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Li Y, Bi S, Guan W, Iddrisu L, Wei S, Chen Y, Sun L, Deng Q, Jiang Y, Fang Z, Gooneratne R. Antibiotic susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from prawns and oysters marketed in Zhanjiang, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 206:116712. [PMID: 39018820 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from prawns and oysters marketed in Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China. 84 strains of V. parahaemolyticus were isolated from prawns and oysters sampled from 9 major markets. The results showed that 84 V. parahaemolyticus strains had the highest rate of antibiotic resistance to oxytetracycline (69.05 %, 58/84) and the lowest rate of antibiotic resistance to enrofloxacin (1.19 %, 1/84), ciprofloxacin (4.76 %, 4/84) and norfloxacin (7.14 %, 6/84) in quinolone. Meanwhile, 96.42 % of the strains showed multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR). PCR results showed that the resistance phenotype was closely related to the antibiotic resistance genes and efflux pump genes (p < 0.01), and the efflux pump gene was the key causing MAR. The combination of antibiotics significantly eliminated multidrug resistance. In addition, efflux pump inhibitors also reduce MAR. This study may provide information on antibiotic susceptibility, antibiotic resistance and strategies for the control of V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology, Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Siyuan Bi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology, Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Shenzhen Jinyue Test Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 510100, China
| | - Wenhao Guan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology, Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Lukman Iddrisu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology, Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shuai Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology, Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yinyan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology, Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology, Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Qi Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology, Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yongqing Jiang
- Shenzhen Jinyue Test Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 510100, China; Shenzhen Lvshiyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 510100, China
| | - Zhijia Fang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology, Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Canterbury 7647, New Zealand.
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2
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Zhang T, Nickerson R, Zhang W, Peng X, Shang Y, Zhou Y, Luo Q, Wen G, Cheng Z. The impacts of animal agriculture on One Health-Bacterial zoonosis, antimicrobial resistance, and beyond. One Health 2024; 18:100748. [PMID: 38774301 PMCID: PMC11107239 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The industrialization of animal agriculture has undoubtedly contributed to the improvement of human well-being by increasing the efficiency of food animal production. At the same time, it has also drastically impacted the natural environment and human society. The One Health initiative emphasizes the interdependency of the health of ecosystems, animals, and humans. In this paper, we discuss some of the most profound consequences of animal agriculture practices from a One Health perspective. More specifically, we focus on impacts to host-microbe interactions by elaborating on how modern animal agriculture affects zoonotic infections, specifically those of bacterial origin, and the concomitant emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A key question underlying these deeply interconnected issues is how to better prevent, monitor, and manage infections in animal agriculture. To address this, we outline approaches to mitigate the impacts of agricultural bacterial zoonoses and AMR, including the development of novel treatments as well as non-drug approaches comprising integrated surveillance programs and policy and education regarding agricultural practices and antimicrobial stewardship. Finally, we touch upon additional major environmental and health factors impacted by animal agriculture within the One Health context, including animal welfare, food security, food safety, and climate change. Charting how these issues are interwoven to comprise the complex web of animal agriculture's broad impacts on One Health will allow for the development of concerted, multidisciplinary interventions which are truly necessary to tackle these issues from a One Health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Rhea Nickerson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Xitian Peng
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Quality and Safe Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Wuhan), Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Shang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Youxiang Zhou
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Quality and Safe Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Wuhan), Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China
| | - Qingping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Guoyuan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Zhenyu Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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3
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Duffey M, Jumde RP, da Costa RM, Ropponen HK, Blasco B, Piddock LJ. Extending the Potency and Lifespan of Antibiotics: Inhibitors of Gram-Negative Bacterial Efflux Pumps. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1458-1482. [PMID: 38661541 PMCID: PMC11091901 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Efflux is a natural process found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that removes a diverse range of substrates from inside to outside. Many antibiotics are substrates of bacterial efflux pumps, and modifications to the structure or overexpression of efflux pumps are an important resistance mechanism utilized by many multidrug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, chemical inhibition of bacterial efflux to revitalize existing antibiotics has been considered a promising approach for antimicrobial chemotherapy over two decades, and various strategies have been employed. In this review, we provide an overview of bacterial multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux pumps, of which the resistance nodulation division (RND) efflux pumps are considered the most clinically relevant in Gram-negative bacteria, and describe over 50 efflux inhibitors that target such systems. Although numerous efflux inhibitors have been identified to date, none have progressed into clinical use because of formulation, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic issues or a narrow spectrum of inhibition. For these reasons, the development of efflux inhibitors has been considered a difficult and complex area of research, and few active preclinical studies on efflux inhibitors are in progress. However, recently developed tools, including but not limited to computational tools including molecular docking models, offer hope that further research on efflux inhibitors can be a platform for research and development of new bacterial efflux inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Duffey
- Global
Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP), Chemin Camille-Vidart 15, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ravindra P. Jumde
- Global
Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP), Chemin Camille-Vidart 15, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Renata M.A. da Costa
- Global
Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP), Chemin Camille-Vidart 15, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Henni-Karoliina Ropponen
- Global
Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP), Chemin Camille-Vidart 15, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Blasco
- Global
Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP), Chemin Camille-Vidart 15, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura J.V. Piddock
- Global
Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP), Chemin Camille-Vidart 15, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Wu W, Huang J, Xu Z. Antibiotic influx and efflux in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Regulation and therapeutic implications. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14487. [PMID: 38801351 PMCID: PMC11129675 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a notorious multidrug-resistant pathogen that poses a serious and growing threat to the worldwide public health. The expression of resistance determinants is exquisitely modulated by the abundant regulatory proteins and the intricate signal sensing and transduction systems in this pathogen. Downregulation of antibiotic influx porin proteins and upregulation of antibiotic efflux pump systems owing to mutational changes in their regulators or the presence of distinct inducing molecular signals represent two of the most efficient mechanisms that restrict intracellular antibiotic accumulation and enable P. aeruginosa to resist multiple antibiotics. Treatment of P. aeruginosa infections is extremely challenging due to the highly inducible mechanism of antibiotic resistance. This review comprehensively summarizes the regulatory networks of the major porin proteins (OprD and OprH) and efflux pumps (MexAB-OprM, MexCD-OprJ, MexEF-OprN, and MexXY) that play critical roles in antibiotic influx and efflux in P. aeruginosa. It also discusses promising therapeutic approaches using safe and efficient adjuvants to enhance the efficacy of conventional antibiotics to combat multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa by controlling the expression levels of porins and efflux pumps. This review not only highlights the complexity of the regulatory network that induces antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa but also provides important therapeutic implications in targeting the inducible mechanism of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zeling Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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5
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Soundhararajan R, Srinivasan H. Multidrug-resistant Bacillus species isolated from hospital soil environment is controlled by nanobiotics incorporated nanoformulation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118122. [PMID: 38199471 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is a serious hazard to the environment, it claims a large number of lives every year. Lack of drug options and easy transmission of these organisms remain the biggest threat in treating the relative infections whose causative systems have evolved and become stronger in due course of time. Hospitals serve as one of the largest breeding grounds for harbouring these organisms. This study aims to isolate and characterize multidrug-resistant microorganisms from soil samples collected from hospital waste dumping premises. Polyherbal nanoformulation was synthesized from ethno-medicinal source Triphala (three berries) and characterized using various physico-chemical characterization techniques. The antibacterial efficacy of the polyherbal nanoformulation was evaluated by employing various assays to determine MIC, MBC, and biofilm inhibition potential in isolated strains. Bacterial colonies were isolated and the DNA was sequenced. The isolated organisms were identified as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus pumilus and they were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility by using various antibiotics. It was found that all the microorganisms were multidrug-resistant and possessed resistance to various classes of antibiotics. The various antibacterial assays showed that the polyherbal nanoformulation was highly effective in controlling growth and biofilm formation even at lower concentrations when compared with commercial antibiotics. The novelty of this research work lies in combining the beneficial effects of silver and polyherbal drugs into a single Polyherbal nanoformulation. This is the first novel report to utilize polyherbal nanoformulation to control the multidrug-resistant microorganisms thriving in hospital waste dumping sites. Hence, this nanobiotics incorporated polyherbal nanoformulation can be developed into a commercial product to treat the hospital waste material before dumping it into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjani Soundhararajan
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Hemalatha Srinivasan
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India.
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6
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Zhang L, Tian X, Sun L, Mi K, Wang R, Gong F, Huang L. Bacterial Efflux Pump Inhibitors Reduce Antibiotic Resistance. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:170. [PMID: 38399231 PMCID: PMC10892612 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance is a growing problem worldwide, and the number of deaths due to drug resistance is increasing every year. We must pay great attention to bacterial resistance. Otherwise, we may go back to the pre-antibiotic era and have no drugs on which to rely. Bacterial resistance is the result of several causes, with efflux mechanisms widely recognised as a significant factor in the development of resistance to a variety of chemotherapeutic and antimicrobial medications. Efflux pump inhibitors, small molecules capable of restoring the effectiveness of existing antibiotics, are considered potential solutions to antibiotic resistance and have been an active area of research in recent years. This article provides a review of the efflux mechanisms of common clinical pathogenic bacteria and their efflux pump inhibitors and describes the effects of efflux pump inhibitors on biofilm formation, bacterial virulence, the formation of bacterial persister cells, the transfer of drug resistance among bacteria, and mismatch repair. Numerous efforts have been made in the past 20 years to find novel efflux pump inhibitors which are known to increase the effectiveness of medicines against multidrug-resistant strains. Therefore, the application of efflux pump inhibitors has excellent potential to address and reduce bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (X.T.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (R.W.); (F.G.)
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (X.T.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (R.W.); (F.G.)
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (X.T.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (R.W.); (F.G.)
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kun Mi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (X.T.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (R.W.); (F.G.)
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ru Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (X.T.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (R.W.); (F.G.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (X.T.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (R.W.); (F.G.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (X.T.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (R.W.); (F.G.)
