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Azevedo CM, Meira CS, da Silva JW, Moura DMN, de Oliveira SA, da Costa CJ, Santos EDS, Soares MBP. Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products in the Treatment of Schistosomiasis. Molecules 2023; 28:6807. [PMID: 37836650 PMCID: PMC10574020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that 250 million people worldwide are affected by schistosomiasis. Disease transmission is related to the poor sanitation and hygiene habits that affect residents of impoverished regions in tropical and subtropical countries. The main species responsible for causing disease in humans are Schistosoma Mansoni, S. japonicum, and S. haematobium, each with different geographic distributions. Praziquantel is the drug predominantly used to treat this disease, which offers low effectiveness against immature and juvenile parasite forms. In addition, reports of drug resistance prompt the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Natural products represent an important source of new compounds, especially those obtained from plant sources. This review compiles data from several in vitro and in vivo studies evaluating various compounds and essential oils derived from plants with cercaricidal and molluscicidal activities against both juvenile and adult forms of the parasite. Finally, this review provides an important discussion on recent advances in molecular and computational tools deemed fundamental for more rapid and effective screening of new compounds, allowing for the optimization of time and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Machado Azevedo
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (C.M.A.); (C.S.M.)
| | - Cássio Santana Meira
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (C.M.A.); (C.S.M.)
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (J.W.d.S.); (E.d.S.S.)
| | - Jaqueline Wang da Silva
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (J.W.d.S.); (E.d.S.S.)
| | - Danielle Maria Nascimento Moura
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM-FIOCRUZ/PE), Recife 50740-465, Brazil; (D.M.N.M.); (S.A.d.O.); (C.J.d.C.)
| | - Sheilla Andrade de Oliveira
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM-FIOCRUZ/PE), Recife 50740-465, Brazil; (D.M.N.M.); (S.A.d.O.); (C.J.d.C.)
| | - Cícero Jádson da Costa
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM-FIOCRUZ/PE), Recife 50740-465, Brazil; (D.M.N.M.); (S.A.d.O.); (C.J.d.C.)
| | - Emanuelle de Souza Santos
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (J.W.d.S.); (E.d.S.S.)
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (C.M.A.); (C.S.M.)
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (J.W.d.S.); (E.d.S.S.)
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Rangel LS, Gomes KNF, Santos JAA, Faria RX. Bioactivity of substances isolated from natural products on mollusks Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) (Planorbidae): a review. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e266526. [PMID: 37283371 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.266526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by parasitic worms of several species of the genus Schistosoma. Transmission occurs by parasitic larvae that stay in freshwater snails of the genus Biomphalaria. Thus, the search for new products that are biodegradable has increased the interest in products of plant origin. The aim of this article is to review the isolated substances from natural products that showed molluscicidal activity against the species Biomphalaria glabrata in order to reevaluate the most promising prototypes and update the progress of research to obtain a new molluscicide. We perform searches using scientific databases, such as Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Google schoolar, PUBMED, Web of Science and Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS). From 2000 to 2022, using the keywords "isolated substances", "molluscicidal activity" and "Biomphalaria glabrata". In the present study, it was possible to observe 19 promising molluscicidal molecules with a lethal concentration below 20 µg/mL. Of these promising isolates, only 5 isolates had the CL90 calculated and within the value recommended by WHO: Benzoic acid, 2',4',6'-Trihydroxydihydrochalcone, Divaricatic acid, Piplartine and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (Lapachol). We conclude that beyond a few results in the area, the researches don't follow the methodological pattern (exposure time and measure units, toxicity test), in this way, as they don't follow a pattern on the result's exposure (LC), not following, in sum, the recommended by WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Rangel
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - K N F Gomes
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - J A A Santos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - R X Faria
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Yu X, Xi Y, Sui Y, Liu Y, Chen G, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Luo G, Long Y, Yang W. Hydroxide-Mediated S NAr Rearrangement for Synthesis of Novel Depside Derivatives Containing Diaryl Ether Skeleton as Antitumor Agents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114303. [PMID: 37298778 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple and efficient hydroxide-mediated SNAr rearrangement was reported to synthesize new depside derivatives containing the diaryl ether skeleton from the natural product barbatic acid. The prepared compounds were determined using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS, and X-ray crystallographic analysis and were also screened in vitro for cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines and one normal cell line. The evaluation results showed that compound 3b possessed the best antiproliferative activity against liver cancer HepG2 cell line and low toxicity, which made it worth further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yinkai Xi
