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Spadin FS, Gergely LP, Kämpfer T, Frenz M, Vermathen M. Fluorescence lifetime imaging and phasor analysis of intracellular porphyrinic photosensitizers applied with different polymeric formulations. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 254:112904. [PMID: 38579534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The fluorescence lifetime of a porphyrinic photosensitizer (PS) is an important parameter to assess the aggregation state of the PS even in complex biological environments. Aggregation-induced quenching of the PS can significantly reduce the yield of singlet oxygen generation and thus its efficiency as a medical drug in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of diseased tissues. Hydrophobicity and the tendency to form aggregates pose challenges on the development of efficient PSs and often require carrier systems. A systematic study was performed to probe the impact of PS structure and encapsulation into polymeric carriers on the fluorescence lifetime in solution and in the intracellular environment. Five different porphyrinic PSs including chlorin e6 (Ce6) derivatives and tetrakis(m-hydroxyphenyl)-porphyrin and -chlorin were studied in free form and combined with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or micelles composed of triblock-copolymers or Cremophor. Following incubation of HeLa cells with these systems, fluorescence lifetime imaging combined with phasor analysis and image segmentation was applied to study the lifetime distribution in the intracellular surrounding. The data suggest that for free PSs, the structure-dependent cell uptake pathways determine their state and emission lifetimes. PS localization in the plasma membrane yielded mostly monomers with long fluorescence lifetimes whereas the endocytic pathway with subsequent lysosomal deposition adds a short-lived component for hydrophilic anionic PSs. Prolonged incubation times led to increasing contributions from short-lived components that derive from aggregates mainly localized in the cytoplasm. Encapsulation of PSs into polymeric carriers led to monomerization and mostly fluorescence emission decays with long fluorescence lifetimes in solution. However, the efficiency depended on the binding strength that was most pronounced for PVP. In the cellular environment, PVP was able to maintain monomeric long-lived species over prolonged incubation times. This was most pronounced for Ce6 derivatives with a logP value around 4.5. Micellar encapsulation led to faster release of the PSs resulting in multiple components with long and short fluorescence lifetimes. The hydrophilic hardly aggregating PS exhibited a mostly stable invariant lifetime distribution over time with both carriers. The presented data are expected to contribute to optimized PDT treatment protocols and improved PS-carrier design for preventing intracellular fluorescence quenching. In conclusion, amphiphilic and concurrent hydrophobic PSs with high membrane affinity as well as strong binding to the carrier have best prospects to maintain their photophysical properties in vivo and serve thus as efficient photodynamic diagnosis and PDT drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentin S Spadin
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lea P Gergely
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kämpfer
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Frenz
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Martina Vermathen
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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de Oliveira MA, Pound-Lana G, Capelari-Oliveira P, Pontífice TG, Silva SED, Machado MGC, Postacchini BB, Mosqueira VCF. Release, transfer and partition of fluorescent dyes from polymeric nanocarriers to serum proteins monitored by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1641:461959. [PMID: 33611111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes are used in drug nanocarrier pre-clinical studies or as active compounds in theranostics and photodynamic therapy. In the biological medium, nanoparticles interact with proteins, which can result in the off-target release of their cargo. The present study used asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation with online multi-angle laser light scattering and fluorescence detection (AF4-MALLS-FLD) to study the release, transfer, and partition of fluorescent dyes from polymeric nanoparticles (NP). NP formulations containing the dyes Rose Bengal, Rhodamine B, DiI, 3-(α-azidoacetyl)coumarin and its polymer conjugate, Nile Red, and IR780 and its polymer conjugate were prepared. NP suspensions were incubated in a medium with serum proteins and then analyzed by AF4. AF4 allowed efficient separation of proteins (< 10 nm) from fluorescently labeled NP (range of 54 - 180 nm in diameters). The AF4 analyses showed that some dyes, such as Rose Bengal, IR780, and Coumarin were transferred to a high extent (68-77%) from NP to proteins. By contrast, for DiI and dye-polymer conjugates, transfer occured to a lower extent. The studies of dye release kinetics showed that the transfer of IR780 from NP to proteins occurs at a high extent (~50%) and rate, while Nile Red was slowly released from the NP over time with reduced association with proteins (~20%). This experiment assesses the stability of fluorescence labeling of nanocarriers and probes the transfer of fluorescent dyes from NP to proteins, which is otherwise not accessible with commonly used techniques of separation, such as dialysis and ultrafiltration/centrifugation employed in drug encapsulation and release studies of nanocarriers. Determining the interaction and transfer of dyes to proteins is of utmost importance in the pre-clinical evaluation of drug nanocarriers for improved correlation between in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alice de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Nanobiotechnology (LDGNano), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gwenaelle Pound-Lana