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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7
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Pisoni LA, Semple SJ, Liu S, Sykes MJ, Venter H. Combined Structure- and Ligand-Based Approach for the Identification of Inhibitors of AcrAB-TolC in Escherichia coli. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2504-2522. [PMID: 37888944 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of efflux pumps is a promising approach to combating multidrug-resistant bacteria. We have developed a combined structure- and ligand-based model, using OpenEye software, for the identification of inhibitors of AcrB, the inner membrane protein component of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump in Escherichia coli. From a database of 1391 FDA-approved drugs, 23 compounds were selected to test for efflux inhibition in E. coli. Seven compounds, including ivacaftor (25), butenafine (19), naftifine (27), pimozide (30), thioridazine (35), trifluoperazine (37), and meloxicam (26), enhanced the activity of at least one antimicrobial substrate and inhibited the efflux pump-mediated removal of the substrate Nile Red from cells. Ivacaftor (25) inhibited efflux dose dependently, had no effect on an E. coli strain with genomic deletion of the gene encoding AcrB, and did not damage the bacterial outer membrane. In the presence of a sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the outer membrane permeabilizer colistin, ivacaftor at 1 μg/mL reduced the MICs of erythromycin and minocycline by 4- to 8-fold. The identification of seven potential AcrB inhibitors shows the merits of a combined structure- and ligand-based approach to virtual screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily A Pisoni
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Susan J Semple
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Sida Liu
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sykes
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Henrietta Venter
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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8
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Abu Ghazal T, Veres K, Vidács L, Szemerédi N, Spengler G, Berkecz R, Hohmann J. Furanonaphthoquinones, Diterpenes, and Flavonoids from Sweet Marjoram and Investigation of Antimicrobial, Bacterial Efflux, and Biofilm Formation Inhibitory Activities. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:34816-34825. [PMID: 37780020 PMCID: PMC10536869 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The chloroform extract of Origanum majorana exhibited high antibacterial and antifungal activities against 12 bacterial and 4 fungal strains; therefore, it was subjected to bioassay-guided isolation to afford six compounds (1-6). The structures were determined via one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic spectroscopy and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry experiments. The compounds were identified as furanonaphthoquinones [majoranaquinone (1), 2,3-dimethylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione (2)], diterpenes [19-hydroxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one (3), 13,14-seco-13-oxo-19-hydroxyabieta-8-en-14-al (4)], and flavonoids [sterubin (5) and majoranin (6)]. Compounds 1 and 2 were first obtained from a natural source and compounds 3 and 4 were previously undescribed. Majoranaquinone (1) exhibited a high antibacterial effect against 4 Staphylococcus, 1 Moraxella, and 1 Enterococcus strains (MIC values between 7.8 μM and 1 mM). In the efflux pump inhibition assay, majoranaquinone (1) showed substantial activity in Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 strain. Furthermore, 1 was found to be an effective biofilm formation inhibitor on E. coli ATCC 25922 and E. coli K-12 AG100 bacteria. Our findings proved that bioactivities of majoranaquinone (1) significantly exceed those of the essential oil constituents; therefore, it should also be considered when assessing the antimicrobial effects of O. majorana.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katalin Veres
- Institute
of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Lívia Vidács
- Institute
of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Nikoletta Szemerédi
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center
and Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center
and Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Róbert Berkecz
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of
Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Institute
of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary
Centre for Natural Products, University
of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
- ELKH-USZ
Biologically Active Natural Products Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
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9
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Zhang S, Wang J, Ahn J. Advances in the Discovery of Efflux Pump Inhibitors as Novel Potentiators to Control Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1417. [PMID: 37760714 PMCID: PMC10525980 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens in clinical settings and food-producing animals, posing significant challenges to clinical management and food control. Over the past few decades, the discovery of antimicrobials has slowed down, leading to a lack of treatment options for clinical infectious diseases and foodborne illnesses. Given the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the limited availability of effective antibiotics, the discovery of novel antibiotic potentiators may prove useful for the treatment of bacterial infections. The application of antibiotics combined with antibiotic potentiators has demonstrated successful outcomes in bench-scale experiments and clinical settings. For instance, the use of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) in combination with antibiotics showed effective inhibition of MDR pathogens. Thus, this review aims to enable the possibility of using novel EPIs as potential adjuvants to effectively control MDR pathogens. Specifically, it provides a comprehensive summary of the advances in novel EPI discovery and the underlying mechanisms that restore antimicrobial activity. In addition, we also characterize plant-derived EPIs as novel potentiators. This review provides insights into current challenges and potential strategies for future advancements in fighting antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Juhee Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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10
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Shelke YP, Bankar NJ, Bandre GR, Hawale DV, Dawande P. An Overview of Preventive Strategies and the Role of Various Organizations in Combating Antimicrobial Resistance. Cureus 2023; 15:e44666. [PMID: 37799257 PMCID: PMC10550263 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health threat due to excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics and is responsible for prolonged illness, longer hospital stays, and economic burden to society. This article aims to review the factors, role of antimicrobial stewardship, preventive strategies, and role of various organizations in combating AMR. Three major factors of AMR are inappropriate and excessive utilization of antibiotics, nonadherence to infection control measures, and the emergence of pathogens that are resistant to multiple drugs. Antimicrobial stewardship initiatives play a vital role in promoting judicious and targeted utilization of antimicrobials, thereby safeguarding their efficacy and mitigating the emergence of resistance. Implementing such programs optimizes patient outcomes by ensuring that individuals receive the most suitable therapeutic interventions. International organizations have a vital role to play in addressing AMR by promoting the responsible use of antimicrobials, developing new drugs, and improving surveillance systems. As AMR's impact grows, it is critical to take a collaborative and interdisciplinary approach to mitigate its consequences effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra P Shelke
- Microbiology, Bhaktshreshtha Kamalakarpant Laxmanrao Walawalkar Rural Medical College, Sawarda, IND
| | - Nandkishor J Bankar
- Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Gulshan R Bandre
- Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Dattu V Hawale
- Biochemistry, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Nagpur, IND
| | - Pratibha Dawande
- Pathology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Nagpur, IND
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11
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Alfei S, Schito GC, Schito AM. Synthetic Pathways to Non-Psychotropic Phytocannabinoids as Promising Molecules to Develop Novel Antibiotics: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1889. [PMID: 37514074 PMCID: PMC10384972 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the rapid emergence of multi drug resistant (MDR) pathogens against which current antibiotics are no longer functioning, severe infections are becoming practically untreatable. Consequently, the discovery of new classes of effective antimicrobial agents with novel mechanism of action is becoming increasingly urgent. The bioactivity of Cannabis sativa, an herbaceous plant used for millennia for medicinal and recreational purposes, is mainly due to its content in phytocannabinoids (PCs). Among the 180 PCs detected, cannabidiol (CBD), Δ8 and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinols (Δ8-THC and Δ9-THC), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabinol (CBN) and some of their acidic precursors have demonstrated from moderate to potent antibacterial effects against Gram-positive bacteria (MICs 0.5-8 µg/mL), including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), epidemic MRSA (EMRSA), as well as fluoroquinolone and tetracycline-resistant strains. Particularly, the non-psychotropic CBG was also capable to inhibit MRSA biofilm formation, to eradicate even mature biofilms, and to rapidly eliminate MRSA persiter cells. In this scenario, CBG, as well as other minor non-psychotropic PCs, such as CBD, and CBC could represent promising compounds for developing novel antibiotics with high therapeutic potential. Anyway, further studies are necessary, needing abundant quantities of such PCs, scarcely provided naturally by Cannabis plants. Here, after an extensive overture on cannabinoids including their reported antimicrobial effects, aiming at easing the synthetic production of the necessary amounts of CBG, CBC and CBD for further studies, we have, for the first time, systematically reviewed the synthetic pathways utilized for their synthesis, reporting both reaction schemes and experimental details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
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12
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Nchiozem-Ngnitedem VA, Sperlich E, Matieta VY, Ngnouzouba Kuete JR, Kuete V, Omer EA, Efferth T, Schmidt B. Synthesis and Bioactivity of Isoflavones from Ficus carica and Some Non-Natural Analogues. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1520-1528. [PMID: 37253120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ficucaricone D (1) and its 4'-demethyl congener 2 are isoflavones isolated from fruits of Ficus carica that share a 5,7-dimethoxy-6-prenyl-substituted A-ring. Both natural products were, for the first time, obtained by chemical synthesis in six steps, starting from 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone. Key steps are a microwave-promoted tandem sequence of Claisen- and Cope-rearrangements to install the 6-prenyl substituent and a Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling for installing the B-ring. By using various boronic acids, non-natural analogues become conveniently available. All compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant human leukemia cell lines, but were found to be inactive. The compounds were also tested for antimicrobial activities against a panel of eight Gram-negative and two Gram-positive bacterial strains. Addition of the efflux pump inhibitor phenylalanine-arginine-β-naphthylamide (PAβN) significantly improved the antibiotic activity in most cases, with MIC values as low as 2.5 μM and activity improvement factors as high as 128-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Sperlich
- Institut für Chemie, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Valaire Yemene Matieta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Ejlal A Omer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmidt
- Institut für Chemie, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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13
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Badiee SA, Isu UH, Khodadadi E, Moradi M. The Alternating Access Mechanism in Mammalian Multidrug Resistance Transporters and Their Bacterial Homologs. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:568. [PMID: 37367772 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins belonging to the ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter group play a crucial role in the export of cytotoxic drugs across cell membranes. These proteins are particularly fascinating due to their ability to confer drug resistance, which subsequently leads to the failure of therapeutic interventions and hinders successful treatments. One key mechanism by which multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins carry out their transport function is through alternating access. This mechanism involves intricate conformational changes that enable the binding and transport of substrates across cellular membranes. In this extensive review, we provide an overview of ABC transporters, including their classifications and structural similarities. We focus specifically on well-known mammalian multidrug resistance proteins such as MRP1 and Pgp (MDR1), as well as bacterial counterparts such as Sav1866 and lipid flippase MsbA. By exploring the structural and functional features of these MDR proteins, we shed light on the roles of their nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) and transmembrane domains (TMDs) in the transport process. Notably, while the structures of NBDs in prokaryotic ABC proteins, such as Sav1866, MsbA, and mammalian Pgp, are identical, MRP1 exhibits distinct characteristics in its NBDs. Our review also emphasizes the importance of two ATP molecules for the formation of an interface between the two binding sites of NBD domains across all these transporters. ATP hydrolysis occurs following substrate transport and is vital for recycling the transporters in subsequent cycles of substrate transportation. Specifically, among the studied transporters, only NBD2 in MRP1 possesses the ability to hydrolyze ATP, while both NBDs of Pgp, Sav1866, and MsbA are capable of carrying out this reaction. Furthermore, we highlight recent advancements in the study of MDR proteins and the alternating access mechanism. We discuss the experimental and computational approaches utilized to investigate the structure and dynamics of MDR proteins, providing valuable insights into their conformational changes and substrate transport. This review not only contributes to an enhanced understanding of multidrug resistance proteins but also holds immense potential for guiding future research and facilitating the development of effective strategies to overcome multidrug resistance, thus improving therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi A Badiee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Ugochi H Isu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Ehsaneh Khodadadi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Mahmoud Moradi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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14
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Kumawat M, Nabi B, Daswani M, Viquar I, Pal N, Sharma P, Tiwari S, Sarma DK, Shubham S, Kumar M. Role of bacterial efflux pump proteins in antibiotic resistance across microbial species. Microb Pathog 2023:106182. [PMID: 37263448 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Efflux proteins are transporter molecules that actively pump out a variety of substrates, including antibiotics, from cells to the environment. They are found in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and eukaryotic cells. Based on their protein sequence homology, energy source, and overall structure, efflux proteins can be divided into seven groups. Multidrug efflux pumps are transmembrane proteins produced by microbes to enhance their survival in harsh environments and contribute to antibiotic resistance. These pumps are present in all bacterial genomes studied, indicating their ancestral origins. Many bacterial genes encoding efflux pumps are involved in transport, a significant contributor to antibiotic resistance in microbes. Efflux pumps are widely implicated in the extrusion of clinically relevant antibiotics from cells to the extracellular environment and, as such, represent a significant challenge to antimicrobial therapy. This review aims to provide an overview of the structures and mechanisms of action, substrate profiles, regulation, and possible inhibition of clinically relevant efflux pumps. Additionally, recent advances in research and the pharmacological exploitation of efflux pump inhibitors as a promising intervention for combating drug resistance will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumawat
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, 462030, India
| | - Bilkees Nabi
- Department of Biochemistry & Biochemical Engineering, SHUATS, Allahabad, 211007, India
| | - Muskan Daswani
- Department of Biotechnology, SantHirdaram Girls College, Bhopal, 462030, India
| | - Iqra Viquar
- Department of Biotechnology, SantHirdaram Girls College, Bhopal, 462030, India
| | - Namrata Pal
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, 462030, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, 462030, India
| | - Shikha Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, 462030, India
| | - Devojit Kumar Sarma
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, 462030, India
| | - Swasti Shubham
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, 462030, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, 462030, India.