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yi Sui
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guifen Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Minjie Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guoyong Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yi Long
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wude Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
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Ureña-Vacas I, González-Burgos E, Divakar PK, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Lichen Depsides and Tridepsides: Progress in Pharmacological Approaches. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:116. [PMID: 36675938 PMCID: PMC9866793 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Depsides and tridepsides are secondary metabolites found in lichens. In the last 10 years, there has been a growing interest in the pharmacological activity of these compounds. This review aims to discuss the research findings related to the biological effects and mechanisms of action of lichen depsides and tridepsides. The most studied compound is atranorin, followed by gyrophoric acid, diffractaic acid, and lecanoric acid. Antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities are among the most investigated activities, mainly in in vitro studies, with occasional in silico and in vivo studies. Clinical trials have not been conducted using depsides and tridepsides. Therefore, future research should focus on conducting more in vivo work and clinical trials, as well as on evaluating the other activities. Moreover, despite the significant increase in research work on the pharmacology of depsides and tridepsides, there are many of these compounds which have yet to be investigated (e.g., hiascic acid, lassalic acid, ovoic acid, crustinic acid, and hypothamnolic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena González-Burgos
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Pilar Gómez-Serranillos
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Adenubi OT, Famuyide IM, McGaw LJ, Eloff JN. Lichens: An update on their ethnopharmacological uses and potential as sources of drug leads. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115657. [PMID: 36007717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lichens, a unique symbiotic association between an alga/cyanobacterium and a fungus, produce secondary metabolites that are a promising source of novel drug leads. The beauty and importance of lichens have not been adequately explored despite their manifold biological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antiparasitic. AIM OF THE STUDY The present review collates and discusses the available knowledge on secondary metabolites and biological activities of lichens (in vitro and in vivo). MATERIALS AND METHODS Using relevant keywords (lichens, secondary metabolites, bioactivity, pharmacological activities), five electronic databases, namely ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Recent Literature on Lichens, were searched for past and current scientific contributions up until May 2022. Literature focusing broadly on the bioactivity of lichens including their secondary metabolites were identified and summarized. RESULTS A total of 50 review articles and 189 research articles were searched. Information related to antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and insecticidal activities of 90 lichen species (from 13 families) and 12 isolated metabolites are reported. Over 90% of the studies comprised in vitro investigations, such as bioassays evaluating radical scavenging properties, lipid peroxidation inhibition and reducing power, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial bioassays of lichen species and constituents. In vivo studies were scarce and available only in fish and rats. Most of the studies were done by research groups in Brazil, France, Serbia, India and Turkey. There were relatively few reports from Asia and Africa despite the ubiquitous nature of lichens and the high occurrence in these continents. CONCLUSION Secondary metabolites from lichens are worthy of further investigation in terms of their potential therapeutic applicability, including better understanding of their mechanism(s) of action. This would be of great importance in the search for novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubukola Tolulope Adenubi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Ibukun Michael Famuyide
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| | - Lyndy Joy McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| | - Jacobus Nicolaas Eloff
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
