1
|
Yang G, Meng Q, Shi J, Zhou M, Zhu Y, You Q, Xu P, Wu W, Lin Z, Lv H. Special tea products featuring functional components: Health benefits and processing strategies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:1686-1721. [PMID: 36856036 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The functional components in tea confer various potential health benefits to humans. To date, several special tea products featuring functional components (STPFCs) have been successfully developed, such as O-methylated catechin-rich tea, γ-aminobutyric acid-rich tea, low-caffeine tea, and selenium-rich tea products. STPFCs have some unique and enhanced health benefits when compared with conventional tea products, which can meet the specific needs and preferences of different groups and have huge market potential. The processing strategies to improve the health benefits of tea products by regulating the functional component content have been an active area of research in food science. The fresh leaves of some specific tea varieties rich in functional components are used as raw materials, and special processing technologies are employed to prepare STPFCs. Huge progress has been achieved in the research and development of these STPFCs. However, the current status of these STPFCs has not yet been systematically reviewed. Here, studies on STPFCs have been comprehensively reviewed with a focus on their potential health benefits and processing strategies. Additionally, other chemical components with the potential to be developed into special teas and the application of tea functional components in the food industry have been discussed. Finally, suggestions on the promises and challenges for the future study of these STPFCs have been provided. This paper might shed light on the current status of the research and development of these STPFCs. Future studies on STPFCs should focus on screening specific tea varieties, identifying new functional components, evaluating health-promoting effects, improving flavor quality, and elucidating the interactions between functional components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaozhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Meng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengxue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiushuang You
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenliang Wu
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haipeng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen B, Zhang W, Lin C, Zhang L. A Comprehensive Review on Beneficial Effects of Catechins on Secondary Mitochondrial Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911569. [PMID: 36232871 PMCID: PMC9569714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main sites for oxidative phosphorylation and synthesis of adenosine triphosphate in cells, and are known as cellular power factories. The phrase "secondary mitochondrial diseases" essentially refers to any abnormal mitochondrial function other than primary mitochondrial diseases, i.e., the process caused by the genes encoding the electron transport chain (ETC) proteins directly or impacting the production of the machinery needed for ETC. Mitochondrial diseases can cause adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis disorder, an increase in oxygen free radicals, and intracellular redox imbalance. It can also induce apoptosis and, eventually, multi-system damage, which leads to neurodegenerative disease. The catechin compounds rich in tea have attracted much attention due to their effective antioxidant activity. Catechins, especially acetylated catechins such as epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), are able to protect mitochondria from reactive oxygen species. This review focuses on the role of catechins in regulating cell homeostasis, in which catechins act as a free radical scavenger and metal ion chelator, their protective mechanism on mitochondria, and the protective effect of catechins on mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This review highlights catechins and their effects on mitochondrial functional metabolic networks: regulating mitochondrial function and biogenesis, improving insulin resistance, regulating intracellular calcium homeostasis, and regulating epigenetic processes. Finally, the indirect beneficial effects of catechins on mitochondrial diseases are also illustrated by the warburg and the apoptosis effect. Some possible mechanisms are shown graphically. In addition, the bioavailability of catechins and peracetylated-catechins, free radical scavenging activity, mitochondrial activation ability of the high-molecular-weight polyphenol, and the mitochondrial activation factor were also discussed.
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu X, Ozawa T, Li Y, Duan J, Zhu K, Huang J, Liu Z, Wang K. Effect of fermentation time and temperature on the of polyphenol compounds change of different Congou black tea. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education Hunan Agricultural University Changsha China
- Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science and Space Breeding Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha China
| | - Tetsuo Ozawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan
| | - Yinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education Hunan Agricultural University Changsha China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients Changsha China
- Co‐Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients Changsha China
| | - Jihua Duan
- Institute of Tea Research Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education Hunan Agricultural University Changsha China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education Hunan Agricultural University Changsha China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients Changsha China
- Co‐Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients Changsha China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education Hunan Agricultural University Changsha China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients Changsha China
- Co‐Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients Changsha China
| | - Keqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education Hunan Agricultural University Changsha China
- Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science and Space Breeding Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seo H, Lee SH, Park Y, Lee HS, Hong JS, Lim CY, Kim DH, Park SS, Suh HJ, Hong KB. (-)-Epicatechin-Enriched Extract from Camellia sinensis Improves Regulation of Muscle Mass and Function: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1026. [PMID: 34202133 PMCID: PMC8300738 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with age represents an important source of frailty and functional decline in the elderly. Antioxidants from botanical extracts have been shown to enhance the development, mass, and strength of skeletal muscle by influencing age-related cellular and molecular processes. Tannase-treated green tea extract contains high levels of the antioxidants (-)-epicatechin (EC) and gallic acid that may have therapeutic benefits for age-related muscle decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tannase-treated green tea extract on various muscle-related parameters, without concomitant exercise, in a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Administration of tannase-treated green tea extract (600 mg/day) for 12 weeks significantly increased isokinetic flexor muscle and handgrip strength in the treatment group compared with those in the placebo (control) group. In addition, the control group showed a significant decrease in arm muscle mass after 12 weeks, whereas no significant change was observed in the treatment group. Blood serum levels of follistatin, myostatin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and cortisol were analyzed, and the decrease in myostatin resulting from the administration of tannase-treated green tea extract was found to be related to the change in muscle mass and strength. In summary, oral administration of tannase-treated green tea extract containing antioxidants without concomitant exercise can improve muscle mass and strength and may have therapeutic benefits in age-related muscle function decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyeong Seo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Seok-Hee Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yooheon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Hee-Seok Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea;
| | - Jeong Sup Hong
- Animal Center and Preclinical Evaluation Research Institute, Yonam College, Cheonan 31005, Korea;
| | - Cho Young Lim
- R&D Center, BTC Corporation, Ansan 15588, Korea; (C.Y.L.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Dong Hyeon Kim
- R&D Center, BTC Corporation, Ansan 15588, Korea; (C.Y.L.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang L, Fu M, Chen J, Fan B, Cao L, Sun Y, Li L, Li S, Lu C, Wang F. Supplementation with embryo chicken egg extract improves exercise performance and exerts anti-fatigue effects via AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway in mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1411-1418. [PMID: 32835411 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embryo chicken egg is a nutritional supplement that has been used to enhance physical fitness and promote wound healing according to traditional Chinese medicine for many years. In this study, we evaluated the effects of embryo chicken egg extract (ECE) on the exercise performance and fatigue in mice and the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS The results indicated that ECE can prolong the exhaustive swimming time, decrease lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen, creatine kinase, and malondialdehyde levels, and increase superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glycogen levels. Additionally, ECE can also regulate the balance of oxidative stress via the adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin signalling pathway. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results showed that ECE can improve exercise performance and reduce physical fatigue in mice, which indicates that ECE can be used as a potential supplement to reduce physical fatigue. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jilan Chen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Cao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liyong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuying Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Black tea accounts for 70-80% of world tea production, and the polyphenols therein are produced by enzymatic oxidation of four tea catechins during tea fermentation. However, only limited groups of dimeric oxidation products, such as theaflavins, theasinensins, and theacitrins, have been isolated from black tea and chemically characterized. This is largely because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the oxidation products. To determine structures and production mechanisms of uncharacterized black tea polyphenols, in vitro model fermentation experiments using pure catechins and polyphenol oxidase have been applied, and basic oxidation mechanisms have been established. Contemporary methods, such as LC-MS, are also effective to identify catechin oxidation products in black tea. Despite ongoing efforts, almost 60% of the solids in black tea infusion remain uncharacterized. These compounds include the so-called thearubigins, which are a heterogeneous mixture of uncharacterized catechin oxidation products with oligomeric structures. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the production mechanisms of representative black tea polyphenols and presents recent progress in characterization of thearubigins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Yosuke Matsuo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu K, Ouyang J, Huang J, Liu Z. Research progress of black tea thearubigins: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1556-1566. [PMID: 32468849 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1762161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
As the most abundant component in black tea, thearubigins (TRs) contribute a lot to black tea's characteristic color, mouthfeel, and potential health benefits. But compared to lower molecular weight black tea polyphenols, there are fewer researches that focus on TRs because of their heterogeneity. This review summarized recent research progress on (1) isolation method of TRs; (2) structure analysis and formation mechanism of TRs; (3) biofunctions of TRs, including antioxidation, antimutagenic and anticancer effects, effects on mitochondrial activation, gastrointestinal motility and skeletal health, to show some future research aspects and prospects of TRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
High-Molecular-Weight Polyphenol-Rich Fraction of Black Tea Does Not Prevent Atrophy by Unloading, But Promotes Soleus Muscle Mass Recovery from Atrophy in Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092131. [PMID: 31500089 PMCID: PMC6770236 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that polyphenol-rich fraction (named E80) promotes skeletal muscle hypertrophy induced by functional overload in mice. This study indicates that E80 has potential for affecting skeletal muscle mass. Then, we evaluate the effect of E80 on atrophic and recovery conditions of skeletal muscle in mice. Hindlimb suspension (unloading) and relanding (reloading) are used extensively to observe disuse muscle atrophy and subsequent muscle mass recovery from atrophy. Eight-week old C57BL/6 mice were fed either a normal diet or a diet containing 0.5% E80 for two weeks under conditions of hindlimb suspension and a subsequent 5 or 10 days of reloading. We found that E80 administration did not prevent atrophy during hindlimb suspension, but promoted recovery of slow-twitch (soleus) muscle mass from atrophy induced by hindlimb suspension. After five days of reloading, we discovered that phosphorylation of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway proteins, such as Akt and P70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K), was activated in the muscle. Therefore, E80 administration accelerated mTOR signal and increased protein synthesis in the reloaded soleus muscle.
Collapse
|