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15
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Breijyeh Z, Karaman R. Design and Synthesis of Novel Antimicrobial Agents. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030628. [PMID: 36978495 PMCID: PMC10045396 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The necessity for the discovery of innovative antimicrobials to treat life-threatening diseases has increased as multidrug-resistant bacteria has spread. Due to antibiotics' availability over the counter in many nations, antibiotic resistance is linked to overuse, abuse, and misuse of these drugs. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized 12 families of bacteria that present the greatest harm to human health, where options of antibiotic therapy are extremely limited. Therefore, this paper reviews possible new ways for the development of novel classes of antibiotics for which there is no pre-existing resistance in human bacterial pathogens. By utilizing research and technology such as nanotechnology and computational methods (such as in silico and Fragment-based drug design (FBDD)), there has been an improvement in antimicrobial actions and selectivity with target sites. Moreover, there are antibiotic alternatives, such as antimicrobial peptides, essential oils, anti-Quorum sensing agents, darobactins, vitamin B6, bacteriophages, odilorhabdins, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, and cannabinoids. Additionally, drug repurposing (such as with ticagrelor, mitomycin C, auranofin, pentamidine, and zidovudine) and synthesis of novel antibacterial agents (including lactones, piperidinol, sugar-based bactericides, isoxazole, carbazole, pyrimidine, and pyrazole derivatives) represent novel approaches to treating infectious diseases. Nonetheless, prodrugs (e.g., siderophores) have recently shown to be an excellent platform to design a new generation of antimicrobial agents with better efficacy against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Ultimately, to combat resistant bacteria and to stop the spread of resistant illnesses, regulations and public education regarding the use of antibiotics in hospitals and the agricultural sector should be combined with research and technological advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Breijyeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem P.O. Box 20002, Palestine
| | - Rafik Karaman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem P.O. Box 20002, Palestine
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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16
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Li B, Wang W, Zhao L, Yan D, Li X, Gao Q, Zheng J, Zhou S, Lai S, Feng Y, Zhang J, Jiang H, Long C, Gan W, Chen X, Wang D, Tang BZ, Liao Y. Multifunctional AIE Nanosphere-Based "Nanobomb" for Trimodal Imaging-Guided Photothermal/Photodynamic/Pharmacological Therapy of Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infections. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4601-4618. [PMID: 36826229 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Injudicious or inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria, posing a huge menace to global health. Here, a self-assembled aggregation-induced emission (AIE) nanosphere (AIE-PEG1000 NPs) that simultaneously possesses near-infrared region II (NIR-II) fluorescence emissive, photothermal, and photodynamic properties is prepared using a multifunctional AIE luminogen (AIE-4COOH). The AIE-PEG1000 NPs were encapsulated with teicoplanin (Tei) and ammonium bicarbonate (AB) into lipid nanovesicles to form a laser-activated "nanobomb" (AIE-Tei@AB NVs) for the multimodal theranostics of drug-resistant bacterial infections. In vivo experiments validate that the "nanobomb" enables high-performance NIR-II fluorescence, infrared thermal, and ultrasound (AB decomposition during the photothermal process to produce numerous CO2/NH3 bubbles, which is an efficient ultrasound contrast agent) imaging of multidrug-resistant bacteria-infected foci after intravenous administration of AIE-Tei@AB NVs followed by 660 nm laser stimulation. The highly efficient photothermal and photodynamic features of AIE-Tei@AB NVs, combined with the excellent pharmacological property of rapidly released Tei during bubble generation and NV disintegration, collectively promote broad-spectrum eradication of three clinically isolated multidrug-resistant bacteria strains and rapid healing of infected wounds. This multimodal imaging-guided synergistic therapeutic strategy can be extended for the theranostics of superbugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Burn Surgery & Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Burn Surgery & Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Dingyuan Yan
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuxia Gao
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, Guangdong, China
| | - Judun Zheng
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, Guangdong, China
| | - Sitong Zhou
- Department of Burn Surgery & Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanshan Lai
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, Guangdong, China
| | - Hang Jiang
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengmin Long
- Department of Burn Surgery & Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjun Gan
- Department of Burn Surgery & Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Burn Surgery & Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhui Liao
- Department of Burn Surgery & Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, Guangdong, China
- Center for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
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17
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Abavisani M, Khayami R, Hoseinzadeh M, Kodori M, Kesharwani P, Sahebkar A. CRISPR-Cas system as a promising player against bacterial infection and antibiotic resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 68:100948. [PMID: 36780840 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of antibiotic resistance (AR) and its increasing global trends and destructive waves concerns patients and the healthcare system. In order to combat AR, it is necessary to explore new strategies when the current antibiotics fail to be effective. Thus, knowing the resistance mechanisms and appropriate diagnosis of bacterial infections may help enhance the sensitivity and specificity of novel strategies. On the other hand, resistance to antimicrobial compounds can spread from resistant populations to susceptible ones. Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) significantly disseminate AR via horizontal and vertical gene transfer. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system is a member of the bacterial immune system with the ability to remove the ARGs; therefore, it can be introduced as an effective and innovative strategy in the battle against AR. Here, we reviewed CRISPR-based bacterial diagnosis technologies. Moreover, the strategies to battle AR based on targeting bacterial chromosomes and resistance plasmids using the CRISPR-Cas system have been explained. Besides, we have presented the limitations of CRISPR delivery and potential solutions to help improve the future development of CRISPR-based platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abavisani
- Student research committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Reza Khayami
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Melika Hoseinzadeh
- Student research committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mansoor Kodori
- Non communicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical sciences, Bam, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, India
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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18
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Jánosity A, Baranyi J, Surányi BB, Možina SS, Taczman-Brückner A, Kiskó G, Klančnik A. Estimating the optimal efflux inhibitor concentration of carvacrol as a function of the bacterial physiological state. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1073798. [PMID: 36760502 PMCID: PMC9905641 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1073798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to find the optimal efflux inhibitor concentration of a natural component, carvacrol, as a function of the physiological state of Escherichia coli. Using fluorescence-based measurements with two strains of E. coli, the effect of carvacrol was assessed at 17 sub-inhibitory concentrations, at which the bacterial efflux mechanism was compromised. The efficacy of carvacrol, as an efflux inhibitor, was compared to synthetic inhibitors and we found carvacrol the most efficient one. We considered the accumulation of Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) as a proxy for drugs spreading in the cell, thus measuring the efflux activity indirectly. The change in membrane integrity caused by the exposure to carvacrol was monitored using the LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability kit. To find the optimal inhibitory concentration of carvacrol, we used predictive microbiology methods. This optimum varied with the bacterial physiological state, as non-growing cultures were less susceptible to the effect of carvacrol than growing cultures were. Moreover, we point out, for the first time, that the efflux-mediated resistance of untreated cultures was also stronger in the non-growing than in the growing phase at population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jánosity
- Department of Food Microbiology, Hygiene and Safety, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Baranyi
- Department of Food Microbiology, Hygiene and Safety, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Botond Bendegúz Surányi
- Department of Food Microbiology, Hygiene and Safety, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrea Taczman-Brückner
- Department of Food Microbiology, Hygiene and Safety, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Kiskó
- Department of Food Microbiology, Hygiene and Safety, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anja Klančnik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,*Correspondence: Anja Klančnik, ✉
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19
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Repurposing Antidepressants and Phenothiazine Antipsychotics as Efflux Pump Inhibitors in Cancer and Infectious Diseases. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010137. [PMID: 36671340 PMCID: PMC9855052 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle in the therapy of infectious diseases and cancer. One of the major mechanisms of MDR is the overexpression of efflux pumps (EPs) that are responsible for extruding antimicrobial and anticancer agents. EPs have additional roles of detoxification that may aid the development of bacterial infection and the progression of cancer. Therefore, targeting EPs may be an attractive strategy to treat bacterial infections and cancer. The development and discovery of a new drug require a long timeline and may come with high development costs. A potential alternative to reduce the time and costs of drug development is to repurpose already existing drugs. Antidepressants and antipsychotic agents are widely used in clinical practice in the treatment of psychiatric disorders and some somatic diseases. Antidepressants and antipsychotics have demonstrated various beneficial activities that may be utilized in the treatment of infections and cancer. This review aims to provide a brief overview of antibacterial and anticancer effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and phenothiazine antipsychotics, while focusing on EPs. However, it should be noted that the antimicrobial activity of a traditionally non-antibiotic drug may have clinical implications regarding dysbiosis and bacterial MDR.