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Caixeta MB, Araújo PS, Pereira AC, Tallarico LDF, Rocha TL. Biomphalaria embryotoxicity test (BET): 60 years of research crossing boundaries for developing standard protocols. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155211. [PMID: 35421466 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Snail's embryotoxicity test is a suitable approach for toxicity assay of traditional and emerging pollutants, environmental risk assessment, as well as screening and development of new molluscicides. Among the snail species, Biomphalaria spp. has been indicated as a promising model system for developing standardized test protocols for assessing the chemical toxicity using early developmental stages. Thus, the current study aimed to review the data available in the scientific literature concerning the experimental approach, type of chemicals and the response of multiple biomarkers (survival, hatching rate, development delays, morphological and behavior changes) in snail embryos applied in toxicity tests. Revised data showed that the use of Biomphalaria embryos to assess chemical toxicity began in 1962. Snail's embryotoxicity test was applied mainly for analyzing the toxicity and development of new molluscicides, while its use in ecotoxicological studies is emerging. Biomphalaria glabrata was the main species analyzed. Embryos exposed to chemicals showed bioaccumulation, mortality, hatching inhibition, development delays, and morphological malformations, which were classified into four categories (hydropic, shell, cephalic and unspecified malformations). Besides, research gaps and recommendations for future research are indicated. Overall, the results showed that the Biomphalaria embryotoxicity test (BET) is a suitable tool for toxicity and health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Batista Caixeta
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Paula Sampaio Araújo
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Aryelle Canedo Pereira
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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7
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Pereira LPLA, Ribeiro ECG, Brito MCA, Araruna FOS, Araruna FB, Leite JAC, Silveira DPB, de Oliveira TM, Cantanhede SPD, Firmo WDCA, Monteiro ODS, Maia JGS, da Franca Rodrigues KA, Coutinho DF. Molluscicidal and cercaricidal activities of the essential oil of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants: Implications for the control of schistosomiasis. Acta Trop 2022; 230:106393. [PMID: 35278368 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the most important tropical diseases. A fundamental strategy to control its spread is the use of natural products against its vectors, which are snails of the genus Biomphalaria. The present study evaluated the chemical composition, the molluscicidal and cercaricidal effects, and the ecotoxicity of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants (DAEO). The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Molluscicidal and cercaricidal activities were determined by the immersion method. Environmental toxicity was assessed from bioassays using Artemia salina larvae and Danio rerio fish. DAEO presented a 0.8% yield. The GC-MS analysis revealed the predominance of hydrocarbon monoterpenes in the oil. A total of 32 constituents was identified, with α-terpinene (50.69%) being the major compound, followed by p-cymene (13.27%) and ascaridole (10.26%). DAEO was active against adult Biomphalaria glabrata snails and demonstrated lethal effect against Schistosoma mansoni cercariae, with LC50 values of 25.2 (22.7-27.8) and 62.4 (61.8-62.9) μg/mL, respectively. Regarding toxicity to non-target aquatic organisms, the oil showed LC50 values of 86.9 (84.7-87.6) and 18.6 μg/mL (15.5-22.8) for A. salina and D. rerio, respectively. DAEO proved to be a promising natural product for the control of schistosomiasis, acting on both the vectors and the etiological agent of the disease. However, the use of the oil is safer in transmission sites where there are no non-target organisms, as it has showed toxicity to D. rerio fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edilene Carvalho Gomes Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Rede Renorbio, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristiane Aranha Brito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Rede Renorbio, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Bastos Araruna
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Rede Renorbio, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - José Antonio Costa Leite
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Taiane Maria de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - José Guilherme Soares Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Fernandes Coutinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Rede Renorbio, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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8
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Silva HAMF, Aires AL, Soares CLR, Siqueira WN, Lima MV, Martins MCB, Albuquerque MCPA, Silva TG, Brayner FA, Alves LC, Melo AMMA, Silva NH. Schistosomicidal effect of divaricatic acid from Canoparmelia texana (Lichen): In vitro evaluation and ultrastructural analysis against adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni. Acta Trop 2021; 222:106044. [PMID: 34273313 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study we evaluated the in vitro effect of divaricatic acid against coupled worms of Schistosoma mansoni. The schistosomicidal effect was evaluated through the bioassay of motility and mortality, cellular viability of the worms and ultrastructural analysis through Scanning Electron Microscopy. To evaluate the cytotoxicity of divaricatic acid, a cell viability assay was performed with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Divaricatic acid proved effect against S. mansoni after 3 hours of exposure. At the end of 24 h the concentrations of 100 - 200 μM presented lethality to the worms. Motility changes were observed at sublethal concentrations. The IC50 obtained by the cell viability assay for S. mansoni was 100.6 μM (96.24 - 105.2 μM). Extensive damage to the worm's tegument was observed such as peeling, erosion, bubbles, edema, damage and loss of tubercles and spines, fissures and tissue ruptures. No cytotoxicity was observed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This report provides data showing the schistosomicidal effect of divaricatic acid on S. mansoni, causing death, motile changes and ultrastructural damage to worms. In addition, divaricatic acid was shown to be non-toxic to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells at concentrations effective on S. mansoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hianna A M F Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária. CEP 50.670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil; Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Biociência, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária. CEP 54740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - André L Aires