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Nanobiotechnology (LDGNano), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patricia Capelari-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Nanobiotechnology (LDGNano), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaís Godinho Pontífice
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Nanobiotechnology (LDGNano), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Emanuelle Dias Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Nanobiotechnology (LDGNano), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marina Guimarães Carvalho Machado
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Nanobiotechnology (LDGNano), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bueno Postacchini
- Photophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Carla Furtado Mosqueira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Nanobiotechnology (LDGNano), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Gibot L, Demazeau M, Pimienta V, Mingotaud AF, Vicendo P, Collin F, Martins-Froment N, Dejean S, Nottelet B, Roux C, Lonetti B. Role of Polymer Micelles in the Delivery of Photodynamic Therapy Agent to Liposomes and Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E384. [PMID: 32046147 PMCID: PMC7072360 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanocarriers for hydrophobic photosensitizers, in the context of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to improve pharmacokinetics and bio-distribution, is well-established. However, the mechanisms at play in the internalization of nanocarriers are not well-elucidated, despite its importance in nanocarrier design. In this study, we focus on the mechanisms involved in copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(-caprolactone) PEO-PCL and poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly styrene PEO-PS micelles - membrane interactions through complementary physico-chemical studies on biomimetic membranes, and biological experiments on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures. Förster Resonance Energy Transfer measurements on fluorescently-labelled lipid vesicles, and flow cytometry on two cancerous cell lines enabled the evaluation in the uptake of a photosensitizer, Pheophorbide a (Pheo), and copolymer chains towards model membranes, and cells, respectively. The effects of calibrated light illumination for PDT treatment on lipid vesicle membranes, i.e., leakage and formation of oxidized lipids, and cell viability, were assessed. No significant differences were observed between the ability of PEO-PCL and PEO-PS micelles in delivering Pheo to model membranes, but Pheo was found in higher concentrations in cells in the case of PEO-PCL. These higher Pheo concentrations did not correspond to better performances in PDT treatment. We demonstrated that there are subtle differences in PEO-PCL and PEO-PS micelles for the delivery of Pheo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Gibot
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (L.G.); (M.D.); (V.P.); (A.-F.M.); (P.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Maxime Demazeau
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (L.G.); (M.D.); (V.P.); (A.-F.M.); (P.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Véronique Pimienta
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (L.G.); (M.D.); (V.P.); (A.-F.M.); (P.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Anne-Françoise Mingotaud
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (L.G.); (M.D.); (V.P.); (A.-F.M.); (P.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Patricia Vicendo
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (L.G.); (M.D.); (V.P.); (A.-F.M.); (P.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabrice Collin
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (L.G.); (M.D.); (V.P.); (A.-F.M.); (P.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Nathalie Martins-Froment
- Service Commun de Spectrométrie de Masse (FR2599), Université de Toulouse III (Paul Sabatier), 118, route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France;
| | - Stéphane Dejean
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34 090 Montpellier, France; (S.D.); (B.N.)
| | - Benjamin Nottelet
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34 090 Montpellier, France; (S.D.); (B.N.)
| | - Clément Roux
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (L.G.); (M.D.); (V.P.); (A.-F.M.); (P.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Barbara Lonetti
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (L.G.); (M.D.); (V.P.); (A.-F.M.); (P.V.); (F.C.)