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20
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Sharma S, Kaushik V, Kulshrestha M, Tiwari V. Different Efflux Pump Systems in Acinetobacter baumannii and Their Role in Multidrug Resistance. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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21
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Haryani Y, Halid NA, Guat GS, Nor-Khaizura MAR, Hatta MAM, Sabri S, Radu S, Hasan H. High prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance in fermented food-associated lactic acid bacteria in Malaysia. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Phan TV, Nguyen CHH, Nguyen VTV. 3D-Pharmacophore and Molecular Docking Studies for AcrAB-TolC Efflux Pump Potential Inhibitors from DrugBank and Traditional Chinese Medical Database. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.11081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to the widespread resistance to several antibiotics, the AcrAB-TolC tripartite efflux pump is the primary multi-drug efflux system of Escherichia coli. One of the most promising treatments since the discovery of efflux pump inhibitors is the combination of them with antibiotics.
AIM: Based on the efflux pump inhibitor database and the structure of AcrB, the research was created the virtual screening models with prediction capabilities for the efflux pump inhibitory effects of candidates from the DrugBank and Traditional Chinese Medical databank.
Methods: The pharmacophore models were developed by MOE 2015.10 software using a database of 119 efflux pump inhibitors discovered in 12 research publications and belonged to different structural classes. The binding site was found on the AcrB protein (PDB: 4DX7) by LeadIT 2.0.2 software that corresponds to the hydrophobic trap in the proximal pocket.
Results: The potential inhibitors which satisfied the pharmacophore model and had docking scores under -20 kJ.mol-1 have been established. In which, TCM_20290, DB00303, DB04642, DB08116, TCM_29530, and 2,5-dimethyl-3-O-D-glucopyranosyl-naphthol have the best docking scores of -32.76, -26.59, -26.14, -25.62, -24.88, and -22.82 kJ.mol-1, respectively.
Conclusions: After the screening, the result was obtained six compounds may be potential efflux pump inhibitors that can be used for additional studies. In the future, further in vitro and in vivo research should be required to confirm the effects of these compounds. The ongoing battle against antibiotic resistance shows promise with the finding on initiators that can obstruct AcrAB–TolC multidrug efflux pumps.
Keywords: AcrAB-TolC, inhibitors, Escherichia coli, pharmacophore, molecular docking.
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Hu J, Chen Q, Zhong S, Liu Y, Gao Q, Graham EB, Chen H, Sun W. Insight into co-hosts of nitrate reduction genes and antibiotic resistance genes in an urban river of the qinghai-tibet plateau. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119189. [PMID: 36215840 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial co-hosts of nitrate reduction genes (NRGs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been recently reported, but their ecology and biochemical role in urban waterways remain largely unknown. Here, we collected 29 surface water and 29 sediment samples in the Huangshui River on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the wet and dry season, and 11 water samples from wastewater treatment plants and wetlands along the river. Using metagenomic sequencing, we retrieved 278 medium-to-high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of NRG-ARG co-hosts, mainly belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota. Of microorganisms carrying ARGs, a high proportion (75.3%‒94.9%) also encoded NRGs, supporting nitrate reducing bacteria as dominant hosts of ARGs. Seasonal changes in antibiotic levels corresponded to significant variation in the relative abundance of NRG-ARG co-host in both water and sediments, resulting in a concomitant change in antibiotic resistance pathways. In contrast, the contribution of NRG-ARG co-hosts to nitrate reduction was stable between seasons. We identify specific antibiotics (e.g., sulphonamides) and microbial taxa (e.g., Acinetobacter and Hafnia) that may disproportionately impact these relationships to serve as a basis for laboratory investigations into bioremediation strategies. Our study suggests that highly abundant nitrate reducing microorganisms in contaminated environments may also directly impact human health as carriers of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Hu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Sining Zhong
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Resources and Environment, Fuzhou 350002, PR.China
| | - Yaping Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, PR.China
| | - Emily B Graham
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, United States; Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, United States
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, South Carolina 29634, United States.
| | - Weiling Sun
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
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Seukep AJ, Mbuntcha HG, Kuete V, Chu Y, Fan E, Guo MQ. What Approaches to Thwart Bacterial Efflux Pumps-Mediated Resistance? Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101287. [PMID: 36289945 PMCID: PMC9598416 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective response that combines prevention and treatment is still the most anticipated solution to the increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). As the phenomenon continues to evolve, AMR is driving an escalation of hard-to-treat infections and mortality rates. Over the years, bacteria have devised a variety of survival tactics to outwit the antibiotic’s effects, yet given their great adaptability, unexpected mechanisms are still to be discovered. Over-expression of efflux pumps (EPs) constitutes the leading strategy of bacterial resistance, and it is also a primary driver in the establishment of multidrug resistance (MDR). Extensive efforts are being made to develop antibiotic resistance breakers (ARBs) with the ultimate goal of re-sensitizing bacteria to medications to which they have become unresponsive. EP inhibitors (EPIs) appear to be the principal group of ARBs used to impair the efflux system machinery. Due to the high toxicity of synthetic EPIs, there is a growing interest in natural, safe, and innocuous ones, whereby plant extracts emerge to be excellent candidates. Besides EPIs, further alternatives are being explored including the development of nanoparticle carriers, biologics, and phage therapy, among others. What roles do EPs play in the occurrence of MDR? What weapons do we have to thwart EP-mediated resistance? What are the obstacles to their development? These are some of the core questions addressed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armel Jackson Seukep
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 437004, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 437004, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Helene Gueaba Mbuntcha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 67, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 67, Cameroon
| | - Yindi Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Enguo Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
- Correspondence: (E.F.); (M.-Q.G.)
| | - Ming-Quan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 437004, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 437004, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (E.F.); (M.-Q.G.)
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Modulation of Drug Resistance by Furanochromones in NorA Overexpressing Staphylococcus Aureus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9244500. [PMID: 36164399 PMCID: PMC9509268 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9244500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Khellin and visnagin are natural furanochromones that photoreact with DNA. Khellin has been used in the treatment of vitiligo and psoriasis, as well as in the treatment of angina pectoris and asthma due to its potent action as a coronary vasodilator and antispasmodic agent. The present study aimed to investigate whether the compounds khellin and visnagin act as inhibitors of NorA protein, an efflux pump overproduced by the strain of Staphylococcus aureus SA-1199B that confers resistance to the fluoroquinolones, such as norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. These substances alone did not show antibacterial activity against the strain tested. On the other hand, when these compounds were added to the culture medium at subinhibitory concentration, they were able to reduce the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of norfloxacin, ethidium bromide, as well as berberine, suggesting that these compounds are modulating agents of norfloxacin resistance, possibly due to NorA inhibition. Molecular docking analysis showed that both khellin and visnagin form hydrogen bonds with Arg310, an important residue in the interaction between NorA and its substrates, supporting the hypothesis that these compounds are NorA inhibitors. These results suggest a possible application of khellin and visnagin as adjuvants to norfloxacin in the treatment of infections caused by strains of S. aureus that overproduce NorA.
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Drug Efflux Pump Inhibitors: A Promising Approach to Counter Multidrug Resistance in Gram-Negative Pathogens by Targeting AcrB Protein from AcrAB-TolC Multidrug Efflux Pump from Escherichia coli. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091328. [PMID: 36138807 PMCID: PMC9495857 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, especially that caused by Gram-negative bacteria, have posed serious health issues worldwide. Bacteria have different mechanisms that can confer multidrug resistance to bacteria, among these mechanisms are drug efflux pumps that play the main role in conferring multidrug resistance by recognizing then expelling a wide range of compounds, especially antibiotics, and reducing their concentration to sub-toxic levels. Small molecule inhibitors that target drug efflux pumps especially the AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux pump, from E. coli, appear as a new promising and attractive approach that could increase the required accumulation of antimicrobials to eliminate bacteria as well as leading to reverse antibiotic resistance and prevent the development of resistance in clinically relevant bacterial pathogens and enhances the activity of antibiotics or prolong their effectiveness. Abstract Infections caused by multidrug resistance (MDR) of Gram-negative bacteria have become one of the most severe public health problems worldwide. The main mechanism that confers MDR to bacteria is drug efflux pumps, as they expel a wide range of compounds, especially antibiotics. Among the different types of drug efflux pumps, the resistance nodulation division (RND) superfamily confers MDR to various Gram-negative bacteria species. The AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux pump, from E. coli, a member of RND, is the best-characterized example and an excellent model for understanding MDR because of an abundance of functional and structural data. Small molecule inhibitors that target the AcrAB-TolC drug efflux pump represent a new solution to reversing MDR in Gram-negative bacteria and restoring the efficacy of various used drugs that are clinically relevant to these pathogens, especially in the high shortage of drugs for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. This review will investigate solutions of MDR in Gram-negative bacteria by studying the inhibition of the AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux pump.
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Mathematical Modelling Highlights the Potential for Genetic Manipulation as an Adjuvant to Counter Efflux-Mediated MDR in Salmonella. Bull Math Biol 2022; 84:56. [PMID: 35380320 PMCID: PMC8983579 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-022-01011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria have developed resistance to antibiotics by various mechanisms, notable amongst these is the use of permeation barriers and the expulsion of antibiotics via efflux pumps. The resistance-nodulation-division (RND) family of efflux pumps is found in Gram-negative bacteria and a major contributor to multidrug resistance (MDR). In particular, Salmonella encodes five RND efflux pump systems: AcrAB, AcrAD, AcrEF, MdsAB and MdtAB which have different substrate ranges including many antibiotics. We produce a spatial partial differential equation (PDE) model governing the diffusion and efflux of antibiotic in Salmonella, via these RND efflux pumps. Using parameter fitting techniques on experimental data, we are able to establish the behaviour of multiple wild-type and efflux mutant Salmonella strains, which enables us to produce efflux profiles for each individual efflux pump system. By combining the model with a gene regulatory network (GRN) model of efflux regulation, we simulate how the bacteria respond to their environment. Finally, performing a parameter sensitivity analysis, we look into various different targets to inhibit the efflux pumps. The model provides an in silico framework with which to test these potential adjuvants to counter MDR.