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-600, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária. CEP 50.670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Caroline L R Soares
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Biociência, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária. CEP 54740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Williams N Siqueira
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Biociência, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária. CEP 54740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil; Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária. CEP 50.670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maíra V Lima
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Biociência, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária. CEP 54740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil; Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária. CEP 50.670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mônica C B Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária. CEP 50.670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mônica C P A Albuquerque
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-600, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária. CEP 50.670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Teresinha G Silva
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Biociência, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária. CEP 54740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fábio A Brayner
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária. CEP 50.670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil; Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária. CEP 50.670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Alves
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária. CEP 50.670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil; Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária. CEP 50.670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana M M A Melo
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Biociência, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária. CEP 54740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil; Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária. CEP 50.670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Nicácio H Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária. CEP 50.670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Cavalloro V, Marrubini G, Stabile R, Rossi D, Linciano P, Gheza G, Assini S, Martino E, Collina S. Microwave-Assisted Extraction and HPLC-UV-CD Determination of (S)-usnic Acid in Cladonia foliacea. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020455. [PMID: 33467133 PMCID: PMC7830470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the years, many usnic acid (UA) conjugates have been synthesized to obtain potent endowed with biological properties. Since (S)-UA is less abundant in nature than (R)-enantiomer, it is difficult to source, thus precluding a deeper investigation. Among the lichens producing UA, Cladonia foliacea is a valuable (S)-UA source. In the present work, we report on a rapid HPLC-UV/PAD-CD protocol suitable for the analysis and the identification of the main secondary metabolites present in C. foliacea extract. Best results were achieved using XBridge Phenyl column and acetonitrile and water, which were both added with formic acid as mobile phase in gradient elution. By combining analytical, spectroscopical, and chiroptical analysis, the most abundant analyte was unambiguously identified as (S)-UA. Accordingly, a versatile microwave-assisted extractive (MAE) protocol, assisted by a design of experiment (DoE), to quantitatively recover (S)-UA was set up. The best result in terms of UA extraction yield was obtained using ethanol and heating at 80 °C under microwave irradiation for 5 min. Starting from 100 g of dried C. foliacea, 420 mg of (S)-UA were achieved. Thus, our extraction method resulted in a suitable protocol to produce (S)-UA from C. foliacea for biological and pharmaceutical investigation or commercial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cavalloro
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Giorgio Marrubini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.M.); (R.S.); (D.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Rita Stabile
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.M.); (R.S.); (D.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.M.); (R.S.); (D.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Pasquale Linciano
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.M.); (R.S.); (D.R.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Gabriele Gheza
- Department of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Silvia Assini
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Emanuela Martino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.M.); (R.S.); (D.R.); (S.C.)
