1
|
Yanagita RC, Suzuki Y, Kawanami Y, Hanaki Y, Irie K. Effect of phenolic-hydroxy-group incorporation on the biological activity of a simplified aplysiatoxin analog with an (R)-(-)-carvone-based core. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:992-998. [PMID: 38936828 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
We synthesized a phenolic hydroxy group-bearing version (1) of a simplified analog of aplysiatoxin comprising a carvone-based conformation-controlling unit. Thereafter, we evaluated its antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines and its binding affinity to protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes. The antiproliferative activity and PKC-binding ability increased with the introduction of the phenolic hydroxy group. The results of molecular dynamics simulations and subsequent relative binding free-energy calculations conducted using an alchemical transformation procedure showed that the phenolic hydroxy group in 1 could form a hydrogen bond with a phospholipid and the PKC. The former hydrogen bonding formation facilitated the partitioning of the compound from water to the phospholipid membrane and the latter compensated for the loss of hydrogen bond with the phospholipid upon binding to the PKC. This information may facilitate the development of rational design methods for PKC ligands with additional hydrogen bonding groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo C Yanagita
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Suzuki
- Division of Applied Biological and Rare Sugar Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kawanami
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hanaki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Research and Development Promotion Organization, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hanaki Y, Shikata Y, Kikumori M, Okamura M, Dan S, Imoto M, Irie K. Invivo anti-cancer activity of 10-methyl-aplog-1, a simplified analog of aplysiatoxin, and its possible signaling pathway associated with G1 arrest. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 675:19-25. [PMID: 37437496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring protein kinase C (PKC) activators such as phorbol esters, teleocidins, and aplysiatoxins, have the potential to become anti-cancer agents, since they are anti-proliferative against specific cancer cell lines in vitro. However, their potent tumor-promoting and proinflammatory activities have hampered their clinical uses. Recently, we developed 10-methyl-aplog-1 (1), a simplified analog of tumor-promoting debromoaplysiatoxin (DAT), which retained anti-proliferative activity comparable to DAT, but induced neither tumorigenesis nor inflammation on mouse skin. Our previous study suggested that PKCα and δ were involved in the cell line-selective anti-proliferative activity of 1, but the downstream signaling of PKC isozymes remained unknown. In this study, we confirmed that 1 inhibited the growth of three aplog-sensitive cancer cell lines (NCI-H460, HCC-2998, and HBC-4) without severe side effects in mice xenograft models. In addition, in vitro analysis using A549, one of the aplog-sensitive cell lines in vitro, revealed that PKCα induced PP2A-mediated attenuation of the Akt/S6 signaling axis. Since S6 inhibition in A549 was reported to result in G1 arrest, this pathway could be involved in the PKCα-dependent anti-proliferative activity of 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hanaki
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | - Yuki Shikata
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kikumori
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Okamura
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Shingo Dan
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Masaya Imoto
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gonda A, Takada K, Yanagita RC, Dan S, Irie K. Effects of side chain length of 10-methyl-aplog-1, a simplified analog of debromoaplysiatoxin, on PKC binding, anti-proliferative, and pro-inflammatory activities. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:168-180. [PMID: 33577665 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
10-Methyl-aplog-1 (1), a simplified analog of debromoaplysiatoxin, exhibits a high binding affinity for protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes and potent antiproliferative activity against several cancer cells with few adverse effects. A recent study has suggested that its phenol group in the side chain is involved in hydrogen bonding and CH/π interactions with the binding cleft-forming loops in the PKCδ-C1B domain. To clarify the effects of the side chain length on these interactions, four analogs of 1 with various lengths of side chains (2-5) were prepared. The maximal PKC binding affinity and antiproliferative activity were observed in 1. Remarkably, the introduction of a bromine atom into the phenol group of 2 increased not only these activities but also proinflammatory activity. These results indicated that 1 has the optimal side chain length as an anticancer seed. This conclusion was supported by docking simulations of 1-5 to the PKCδ-C1B domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Gonda
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Takada
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryo C Yanagita
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Shingo Dan
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Synthesis and biological activities of simplified aplysiatoxin analogs focused on the CH/π interaction. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127657. [PMID: 33130291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Debromoaplysiatoxin (DAT) is a potent protein kinase C (PKC) activator with tumor-promoting and pro-inflammatory activities. Irie and colleagues have found that 10-methyl-aplog-1 (1), a simplified analog of DAT, has strong anti-proliferative activity against several cancer cell lines with few adverse effects. Therefore, 1 is a potential lead compound for cancer therapy. We synthesized a new derivative 2 which has a naphthalene ring at the side chain terminal position instead of a benzene ring, to increase CH/π interactions with Pro-241 of the PKCδ-C1B domain. Based on the synthetic route of 1, 2 was convergently synthesized in 26 linear steps from 6-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid with an overall yield of 0.18%. Although the anti-proliferative activity of 2 was more potent than that of 1, the binding potency of 2 to the PKCδ-C1B domain did not exceed that of 1. Molecular dynamics simulation indicated the capability of 2 to simultaneously form hydrogen bonds and CH/π interactions with the PKCδ-C1B domain. Focusing on the hydrogen bonds, their geometry in the binding modes involving the CH/π interactions seemed to be sub-optimal, which may explain the slightly lower affinity of 2 compared to 1. This study could be of help in optimizing such interactions and synthesizing a promising lead cancer compound.
Collapse
|
5
|
Irie K, Hayakawa K, Hanaki Y, Tokuda H, C. Yanagita R, Nakagawa Y, Okamura M, Dan S. Synthesis and Biological Activities of Acetal Analogs at Position 3 of 10-Methyl-Aplog-1, a Potential Anti-Cancer Lead Derived from Debromoaplysiatoxin. HETEROCYCLES 2018. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(t)37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|