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Abstract
The bacterial response to antibiotics eliciting resistance is one of the key challenges in global health. Despite many attempts to understand intrinsic antibiotic resistance, many of the underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. In this study, we found that iron supplementation promoted antibiotic resistance in Streptomyces coelicolor. Iron-promoted resistance occurred specifically against bactericidal antibiotics, irrespective of the primary target of antibiotics. Transcriptome profiling revealed that some genes in the central metabolism and respiration were upregulated under iron-replete conditions. Iron supported the growth of S. coelicolor even under anaerobic conditions. In the presence of potassium cyanide, which reduces aerobic respiration of cells, iron still promoted respiration and antibiotic resistance. This suggests the involvement of a KCN-insensitive type of respiration in the iron effect. This phenomenon was also observed in another actinobacterium, Mycobacterium smegmatis. Taken together, these findings provide insight into a bacterial resistance strategy that mitigates the activity of bactericidal antibiotics whose efficacy accompanies oxidative damage by switching the respiration mode.
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Spengler G, Gajdács M, Donadu MG, Usai M, Marchetti M, Ferrari M, Mazzarello V, Zanetti S, Nagy F, Kovács R. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Antivirulent Potential of Essential Oils Isolated from Juniperus oxycedrus L. ssp. macrocarpa Aerial Parts. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040758. [PMID: 35456809 PMCID: PMC9032431 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of the worsening situation with multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens and a disparity in the commercialization of novel antimicrobial agents, scientists have been prompted to seek out new compounds with antimicrobial activity from a wide range of sources, including medicinal plants. In the present study, the antibacterial, antifungal, anti-virulence, and resistance-modulating properties of the essential oil from the Sardinian endemic Juniperus oxycedrus L. ssp. macrocarpa aerial parts were evaluated. The GC/MS analysis showed that the main compounds in the oil were α-pinene (56.63 ± 0.24%), limonene (14.66 ± 0.11%), and β-pinene (13.42 ± 0.09%). The essential oil showed potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (0.25–2 v/v%) and Salmonella spp. (4 v/v%). The strongest fungicidal activity was recorded against Candida auris sessile cells (median FICI was 0.088) but not against C. albicans biofilms (median FICI was 1). The oil showed potent efflux pump inhibitory properties in the case of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The therapeutic potential of Juniperus may be promising for future more extensive research and in vivo tests to develop new drugs against antibiotic and antifungal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Spengler
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis Utca 6, 6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 63, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Matthew Gavino Donadu
- Hospital Pharmacy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.F.); (V.M.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marianna Usai
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Mauro Marchetti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR), Li Punti, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.F.); (V.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Vittorio Mazzarello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.F.); (V.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Stefania Zanetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.F.); (V.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Fruzsina Nagy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.N.); (R.K.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Renátó Kovács
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.N.); (R.K.)
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Dey N, Kamatchi C, Vickram AS, Anbarasu K, Thanigaivel S, Palanivelu J, Pugazhendhi A, Ponnusamy VK. Role of nanomaterials in deactivating multiple drug resistance efflux pumps - A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:111968. [PMID: 34453898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The changes in lifestyle and living conditions have affected not only humans but also microorganisms. As man invents new drugs and therapies, pathogens alter themselves to survive and thrive. Multiple drug resistance (MDR) is the talk of the town for decades now. Many generations of medications have been termed useless as MDR rises among the infectious population. The surge in nanotechnology has brought a new hope in reducing this aspect of resistance in pathogens. It has been observed in several laboratory-based studies that the use of nanoparticles had a synergistic effect on the antibiotic being administered to the pathogen; several resistant strains scummed to the stress created by the nanoparticles and became susceptible to the drug. The major cause of resistance to date is the efflux system, which makes the latest generation of antibiotics ineffective without reaching the target site. If species-specific nanomaterials are used to control the activity of efflux pumps, it could revolutionize the field of medicine and make the previous generation resistant medications active once again. Therefore, the current study was devised to assess and review nanoparticles' role on efflux systems and discuss how specialized particles can be designed towards an infectious host's particular drug ejection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - C Kamatchi
- Department of Biotechnology, The Oxford College of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - A S Vickram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - K Anbarasu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - S Thanigaivel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Jeyanthi Palanivelu
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | | | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry & Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Program of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology (NKUST), Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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Nadar S, Khan T, Patching SG, Omri A. Development of Antibiofilm Therapeutics Strategies to Overcome Antimicrobial Drug Resistance. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020303. [PMID: 35208758 PMCID: PMC8879831 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A biofilm is a community of stable microorganisms encapsulated in an extracellular matrix produced by themselves. Many types of microorganisms that are found on living hosts or in the environment can form biofilms. These include pathogenic bacteria that can serve as a reservoir for persistent infections, and are culpable for leading to a broad spectrum of chronic illnesses and emergence of antibiotic resistance making them difficult to be treated. The absence of biofilm-targeting antibiotics in the drug discovery pipeline indicates an unmet opportunity for designing new biofilm inhibitors as antimicrobial agents using various strategies and targeting distinct stages of biofilm formation. The strategies available to control biofilm formation include targeting the enzymes and proteins specific to the microorganism and those involved in the adhesion pathways leading to formation of resistant biofilms. This review primarily focuses on the recent strategies and advances responsible for identifying a myriad of antibiofilm agents and their mechanism of biofilm inhibition, including extracellular polymeric substance synthesis inhibitors, adhesion inhibitors, quorum sensing inhibitors, efflux pump inhibitors, and cyclic diguanylate inhibitors. Furthermore, we present the structure–activity relationships (SAR) of these agents, including recently discovered biofilm inhibitors, nature-derived bioactive scaffolds, synthetic small molecules, antimicrobial peptides, bioactive compounds isolated from fungi, non-proteinogenic amino acids and antibiotics. We hope to fuel interest and focus research efforts on the development of agents targeting the uniquely complex, physical and chemical heterogeneous biofilms through a multipronged approach and combinatorial therapeutics for a more effective control and management of biofilms across diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahaya Nadar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Mumbai 400056, India;
| | - Tabassum Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400056, India;
| | - Simon G. Patching
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Correspondence: or (S.G.P.); (A.O.)
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Correspondence: or (S.G.P.); (A.O.)
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Samreen, Qais FA, Ahmad I. In silico screening and in vitro validation of phytocompounds as multidrug efflux pump inhibitor against E. coli. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2189-2201. [PMID: 35067192 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2029564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple drug resistance (MDR) in bacteria has increased globally in recent times. This has reduced the efficacy of antibiotics and increasing the rate of therapeutic failure. Targeting efflux pump by natural and synthetic compounds is one of the strategies to develop an ideal broad-spectrum resistance-modifying agent. Very few inhibitors of AcrB from natural sources have been reported till date. In the current study, 19 phytocompounds were screened for efflux pump inhibitory activity against AcrB protein of E. coli TG1 using molecular docking studies. The molecular dynamics simulation provided stability the protein (AcrB) and its complex with chlorogenic acid under physiological conditions. Moreover, the detailed molecular insights of the binding were also explored. The Lipinski rule of 5 and the drug-likeness prediction was determined using Swiss ADME server, while toxicity prediction was done using admetSAR and PROTOX-II webservers. Chlorogenic acid showed the highest binding affinity (-9.1 kcal mol-1) with AcrB protein among all screened phytocompounds. Consequently, all the phytocompounds that accede to Lipinski's rule, demonstrated a high LD50 value indicating that they are non-toxic except the phytocompound reserpine. Chlorogenic acid and capsaicin are filtered out based on the synergy with tetracycline having FIC index of 0.25 and 0.28. The percentage increase of EtBr fluorescence by chlorogenic acid was 36.6% followed by piperine (24.2%). Chlorogenic acid may be a promising efflux pump inhibitor that might be employed in combination therapy with tetracycline against E. coli, based on the above relationship between in silico screening and in vitro positive efflux inhibitory activity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Faizan Abul Qais
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Mehta J, Rolta R, Dev K. Role of medicinal plants from North Western Himalayas as an efflux pump inhibitor against MDR AcrAB-TolC Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium: In vitro and In silico studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114589. [PMID: 34492321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zingiber officinale Roscoe has been utilized traditionally to cure various diseases like cold, cough, diarrhoea, nausea, asthma, vomiting, toothache, stomach upset, respiratory disorders, joint pain, and throat infection. It is also consumed as spices and ginger tea. AIM OF THE STUDY The current study was aimed to identify the phytocompounds of traditional medicinal plants of North-Western Himalaya that could inhibit the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump activity of Salmonella typhimurium and become sensitive to antibiotic killing at reduced dosage. MATERIAL AND METHODS Medicinal plant extracts were prepared using methanol, aqueous, and ethyl acetate and tested for efflux pump inhibitory activity of Salmonella typhimurium NKS70, NKS174, and NKS773 strains using Ethidium Bromide (EtBr)-agar cartwheel assay. Synergism was assessed by the agar well diffusion method and EPI activity by berberine uptake and EtBr efflux inhibition assays. Microdilution method and checkerboard assays were done to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) respectively for a bioactive compound. To validate the phytocompound and efflux pump interaction, molecular docking with 6IE8 (RamA) and 6IE9 (RamR) targets was done using autoDock vina software. Toxicity prediction and drug-likeness were predicted by using ProTox-II and Molinspiration respectively. RESULTS Methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of P. integerrima, O. sanctum, C. asiatica, M. charantia, Z. officinale, and W. somnifera in combination with ciprofloxacin and tetracycline showed synergistic antimicrobial activity with GIIs of 0.61-1.32 and GIIs 0.56-1.35 respectively. Methanolic extract of Z. officinal enhanced the antimicrobial potency of berberine (2 to 4-folds) and increased the EtBr accumulation. Furthermore, bioassay-guided fractionation leads to the identification of lariciresinol in ethyl acetate fraction, which decreased the MIC by 2-to 4-folds. The ΣFIC values varied from 0.30 to 0.55 with tetracycline, that indicated synergistic/additive effects. Lariciresinol also showed a good binding affinity with 6IE8 (-7.4 kcal mol-1) and 6IE9 (-8.2 kcal mol-1), which is comparable to tetracycline and chenodeoxycholic acid. Lariciresinol followed Lipinski's rule of five. CONCLUSION The data suggest that lariciresinol from Z. officinale could be a potential efflux pump inhibitor that could lead to effective killing of drug resistant Salmonella typhimurium at lower MIC. Molecular docking confirmed the antibacterial EPI mechanism of lariciresinol in Salmonella typhimurium and confirmed to be safe for future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Mehta
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, PO Sultanpur, District Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Rajan Rolta
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, PO Sultanpur, District Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kamal Dev
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, PO Sultanpur, District Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Webber A, Ratnaweera M, Harris A, Luisi BF, Ntsogo Enguéné VY. A Model for Allosteric Communication in Drug Transport by the AcrAB-TolC Tripartite Efflux Pump. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:52. [PMID: 35052929 PMCID: PMC8773123 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
RND family efflux pumps are complex macromolecular machines involved in multidrug resistance by extruding antibiotics from the cell. While structural studies and molecular dynamics simulations have provided insights into the architecture and conformational states of the pumps, the path followed by conformational changes from the inner membrane protein (IMP) to the periplasmic membrane fusion protein (MFP) and to the outer membrane protein (OMP) in tripartite efflux assemblies is not fully understood. Here, we investigated AcrAB-TolC efflux pump's allostery by comparing resting and transport states using difference distance matrices supplemented with evolutionary couplings data and buried surface area measurements. Our analysis indicated that substrate binding by the IMP triggers quaternary level conformational changes in the MFP, which induce OMP to switch from the closed state to the open state, accompanied by a considerable increase in the interface area between the MFP subunits and between the OMPs and MFPs. This suggests that the pump's transport-ready state is at a more favourable energy level than the resting state, but raises the puzzle of how the pump does not become stably trapped in a transport-intermediate state. We propose a model for pump allostery that includes a downhill energetic transition process from a proposed 'activated' transport state back to the resting pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya Webber
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; (A.W.); (A.H.)
