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Ghayour AH, Delavari M, Arbabi M. Antileishmanial effect of podophyllotoxin and podophyllin on Leishmania major in vitro and in vivo. J Parasit Dis 2024; 48:157-162. [PMID: 38440762 PMCID: PMC10908768 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-024-01654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic research is very important in the prevention and treatment of leishmaniasis due to problems such as drug resistance, scarring and disease recurrence. The aim of this study was to determine how Leishmania major responds to the anti-leishmaniasis properties of podophyllotoxin and podophyllin. Cultured Leishmania promastigotes were exposed to different concentrations of podophyllotoxin and podophyllin for 24 and 48 h. Then, during the animal phase, Balb/c mice were experimentally injected with Leishmania promastigotes. After wounding, the effects of 0.5% podophyllotoxin and 25% podophyllin on reducing wound diameter and the number of amastigotes in the wound were evaluated. Podophyllotoxin and podophyllin were 83% and 59% lethal to Leishmania major promastigotes at the highest concentrations (200 µg/ml) and time (48 h). In the in vivo study, the mean lesion diameter at the end of treatment in the negative control group was 15.10 mm compared to 14.21 mm and 11.55 mm in the 25% podophyllin and 0.5% podophyllotoxin groups, respectively. Although both agents reduced the size of mice wounds and the number of amastigotes in the wounds, podophyllotoxin was more effective in this regard. Based on the results, podophyllotoxin and podophyllin can be used as leishmaniasis drugs after further research. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir hossein Ghayour
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahdi Delavari
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohsen Arbabi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Vargas-Villanueva JR, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez F, Garza-Ontiveros M, Nery-Flores SD, Campos-Múzquiz LG, Vazquez-Obregón D, Rodriguez-Herrera R, Palomo-Ligas L. Tubulin as a potential molecular target for resveratrol in Giardia lamblia trophozoites, in vitro and in silico approaches. Acta Trop 2023; 248:107026. [PMID: 37722447 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Giardia lamblia is a globally distributed protozoan parasite that causes intestinal disease. Recently, there is an increase in refractory cases of giardiasis to chemotherapeutic agents, and drugs available cause side effects that may limit its use or cause therapeutic non-compliance. Therefore, search for alternative and less harmful drugs to treat giardiasis is an important task. In this sense, resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenol with a wide range of pharmacological effects such as antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic and antioxidant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of RSV on Giardia lamblia trophozoites in vitro and in silico, focusing on tubulin affectation, a major protein of the Giardia cytoskeleton which participates in relevant processes for cell survival. In vitro determinations showed that RSV inhibits parasite growth and adherence, causes morphological changes, and induces apoptosis-like cell death through tubulin alterations demonstrated by immunolocalization and Western blot assays. Bioinformatic analysis by molecular docking suggested that RSV binds to Giardia tubulin interface heterodimer, sharing binding residues to those reported with depolymerization inhibitors. These findings suggest that RSV affects microtubular dynamics and make it an interesting compound to study for its safety and antigiardiasic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filiberto Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44430, Mexico; División de Salud, Centro Universitario de Tlajomulco, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jalisco, 45641, Mexico
| | - Mariana Garza-Ontiveros
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila. Unidad Saltillo. Saltillo, Coahuila, 25280, Mexico
| | - Sendar Daniel Nery-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila. Unidad Saltillo. Saltillo, Coahuila, 25280, Mexico
| | | | - Dagoberto Vazquez-Obregón
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/ Instituto tecnológico de Saltillo. Departamento de Metal Mecánica. Saltillo, Coahuila 25280, Mexico
| | - Raul Rodriguez-Herrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila. Unidad Saltillo. Saltillo, Coahuila, 25280, Mexico
| | - Lissethe Palomo-Ligas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila. Unidad Saltillo. Saltillo, Coahuila, 25280, Mexico.
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Chemistry and Biological Activities of Naturally Occurring and Structurally Modified Podophyllotoxins. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010302. [PMID: 36615496 PMCID: PMC9822336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants containing podophyllotoxin and its analogues have been used as folk medicines for centuries. The characteristic chemical structures and strong biological activities of this class of compounds attracted attention worldwide. Currently, more than ninety natural podophyllotoxins were isolated, and structure modifications of these molecules were performed to afford a variety of derivatives, which offered optimized anti-tumor activity. This review summarized up to date reports on natural occurring podophyllotoxins and their sources, structural modification and biological activities. Special attention was paid to both structural modification and optimized antitumor activity. It was noteworthy that etoposide, a derivative of podophyllotoxin, could prevent cytokine storm caused by the recent SARS-CoV-2 viral infection.