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Barbatic acid from Cladia aggregata (lichen): Cytotoxicity and in vitro schistosomicidal evaluation and ultrastructural analysis against adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Silva HAMF, Sá JLF, Siqueira WND, Lima MDV, Martins MCB, Aires ADL, Albuquerque MCPDA, Falcão EPDS, Buril MDLL, Pereira EC, Melo AMMDA, Silva NHD. Toxicological effects of Ramalina aspera (lichen) on Biomphalaria glabrata snails and Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Acta Trop 2019; 196:172-179. [PMID: 31082366 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the molluscicidal activities against Biomphalaria glabrata and cercaricidal activities against Schistosoma mansoni of the ether extract of Ramalina aspera were evaluated. Additionally, toxicity parameters were evaluated at sublethal doses in terms of the influence of the extract on the fertility and fecundity of snails, as well as morphological alterations and quantification of their immunological cells. A test with Artemia salina was also carried out, in order to verify the environmental toxicity of the compound. The ether extract of R. aspera, in which divaricatic acid was identified as the major compound, demonstrated molluscicidal activity at low concentrations against both embryos (LC90 of 22.78, 24.23, 16.63 and 16.03 μg mL-1 for the gastrula, blastula, trochophore and veliger, respectively) and against adult snails (LC90 of 8.66 μg mL-1), after 24 h of exposure. At the sublethal doses, it was possible to observe a decrease in fecundity and quantitative and morphological changes in the defense cells of the exposed snails. In addition, the extract of R. aspera showed a cercaricidal effect on S. mansoni from the concentration of 5.0 μg mL-1, while showing low toxicity to Artemia salina. The ether extract of R. aspera demonstrated effective molluscicidal activity on embryos and adult snails of the species B. glabrata, cercariae of S. mansoni, and presenting low toxicity on Artemia salina. In this way, it could be considered a promising compound in the development of future molluscicidal and cercaricidal agents, thus helping to combat schistosomiasis.
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de Araújo HDA, Melo AMMA, Siqueira WN, Martins MCB, Aires AL, Albuquerque MCPA, da Silva NH, Lima VLM. Potassium usnate toxicity against embryonic stages of the snail Biomphalaria glabrata and Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Acta Trop 2018; 188:132-137. [PMID: 30098309 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The snail Biomphalaria glabrata is the most important vector for Schistosoma mansoni. Control of this vector to prevent the spread of schistosomiasis is currently performed with the application of a niclosamide molluscicide, which is highly toxic to the environment. Screening of substances that show embryotoxic molluscicidal potential as well as have detrimental effects on cercariae is very relevant for the control of schistosomiasis, as the efficacy of prevention of the disease is increased if it acts as a molluscicide as well as on the cercariae of S. mansoni. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of potassium usnate derived from usnic acid on different stages of embryonic development of B. glabrata and on S. mansoni cercariae. After 24 h of exposure, potassium usnate showed embryotoxic activity across all embryonic stages. The values obtained from the LC50 for the embryonic stages were the following: blastula 5.22 μg/mL, gastrula 3.21 μg/mL, trochophore 3.58 μg/mL, veliger 2.79, and hippo stage 2.52 μg/mL. Against S. mansoni cercariae, it had LC90 and 100% mortality at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 μg/mL in 2 h of exposure. In conclusion, this is the first report of potassium usnate toxicity on the embryonic stages of B. glabrata and cercariae of S. mansoni, and this study shows the potassium usnate as a promising agent for the control of mansoni schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallysson D A de Araújo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências - CB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, S/N, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Ana M M A Melo
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Biociências - CB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Williams N Siqueira
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Biociências - CB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Mônica C B Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências - CB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, S/N, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - André L Aires
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Centro de Ciência da Saúde - CCS, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, no 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, S/N, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Mônica C P A Albuquerque
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Centro de Ciência da Saúde - CCS, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, no 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, S/N, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Nicácio H da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências - CB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, S/N, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Vera L M Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências - CB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, S/N, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife-PE, Brazil.
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