| | - Malitha Ratnaweera
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK;
| | - Andrzej Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; (A.W.); (A.H.)
| | - Ben F. Luisi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; (A.W.); (A.H.)
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Afridi M, Khan SA, Afridi R, Ullah F, Majid A, Khan AA, Ali N. Combining antibiotics with silver nanoparticles: A potential treatment strategy against antimicrobial resistance. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-210131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Growing resistance to currently approved antibiotics is posing serious concern worldwide. The multidrug-resistant organisms are a major cause of mortality and morbidity around the globe. The limited options to treat infections caused by resistant organism requires alternative strategies to increase the effectiveness of antibiotic for better clinical outcomes. Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled the drugs to be used in nanoscale to increase the effectiveness of antibiotics. The use of nanoparticles to treat infectious diseases has a long history in the pharmaceutical market, and the versatility of these particles to incorporate various materials as carriers make it an attractive option to combat the current crisis of emerging antibacterial resistance. Silver, a metal with many medical applications, has inherent antimicrobial properties. Therefore, silver NPs are appearing as one of the best options to be used in combination with antibiotics to increase effectiveness against resistant bacteria. Here, we discuss the applications and mechanisms of silver NPs to treat microbial resistance in light of recent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Afridi
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ruqayya Afridi
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Majid
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
| | - Aziz Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nawab Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Pandey P, Sahoo R, Singh K, Pati S, Mathew J, Pandey AC, Kant R, Han I, Choi EH, Dwivedi GR, Yadav DK. Drug Resistance Reversal Potential of Nanoparticles/Nanocomposites via Antibiotic's Potentiation in Multi Drug Resistant P. aeruginosa. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 12:117. [PMID: 35010068 PMCID: PMC8746836 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria employ numerous resistance mechanisms against structurally distinct drugs by the process of multidrug resistance. A study was planned to discover the antibacterial potential of a graphene oxide nanosheet (GO), a graphene oxide-zinc oxide nanocomposite (GO/ZnO), a graphene oxide-chitosan nanocomposite (GO-CS), a zinc oxide decorated graphene oxide-chitosan nanocomposite (GO-CS/ZnO), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) alone and in a blend with antibiotics against a PS-2 isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These nanocomposites reduced the MIC of tetracycline (TET) from 16 folds to 64 folds against a multidrug-resistant clinical isolate. Efflux pumps were interfered, as evident by an ethidium bromide synergy study with nanocomposites, as well as inhibiting biofilm synthesis. These nanoparticles/nanocomposites also decreased the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) of TET. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on nanomaterials as a synergistic agent via inhibition of efflux and biofilm synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi 284128, India
- Nanotechnology Application Centre, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Rajashree Sahoo
- Microbiology Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneshwar 751023, India
| | - Khusbu Singh
- Microbiology Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneshwar 751023, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Microbiology Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneshwar 751023, India
| | - Jose Mathew
- Department of Biotechnology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi 284128, India
| | | | - Rajni Kant
- Microbiology Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur 273013, India
| | - Ihn Han
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical & Bio-logical Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical & Bio-logical Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Gaurav Raj Dwivedi
- Microbiology Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur 273013, India
| | - Dharmendra K Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoeiro 191, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon City 406-799, Korea
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Brindangnanam P, Sawant AR, Prashanth K, Coumar MS. Bacterial effluxome as a barrier against antimicrobial agents: structural biology aspects and drug targeting. Tissue Barriers 2021; 10:2013695. [PMID: 34957912 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.2013695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is fast becoming a medical crisis affecting the entire global population. The bacterial membrane is the first layer of defense for the bacteria against antimicrobial agents (AMA), specifically transporters in the membrane efflux these AMA out of the bacteria and plays a significant role in the AMR development. Understanding the structure and the functions of these efflux transporters is essential to overcome AMR. This review discusses efflux transporters (primary, secondary, and tripartite), their domain architectures, substrate specificities, and efflux pump inhibitors (EPI). Special emphasis on nosocomial ESKAPEE (Enterococcus faecium., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli) pathogens, their multidrug efflux targets and inhibitors are discussed. Deep knowledge about the functioning of efflux pumps and their structural aspects will open up opportunities for developing new EPI, which could be used along with AMA as combination therapy to overcome the emerging AMR crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pownraj Brindangnanam
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Ajit Ramesh Sawant
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - K Prashanth
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Mohane Selvaraj Coumar
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
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Gorzynski M, Week T, Jaramillo T, Dzalamidze E, Danelishvili L. Mycobacterium abscessus Genetic Determinants Associated with the Intrinsic Resistance to Antibiotics. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122527. [PMID: 34946129 PMCID: PMC8707978 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus
subsp. abscessus (MAB) is a fast-growing nontuberculous mycobacterium causing pulmonary infections in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. The treatment of MAB infections in clinics is extremely challenging, as this organism is naturally resistant to most available antibiotics. There is limited knowledge on the mechanisms of MAB intrinsic resistance and on the genes that are involved in the tolerance to antimicrobials. To identify the MAB genetic factors, including the components of the cell surface transport systems related to the efflux pumps, major known elements contributing to antibiotic resistance, we screened the MAB transposon library of 2000 gene knockout mutants. The library was exposed at either minimal inhibitory (MIC) or bactericidal concentrations (BC) of amikacin, clarithromycin, or cefoxitin, and MAB susceptibility was determined through the optical density. The 98 susceptible and 36 resistant mutants that exhibited sensitivity below the MIC and resistance to BC, respectively, to all three drugs were sequenced, and 16 mutants were found to belong to surface transport systems, such as the efflux pumps, porins, and carrier membrane enzymes associated with different types of molecule transport. To establish the relevance of the identified transport systems to antibiotic tolerance, the gene expression levels of the export related genes were evaluated in nine MAB clinical isolates in the presence or absence of antibiotics. The selected mutants were also evaluated for their ability to form biofilms and for their intracellular survival in human macrophages. In this study, we identified numerous MAB genes that play an important role in the intrinsic mechanisms to antimicrobials and further demonstrated that, by targeting components of the drug efflux system, we can significantly increase the efficacy of the current antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylene Gorzynski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (M.G.); (T.W.); (T.J.); (E.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Tiana Week
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (M.G.); (T.W.); (T.J.); (E.D.)
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Tiana Jaramillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (M.G.); (T.W.); (T.J.); (E.D.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Elizaveta Dzalamidze
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (M.G.); (T.W.); (T.J.); (E.D.)
- BioHealth Sciences, Department of Microbiology, College of Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Lia Danelishvili
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (M.G.); (T.W.); (T.J.); (E.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Flavonoids as Inhibitors of Bacterial Efflux Pumps. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226904. [PMID: 34833994 PMCID: PMC8625893 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are widely occurring secondary plant constituents, and are abundant in vegetable and fruit diets as well as herbal medicines. Therapeutic treatment options for bacterial infections are limited due to the spread of antimicrobial resistances. Hence, in a number of studies during the last few years, different classes of plant secondary metabolites as resistance-modifying agents have been carried out. In this review, we present the role of flavonoids as inhibitors of bacterial efflux pumps. Active compounds could be identified in the subclasses of chalcones, flavan-3-ols, flavanones, flavones, flavonols, flavonolignans and isoflavones; by far the majority of compounds were aglycones, although some glycosides like kaempferol glycosides with p-coumaroyl acylation showed remarkable results. Staphylococcus aureus NorA pump was the focus of many studies, followed by mycobacteria, whereas Gram-negative bacteria are still under-investigated.
