP, Liang RX, Wang BJ, Xie SM, Yuan LM. Preparation of Chiral Porous Organic Cage Clicked Chiral Stationary Phase for HPLC Enantioseparation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073235. [PMID: 37049997 PMCID: PMC10096354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous organic cages (POCs) are a new subclass of porous materials, which are constructed from discrete cage molecules with permanent cavities via weak intermolecular forces. In this study, a novel chiral stationary phase (CSP) has been prepared by chemically binding a [4 + 6]-type chiral POC (C120H96N12O4) with thiol-functionalized silica gel using a thiol-ene click reaction and applied to HPLC separations. The column packed with this CSP presented good separation capability for chiral compounds and positional isomers. Thirteen racemates have been enantioseparated on this column, including alcohols, diols, ketones, amines, epoxides, and organic acids. Upon comparison with a previously reported chiral POC NC1-R-based column, commercial Chiralpak AD-H, and Chiralcel OD-H columns, this column is complementary to these three columns in terms of its enantiomeric separation; and can also separate some racemic compounds that cannot be separated by the three columns. In addition, eight positional isomers (iodoaniline, bromoaniline, chloroaniline, dibromobenzene, dichlorobenzene, toluidine, nitrobromobenzene, and nitroaniline) have also been separated. The influences of the injection weight and column temperature on separation have been explored. After the column has undergone multiple injections, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) for the retention time and selectivity were below 1.0 and 1.5%, respectively, indicating the good reproducibility and stability of the column for separation. This work demonstrates that POCs are promising materials for HPLC separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qi-Yu Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - You-Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rui-Xue Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
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3
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Wang L, Han S, Yu H, Yu Q, Pei D, Lv W, Wang J, Li X, Ding R, Wang Q, Lv M. Porous Organic Cage-Embedded C10-Modified Silica as HPLC Stationary Phase and Its Multiple Separation Functions. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248895. [PMID: 36558026 PMCID: PMC9782137 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reduced imine cage (RCC3) was covalently bonded to the surface of silica spheres, and then the secondary amine group of the molecular cage was embedded in non-polar C10 for modification to prepare a novel RCC3-C10@silica HPLC stationary phase with multiple separation functions. Through infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and nitrogen adsorption-desorption characterization, it was confirmed that RCC3-C10 was successfully bonded to the surface of silica spheres. The resolution of RCC3-C10@silica in reversed-phase separation mode is as high as 2.95, 3.73, 3.27 and 4.09 for p-phenethyl alcohol, 1-phenyl-2-propanol, p-methylphenethyl alcohol and 1-phenyl-1-propanol, indicating that the stationary phase has excellent chiral resolution performance. In reversed-phase and hydrophilic separation modes, RCC3-C10@silica realized the separation and analysis of a total of 70 compounds in 8 classes of Tanaka mixtures, alkylbenzene rings, polyphenyl rings, phenols, anilines, sulfonamides, nucleosides and flavonoids, and the analysis of a variety of chiral and achiral complex mixtures have been completed at the same time. Compared with the traditional C18 commercial column, RCC3-C10@silica exhibits better chromatographic separation selectivity, aromatic selectivity and polar selectivity. The multifunctional separation mechanism exhibited by the stationary phase originates from various synergistic effects such as hydrophobic interaction, π-π interaction, hydrogen bonding and steric interaction provided by RCC3 and C10 groups. This work provides flexible selectivity and application prospects for novel multi-separation functional chromatographic columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Siqi Han
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Qinghua Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Dong Pei
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry & New Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Wenjing Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Jiasheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Ruifang Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (Q.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Qibao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (Q.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Mei Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (Q.W.); (M.L.)