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Demazeau M, Gibot L, Mingotaud AF, Vicendo P, Roux C, Lonetti B. Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:180-212. [PMID: 32082960 PMCID: PMC7006492 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a technique already used in ophthalmology or oncology. It is based on the local production of reactive oxygen species through an energy transfer from an excited photosensitizer to oxygen present in the biological tissue. This review first presents an update, mainly covering the last five years, regarding the block copolymers used as nanovectors for the delivery of the photosensitizer. In particular, we describe the chemical nature and structure of the block copolymers showing a very large range of existing systems, spanning from natural polymers such as proteins or polysaccharides to synthetic ones such as polyesters or polyacrylates. A second part focuses on important parameters for their design and the improvement of their efficiency. Finally, particular attention has been paid to the question of nanocarrier internalization and interaction with membranes (both biomimetic and cellular), and the importance of intracellular targeting has been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Demazeau
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Gibot
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Mingotaud
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Vicendo
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Clément Roux
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Barbara Lonetti
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
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Drug Delivery with Polymeric Nanocarriers-Cellular Uptake Mechanisms. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13020366. [PMID: 31941006 PMCID: PMC7013754 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanocarrier-based systems hold a promise to become “Dr. Ehrlich’s Magic Bullet” capable of delivering drugs, proteins and genetic materials intact to a specific location in an organism down to subcellular level. The key question, however, how a nanocarrier is internalized by cells and how its intracellular trafficking and the fate in the cell can be controlled remains yet to be answered. In this review we survey drug delivery systems based on various polymeric nanocarriers, their uptake mechanisms, as well as the experimental techniques and common pathway inhibitors applied for internalization studies. While energy-dependent endocytosis is observed as the main uptake pathway, the integrity of a drug-loaded nanocarrier upon its internalization appears to be a seldomly addressed problem that can drastically affect the uptake kinetics and toxicity of the system in vitro and in vivo.
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Figarol A, Gibot L, Golzio M, Lonetti B, Mingotaud AF, Rols MP. A journey from the endothelium to the tumor tissue: distinct behavior between PEO-PCL micelles and polymersomes nanocarriers. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:1766-1778. [PMID: 30311803 PMCID: PMC6197035 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1510064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric nanocarriers must overcome several biological barriers to reach the vicinity of solid tumors and deliver their encapsulated drug. This study assessed the in vitro and in vivo passage through the blood vessel wall to tumors of two well-characterized polymeric nanocarriers: poly(ethyleneglycol-b-ε-caprolactone) micelles and polymersomes charged with a fluorescent membrane dye (DiO: 3,3'-dioctadecyloxacarbo-cyanine perchlorate). The internalization and translocation from endothelial (human primary endothelial cells HUVEC) to cancer cells (human tumor cell line HCT-116) was studied in conventional 2D monolayers, 3D tumor spheroids, or in an endothelium model based on transwell assay. Micelles induced a faster DiO internalization compared to polymersomes but the latter crossed the endothelial monolayer more easily. Both translocation rates were enhanced by the addition of a pro-inflammatory factor or in the presence of tumor cells. These results were confirmed by early in vivo experiments. Overall, this study pointed out the room for the improvement of polymeric nanocarriers design to avoid drug losses when crossing the blood vessel walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Figarol
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse CNRS UMR, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Gibot
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Golzio
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Barbara Lonetti
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse CNRS UMR, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Marie-Pierre Rols
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Öztürk T, Kılıçlıoğlu A, Savaş B, Hazer B. Synthesis and characterization of poly(ɛ-caprolactone-co-ethylene glycol) star-type amphiphilic copolymers by “click” chemistry and ring-opening polymerization. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2018.1481344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Temel Öztürk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Ali Kılıçlıoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | | | - Baki Hazer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
- Department of Aircraft Airframe Engine Maintenance, Kapadokya University, Ürgüp, Turkey
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Öztürk T, Meyvacı E. Synthesis and characterization poly(ϵ-caprolactone-b-ethylene glycol-b-ϵ-caprolactone) ABA type block copolymers via “Click” chemistry and ring-opening polymerization. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2017.1309251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Temel Öztürk
- Giresun University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Ergül Meyvacı
- Giresun University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Giresun, Turkey
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