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Kaur K, Reddy S, Barathe P, Shriram V, Anand U, Proćków J, Kumar V. Combating Drug-Resistant Bacteria Using Photothermally Active Nanomaterials: A Perspective Review. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:747019. [PMID: 34867863 PMCID: PMC8633304 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.747019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Injudicious use of antibiotics has been the main driver of severe bacterial non-susceptibility to commonly available antibiotics (known as drug resistance or antimicrobial resistance), a global threat to human health and healthcare. There is an increase in the incidence and levels of resistance to antibacterial drugs not only in nosocomial settings but also in community ones. The drying pipeline of new and effective antibiotics has further worsened the situation and is leading to a potentially "post-antibiotic era." This requires novel and effective therapies and therapeutic agents for combating drug-resistant pathogenic microbes. Nanomaterials are emerging as potent antimicrobial agents with both bactericidal and potentiating effects reported against drug-resistant microbes. Among them, the photothermally active nanomaterials (PANs) are gaining attention for their broad-spectrum antibacterial potencies driven mainly by the photothermal effect, which is characterized by the conversion of absorbed photon energy into heat energy by the PANs. The current review capitalizes on the importance of using PANs as an effective approach for overcoming bacterial resistance to drugs. Various PANs leveraging broad-spectrum therapeutic antibacterial (both bactericidal and synergistic) potentials against drug-resistant pathogens have been discussed. The review also provides deeper mechanistic insights into the mechanisms of the action of PANs against a variety of drug-resistant pathogens with a critical evaluation of efflux pumps, cell membrane permeability, biofilm, and quorum sensing inhibition. We also discuss the use of PANs as drug carriers. This review also discusses possible cytotoxicities related to the therapeutic use of PANs and effective strategies to overcome this. Recent developments, success stories, challenges, and prospects are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawaljeet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ganeshkhind, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Sagar Reddy
- Department of Botany, Prof. Ramkrishna More College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Pramod Barathe
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ganeshkhind, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Varsha Shriram
- Department of Botany, Prof. Ramkrishna More College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ganeshkhind, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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Casalone E, Vignolini T, Braconi L, Gardini L, Capitanio M, Pavone FS, Giovannelli L, Dei S, Teodori E. Characterization of substituted piperazines able to reverse MDR in Escherichia coli strains overexpressing resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) efflux pumps. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 77:413-424. [PMID: 34747445 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MDR in bacteria is threatening to public health. Overexpression of efflux pumps is an important cause of MDR. The co-administration of antimicrobial drugs and efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) is a promising approach to address the problem of MDR. OBJECTIVES To identify new putative EPIs and to characterize their mechanisms of action. METHODS The effects of four selected piperazine derivatives on resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) pumps was evaluated in Escherichia coli strains overexpressing or not expressing RND pumps by assays aimed at evaluating antibiotic potentiation, membrane functionality, ethidium bromide accumulation and AcrB expression. The cytotoxicity of selected piperazines towards primary cultures of human dermal fibroblasts was also investigated. RESULTS Four molecules enhanced levofloxacin activity against strains overexpressing RND efflux pumps (AcrAB-TolC and AcrEF-TolC), but not against RND pump-deficient strains. They had little effects on membrane potential. Molecule 4 decreased, whereas the other three increased, membrane permeability compared with untreated control cells. The four molecules showed differences in the specificity of interaction with RND efflux pumps, by inactivating the transport of one or more antibiotics, and in the levels of ethidium bromide accumulation and of acrB expression inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Piperazine derivatives are good candidates as inhibitors of RND efflux pumps. They decreased the activity of RND pumps by mixed mechanisms of action. Small structural differences among the molecules can be critical in defining their behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Casalone
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Tiziano Vignolini
- LENS-European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Laura Braconi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health-Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lucia Gardini
- LENS-European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,National Institute of Optics-National Research Council, Largo Fermi 6, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Capitanio
- LENS-European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesco S Pavone
- LENS-European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,National Institute of Optics-National Research Council, Largo Fermi 6, 50125 Florence, Italy.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health-Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health-Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health-Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Kell DB. The Transporter-Mediated Cellular Uptake and Efflux of Pharmaceutical Drugs and Biotechnology Products: How and Why Phospholipid Bilayer Transport Is Negligible in Real Biomembranes. Molecules 2021; 26:5629. [PMID: 34577099 PMCID: PMC8470029 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, my colleagues and I have come to realise that the likelihood of pharmaceutical drugs being able to diffuse through whatever unhindered phospholipid bilayer may exist in intact biological membranes in vivo is vanishingly low. This is because (i) most real biomembranes are mostly protein, not lipid, (ii) unlike purely lipid bilayers that can form transient aqueous channels, the high concentrations of proteins serve to stop such activity, (iii) natural evolution long ago selected against transport methods that just let any undesirable products enter a cell, (iv) transporters have now been identified for all kinds of molecules (even water) that were once thought not to require them, (v) many experiments show a massive variation in the uptake of drugs between different cells, tissues, and organisms, that cannot be explained if lipid bilayer transport is significant or if efflux were the only differentiator, and (vi) many experiments that manipulate the expression level of individual transporters as an independent variable demonstrate their role in drug and nutrient uptake (including in cytotoxicity or adverse drug reactions). This makes such transporters valuable both as a means of targeting drugs (not least anti-infectives) to selected cells or tissues and also as drug targets. The same considerations apply to the exploitation of substrate uptake and product efflux transporters in biotechnology. We are also beginning to recognise that transporters are more promiscuous, and antiporter activity is much more widespread, than had been realised, and that such processes are adaptive (i.e., were selected by natural evolution). The purpose of the present review is to summarise the above, and to rehearse and update readers on recent developments. These developments lead us to retain and indeed to strengthen our contention that for transmembrane pharmaceutical drug transport "phospholipid bilayer transport is negligible".
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK;
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
- Mellizyme Biotechnology Ltd., IC1, Liverpool Science Park, Mount Pleasant, Liverpool L3 5TF, UK
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Efflux Pump Overexpression Profiling in Acinetobacter baumannii and Study of New 1-(1-Naphthylmethyl)-Piperazine Analogs as Potential Efflux Inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0071021. [PMID: 34097483 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00710-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of efflux pumps extruding antibiotics currently used for the treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii infections has been described as an important mechanism causing antibiotic resistance. The first aim of this work was to phenotypically evaluate the overexpression of efflux pumps on a collection of 124 ciprofloxacin-resistant A. baumannii strains. An overexpression of genes encoding one or more efflux pumps was obtained for 19 out of the 34 strains with a positive phenotypic efflux (56%). The most frequent genes overexpressed were those belonging to the RND family, with adeJ being the most prevalent (50%). Interestingly, efflux pump genes coding for MATE and MFS families were also overexpressed quite frequently: abeM (32%) and abaQ (26%). The second aim was to synthesize 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine analogs as potential new efflux pump inhibitors and biologically evaluate them against strains with a positive phenotypic efflux. Quinoline and pyridine analogs were found to be more effective than their parent compound, 1-(1-naphthyl methyl)-piperazine. Stereochemistry also played an important part in the inhibitory activity, as quinoline derivative (R)-3a was identified as being the most effective and less cytotoxic. Its inhibitory activity was also correlated with the number of efflux pumps expressed by a strain. The results obtained in this work suggest that quinoline analogs of 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine are promising leads in the development of new anti-Acinetobacter baumannii therapeutic alternatives in combination with antibiotics for which an efflux-mediated resistance is suspected.
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Khare T, Mahalunkar S, Shriram V, Gosavi S, Kumar V. Embelin-loaded chitosan gold nanoparticles interact synergistically with ciprofloxacin by inhibiting efflux pumps in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111321. [PMID: 33989619 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A global upsurge in emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in bacterial populations is a serious threat for human health. Unfortunately, ABR is no longer confined to nosocomial environments and is frequently reported from community microbes as well. The ABR is resulting in shrinking potent antibiotics pool and thus necessitating novel and alternative therapies and therapeutics. Current investigation was aimed to assess the synergistic potential of a synthesized, phytomolecule-loaded, polysaccharide-stabilized metallic nanoparticles (NPs) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Escherichia coli (EC) isolated from river waters. ABR profiling of these strains characterized them as multidrug resistant (MDR). Synthesized embelin (Emb, isolated from Embelia tsjeriam-cottam)-loaded, chitosan-gold (Emb-Chi-Au) NPs were assessed for their potential synergistic activity with ciprofloxacin (CIP) via checker-board assay and time-kill curve analysis. The NPs reduced the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CIP by 16- and 4-fold against MDR PA (PA-r) and EC (EC-r) strains, respectively. Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices with ≤0.5 values confirmed the synergy between the Emb-Chi-Au NPs and CIP, which was further confirmed at ½ MICs in both PA-r and EC-r via time-kill curve analysis. In order to decipher the mode of action, efflux pump inhibitory effects of Emb-Chi-Au NPs were evaluated in terms of the increase in the EtBr mediated fluorescence in control versus NP-treated MDR strains. Molecular docking based in silico simulations were used to predict the interactions between Emb and the active sites of the efflux pump related proteins in PA-r (MexA, MexB and OprM) and EC-r (AcrA, AcrB and TolC), which revealed the probable bond formation between Emb and respective amino acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Khare
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Savitribai Phule Pune University), Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India; Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Sneha Mahalunkar
- School of Basic Medical Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Varsha Shriram
- Department of Botany, Prof. Ramkrishna More Arts, Commerce and Science College (Savitribai Phule Pune University), Pune, 411044, India
| | - Suresh Gosavi
- School of Basic Medical Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India; Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Savitribai Phule Pune University), Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India; Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
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Extreme Acid Modulates Fitness Trade-Offs of Multidrug Efflux Pumps MdtEF-TolC and AcrAB-TolC in Escherichia coli K-12. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0072421. [PMID: 34085861 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00724-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial genomes encode various multidrug efflux pumps (MDR) whose specific conditions for fitness advantage are unknown. We show that the efflux pump MdtEF-TolC, in Escherichia coli, confers a fitness advantage during exposure to extreme acid (pH 2). Our flow cytometry method revealed pH-dependent fitness trade-offs between bile acids (a major pump substrate) and salicylic acid, a membrane-permeant aromatic acid that induces a drug resistance regulon but depletes proton motive force (PMF). The PMF drives MdtEF-TolC and related pumps such as AcrAB-TolC. Deletion of mdtE (with loss of the pump MdtEF-TolC) increased the strain's relative fitness during growth with or without salicylate or bile acids. However, when the growth cycle included a 2-h incubation at pH 2 (below the pH growth range), MdtEF-TolC conferred a fitness advantage. The fitness advantage required bile salts but was decreased by the presence of salicylate, whose uptake is amplified by acid. For comparison, AcrAB-TolC, the primary efflux pump for bile acids, conferred a PMF-dependent fitness advantage with or without acid exposure in the growth cycle. A different MDR pump, EmrAB-TolC, conferred no selective benefit during growth in the presence of bile acids. Without bile acids, all three MDR pumps incurred a large fitness cost with salicylate when exposed at pH 2. These results are consistent with the increased uptake of salicylate at low pH. Overall, we showed that MdtEF-TolC is an MDR pump adapted for transient extreme-acid exposure and that low pH amplifies the salicylate-dependent fitness cost for drug pumps. IMPORTANCE Antibiotics and other drugs that reach the gut must pass through stomach acid. However, little is known of how extreme acid modulates the effect of drugs on gut bacteria. We find that extreme-acid exposure leads to a fitness advantage for a multidrug pump that otherwise incurs a fitness cost. At the same time, extreme acid amplifies the effect of salicylate selection against multidrug pumps. Thus, organic acids and stomach acid could play important roles in regulating multidrug resistance in the gut microbiome. Our flow cytometry assay provides a way to measure the fitness effects of extreme-acid exposure to various membrane-soluble organic acids, including plant-derived nutrients and pharmaceutical agents. Therapeutic acids might be devised to control the prevalence of multidrug pumps in environmental and host-associated habitats.