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4
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Ramakrishna E, Tang JD, Tao JJ, Fang Q, Zhang Z, Huang J, Li S. Self-assembly of chiral BINOL cages via imine condensation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9088-9091. [PMID: 34498622 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01507a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Condensation of an (S)- or (R)-BINOL-derived dialdehyde and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine produced chiral [2+3] imine cages, which were further reduced to furnish more stable chiral amine cages and applied in the enantioselective recognition of (1R,2R)- and (1S,2S)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ramakrishna
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jia-Dong Tang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Jia-Ju Tao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Qiang Fang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China. .,College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Zibin Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Jianying Huang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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6
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Xie SM, Chen XX, Zhang JH, Yuan LM. Gas chromatographic separation of enantiomers on novel chiral stationary phases. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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7
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Zhang J, Xie S, Zi M, Yuan L. Recent advances of application of porous molecular cages for enantioselective recognition and separation. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:134-149. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun‐Hui Zhang
- Department of ChemistryYunnan Normal University Kunming P. R. China
| | - Sheng‐Ming Xie
- Department of ChemistryYunnan Normal University Kunming P. R. China
| | - Min Zi
- Department of ChemistryYunnan Normal University Kunming P. R. China
| | - Li‐Ming Yuan
- Department of ChemistryYunnan Normal University Kunming P. R. China
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8
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Wang BJ, Duan AH, Zhang JH, Xie SM, Cao QE, Yuan LM. An Enantioselective Potentiometric Sensor for 2-Amino-1-Butanol Based on Chiral Porous Organic Cage CC3-R. Molecules 2019; 24:E420. [PMID: 30682770 PMCID: PMC6384868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous organic cages (POCs) have attracted extensive attention due to their unique structures and tremendous application potential in numerous areas. In this study, an enantioselective potentiometric sensor composed of a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane electrode modified with CC3-R POC material was used for the recognition of enantiomers of 2-amino-1-butanol. After optimisation, the developed sensor exhibited enantioselectivity toward S-2-amino-1-butanol ( log K S , R P o t = -0.98) with acceptable sensitivity, and a near-Nernstian response of 25.8 ± 0.3 mV/decade within a pH range of 6.0⁻9.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Ai-Hong Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Qiu-E Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China.
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Zhang J, Chen J, Peng S, Peng S, Zhang Z, Tong Y, Miller PW, Yan XP. Emerging porous materials in confined spaces: from chromatographic applications to flow chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2566-2595. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00657a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Porous materials confined within capillary columns/microfluidic devices are discussed, and progress in chromatographic and membrane separations and catalysis is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Junxing Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Sheng Peng
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Shuyin Peng
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Zizhe Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Yexiang Tong
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | | | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
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Abstract
The resolution of chiral compounds into optically pure enantiomers is very important in various fields, such as pharmaceutical, chemical, agricultural, and food industries. Chiral gas chromatography (GC) is one of the efficient methods for enantioseparations of volatile compounds. In recent years, porous materials as stationary phases for chromatographic separations have achieved increasing attention. Porous organic cages (POCs) represent an emerging class of porous materials, which are assembled by discrete organic molecules with shape-persistent and permanent cavities through weak intermolecular forces. This chapter describes several chiral POCs as chiral stationary phases for GC enantioseparations of racemic compounds.
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11
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Xie SM, Yuan LM. Recent development trends for chiral stationary phases based on chitosan derivatives, cyclofructan derivatives and chiral porous materials in high performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:6-20. [PMID: 30152091 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The separation of enantiomers by chromatographic methods, such as gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography, has become an increasingly significant challenge over the past few decades due to the demand of pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and food analysis. Among these chromatographic resolution methods, high-performance liquid chromatography based on chiral stationary phases has become the most popular and effective method used for the analytical and preparative separation of optically active compounds. This review mainly focuses on the recent development trends for novel chiral stationary phases based on chitosan derivatives, cyclofructan derivatives, and chiral porous materials that include metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks in high-performance liquid chromatography. The enantioseparation performance and chiral recognition mechanisms of these newly developed chiral selectors toward enantiomers are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
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12
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Xie SM, Fu N, Li L, Yuan BY, Zhang JH, Li YX, Yuan LM. Homochiral Metal–Organic Cage for Gas Chromatographic Separations. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9182-9188. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bao-Yan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xia Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang JH, Xie SM, Wang BJ, He PG, Yuan LM. A homochiral porous organic cage with large cavity and pore windows for the efficient gas chromatography separation of enantiomers and positional isomers. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1385-1394. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming P.R. China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming P.R. China
| | - Pin-Gang He
- Department of Chemistry; East China Normal University; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming P.R. China
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Zhang JH, Zhu PJ, Xie SM, Zi M, Yuan LM. Homochiral porous organic cage used as stationary phase for open tubular capillary electrochromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 999:169-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Duan AH, Wang BJ, Xie SM, Zhang JH, Yuan LM. A chiral, porous, organic cage-based, enantioselective potentiometric sensor for 2-aminobutanol. Chirality 2017; 29:172-177. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hong Duan
- Department of Chemistry; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming People's Republic of China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming People's Republic of China
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