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Dos Santos Barbosa CR, Scherf JR, de Freitas TS, de Menezes IRA, Pereira RLS, Dos Santos JFS, de Jesus SSP, Lopes TP, de Sousa Silveira Z, de Morais Oliveira-Tintino CD, Júnior JPS, Coutinho HDM, Tintino SR, da Cunha FAB. Effect of Carvacrol and Thymol on NorA efflux pump inhibition in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus strains. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2021; 53:489-498. [PMID: 34159523 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-021-09906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Undue exposure to antimicrobials has led to the acquisition and development of sophisticated bacterial resistance mechanisms, such as efflux pumps, which are able to expel or reduce the intracellular concentration of various antibiotics, making them ineffective. Therefore, inhibiting this mechanism is a promising way to minimize the phenomenon of resistance in bacteria. In this sense, the present study sought to evaluate the activity of the Carvacrol (CAR) and Thymol (THY) terpenes as possible Efflux Pump Inhibitors (EPIs), by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the association of these compounds in subinhibitory concentrations with the antibiotic Norfloxacin and with Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) against strains SA-1199 (wild-type) and SA-1199B (overexpresses NorA) of Staphylococcus aureus. In order to verify the interaction of the terpenes with the NorA efflux protein, an in silico molecular modeling study was carried out. The assays used to obtain the MIC of CAR and THY were performed by broth microdilution, while the Efflux Pump inhibitory test was performed by the MIC modification method of the antibiotic Norfloxacin and EtBr. docking was performed using the Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) program. The results of the study revealed that CAR and THY have moderate bacterial activity and are capable of reducing the MIC of Norfloxacin antibiotic and EtBr in strains of S. aureus carrying the NorA efflux pump. The docking results showed that these terpenes act as possible competitive NorA inhibitors and can be investigated as adjuvants in combined therapies aimed at reducing antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jackelyne Roberta Scherf
- Laboratory of Semi-Arid Bioprospecting (LABSEMA), Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato, Brazil
| | - Thiago Sampaio de Freitas
- Laboratory of Simulations and Molecular Spectroscopy (Lasemol), Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato, Brazil
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry (LFQM), Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Luiz Silva Pereira
- Laboratory of Simulations and Molecular Spectroscopy (Lasemol), Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thais Pereira Lopes
- Laboratory of Semi-Arid Bioprospecting (LABSEMA), Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Saulo Relison Tintino
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology (LMBM), Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato, Brazil
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Mutational Activation of Antibiotic-Resistant Mechanisms in the Absence of Major Drug Efflux Systems of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e0010921. [PMID: 33972351 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00109-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations are one of the common means by which bacteria acquire resistance to antibiotics. In an Escherichia coli mutant lacking major antibiotic efflux pumps AcrAB and AcrEF, mutations can activate alternative pathways that lead to increased antibiotic resistance. In this work, we isolated and characterized compensatory mutations of this nature mapping in four different regulatory genes, baeS, crp, hns, and rpoB. The gain-of-function mutations in baeS constitutively activated the BaeSR two-component regulatory system to increase the expression of the MdtABC efflux pump. Missense or insertion mutations in crp and hns caused derepression of an operon coding for the MdtEF efflux pump. Interestingly, despite the dependence of rpoB missense mutations on MdtABC for their antibiotic resistance phenotype, neither the expression of the mdtABCD-baeSR operon nor that of other known antibiotic efflux pumps went up. Instead, the transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data revealed a gene expression profile resembling that of a "stringent" RNA polymerase where protein and DNA biosynthesis pathways were downregulated but pathways to combat various stresses were upregulated. Some of these activated stress pathways are also controlled by the general stress sigma factor RpoS. The data presented here also show that compensatory mutations can act synergistically to further increase antibiotic resistance to a level similar to the efflux pump-proficient parental strain. Together, the findings highlight a remarkable genetic ability of bacteria to circumvent antibiotic assault, even in the absence of a major intrinsic antibiotic resistance mechanism. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens is a chronic health concern. Bacteria possess or acquire various mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, and chief among them is the ability to accumulate beneficial mutations that often alter antibiotic targets. Here, we explored E. coli's ability to amass mutations in a background devoid of a major constitutively expressed efflux pump and identified mutations in several regulatory genes that confer resistance by activating specific or pleiotropic mechanisms.
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Long-read sequencing revealed cooccurrence, host range, and potential mobility of antibiotic resistome in cow feces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2024464118. [PMID: 34161269 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024464118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is well recognized that the environmental resistome is global, diverse, and augmented by human activities, it has been difficult to assess risk because of the inability to culture many environmental organisms, and it is difficult to evaluate risk from current sequence-based environmental methods. The four most important criteria to determine risk are whether the antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) are a complete, potentially functional complement; if they are linked with other resistances; whether they are mobile; and the identity of their host. Long-read sequencing fills this important gap between culture and short sequence-based methods. To address these criteria, we collected feces from a ceftiofur-treated cow, enriched the samples in the presence of antibiotics to favor ARG functionality, and sequenced long reads using Nanopore and PacBio technologies. Multidrug-resistance genes comprised 58% of resistome abundance, but only 0.8% of them were plasmid associated; fluroquinolone-, aminoglycoside-, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-, and β-lactam-resistance genes accounted for 2.7 to 12.3% of resistome abundance but with 19 to 78% located on plasmids. A variety of plasmid types were assembled, some of which share low similarity to plasmids in current databases. Enterobacteriaceae were dominant hosts of antibiotic-resistant plasmids; physical linkage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes (CTX-M, TEM, CMY, and CARB) was largely found with aminoglycoside-, MLS-, tetracycline-, trimethoprim-, phenicol-, sulfonamide-, and mercury-resistance genes. A draft circular chromosome of Vagococcus lutrae was assembled; it carries MLS-, tetracycline- (including tetM and tetL on an integrative conjugative element), and trimethoprim-resistance genes flanked by many transposase genes and insertion sequences, implying that they remain transferrable.
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Alav I, Kobylka J, Kuth MS, Pos KM, Picard M, Blair JMA, Bavro VN. Structure, Assembly, and Function of Tripartite Efflux and Type 1 Secretion Systems in Gram-Negative Bacteria. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5479-5596. [PMID: 33909410 PMCID: PMC8277102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tripartite efflux pumps and the related type 1 secretion systems (T1SSs) in Gram-negative organisms are diverse in function, energization, and structural organization. They form continuous conduits spanning both the inner and the outer membrane and are composed of three principal components-the energized inner membrane transporters (belonging to ABC, RND, and MFS families), the outer membrane factor channel-like proteins, and linking the two, the periplasmic adaptor proteins (PAPs), also known as the membrane fusion proteins (MFPs). In this review we summarize the recent advances in understanding of structural biology, function, and regulation of these systems, highlighting the previously undescribed role of PAPs in providing a common architectural scaffold across diverse families of transporters. Despite being built from a limited number of basic structural domains, these complexes present a staggering variety of architectures. While key insights have been derived from the RND transporter systems, a closer inspection of the operation and structural organization of different tripartite systems reveals unexpected analogies between them, including those formed around MFS- and ATP-driven transporters, suggesting that they operate around basic common principles. Based on that we are proposing a new integrated model of PAP-mediated communication within the conformational cycling of tripartite systems, which could be expanded to other types of assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Alav
- Institute
of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Kobylka
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe Universität
Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Miriam S. Kuth
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe Universität
Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaas M. Pos
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe Universität
Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Picard
- Laboratoire
de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, CNRS
UMR 7099, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
- Fondation
Edmond de Rothschild pour le développement de la recherche
Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jessica M. A. Blair
- Institute
of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Vassiliy N. Bavro
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ United Kingdom
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Abstract
AbstractTetracyclines belong to the first broad-spectrum, well-tolerated, and easy-to-administer antibiotics, which are effective against plague, cholera, typhoid, syphilis, Legionnaire’s disease, and anthrax. Some can also be used to treat malaria, Lyme disease, tuberculosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and leprosy. Humans first encountered these chemical species involuntarily in ancient times, as evidenced from the analysis of bone samples dating back more than 1500 years. Shortly after World War II, they were “rediscovered” at Lederle Laboratories and Pfizer as a result of an intense search for new antibiotics. Their bacteriostatic action is based on the inhibition of protein biosynthesis. Since the structure elucidation by Robert Woodward, Lloyd Hillyard Conover, and others in the 1950s, tetracyclines have become preferred targets for natural product synthesis. However, on industrial scale, they became readily available by fermentation and partial synthesis. Their casual and thoughtless use in the initial decades after launch not only in humans but for veterinary purposes and as growth-enhancement agents in meat production rapidly led to the emergence of resistance. In an arms race for new antibiotics, more and more new drugs have been developed to deal with the threat. In this ongoing endeavor, a remarkable milestone was set by Andrew Myers in 2005 with the convergent total synthesis of (−)-doxycycline, as well as numerous azatetracyclines and pentacyclines, which has inspired chemists in the pharmaceutical industry to discover novel and highly active tetracyclines in recent years.
Graphic abstract
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