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Palomo-Ligas L, Estrada-Camacho J, Garza-Ontiveros M, Vargas-Villanueva JR, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez F, Nery-Flores SD, Cañas Montoya JA, Ascacio-Valdés J, Campos-Muzquiz LG, Rodriguez-Herrera R. Polyphenolic extract from Punica granatum peel causes cytoskeleton-related damage on Giardia lamblia trophozoites in vitro. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13350. [PMID: 35502204 PMCID: PMC9055998 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diarrheal diseases caused by protozoa have a great impact on human health around the world. Giardia lamblia is one of the most common flagellates in the intestinal tract. Factors such as adverse effects to first-line drugs or the appearance of drug-resistant strains, make it necessary to identify new treatment alternatives. Agroindustry waste, like pomegranate peel, are a source of phenolic compounds, which possess antiparasitic activities. In vivo studies demonstrated antigiardiasic potential by reducing cyst shedding and protecting intestinal cells; however, they did not identify the compounds or elucidate any mechanism of action in the parasite. The objective of this study is to identify potential molecular targets and to test the in vitro effects of polyphenols from Punica granatum on Giardia lamblia. Methods The in vitro antigiardial potential of polyphenolic extract from pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.) obtained using microwave-ultrasound methodology was evaluated on Giardia lamblia trophozoites. Extract phytochemical identification was performed by HPLC/MS analysis. The effect of polyphenolic extract on growth and adhesion capacity was determined by parasite kinetics; morphological damage was evaluated by SEM, alteration on α-tubulin expression and distribution were analyzed by western blot and immunofluorescence, respectively. Results The pomegranate peel extract showed the presence of ellagitannins (punicalin and punicalagin, galloyl-dihexahydroxydiphenoyl-hexoside), flavones (luteolin), and ellagic acid, that caused an inhibitory effect on growth and adhesion capacity, particularly on cells treated with 200 µg/mL, where growth inhibition of 74.36%, trophozoite adherence inhibition of 46.8% and IC50 of 179 µg/mL at 48 h were demonstrated. The most important findings were that the extract alters α-tubulin expression and distribution in Giardia trophozoites in a concentration-independent manner. Also, an increase in α-tubulin expression at 200 µg/mL was observed in western blot and diffuse or incomplete immunolabeling pattern, especially in ventral disk. In addition, the extract caused elongation, disturbance of normal shape, irregularities in the membrane, and flagella abnormalities. Discussion The pomegranate peel extract affects Giardia trophozoites in vitro. The damage is related to the cytoskeleton, due to expression and distribution alterations in α-tubulin, particularly in the ventral disk, a primordial structure for adhesion and pathogenesis. Microtubule impairment could explain morphological changes, and inhibition of adhesion capacity and growth. Besides, this is the first report that suggests that ellagic acid, punicalin, punicalagin and luteolin could be interactioning with the rich-tubulin cytoskeleton of Giardia. Further investigations are needed in order to elucidate the mechanisms of action of the isolated compounds and propose a potential drug alternative for the giardiasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lissethe Palomo-Ligas
- Departamento de Investigación en Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Job Estrada-Camacho
- Departamento de Investigación en Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Mariana Garza-Ontiveros
- Departamento de Investigación en Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - José Roberto Vargas-Villanueva
- Departamento de Investigación en Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Filiberto Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sendar Daniel Nery-Flores
- Departamento de Investigación en Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Jorge Arturo Cañas Montoya
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Juan Ascacio-Valdés
- Departamento de Investigación en Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Lizeth Guadalupe Campos-Muzquiz
- Departamento de Investigación en Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Raul Rodriguez-Herrera
- Departamento de Investigación en Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
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Zhang Q, Li X, Gao X, Cao C, Hu Y, Guo H. Total saponins from stems and leaves of Panax quinquefolius L. ameliorate podophyllotoxin-induced myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicity. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5266. [PMID: 34648200 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (POD), a natural lignan distributed in podophyllum species, possesses significant antitumor and antiviral activities. But POD often causes serious side effects, such as myelosuppression, gastrointestinal toxicity, neurotoxicity, hepatic and renal dysfunction, and even death, which not only hinder its clinical application but also threaten the patient's health. Therefore, an effective treatment against POD-induced toxicity is important. Our preliminary study found that the total saponins from the stems and leaves of Panax quinquefolius L. (PQS) could significantly reduce the death of mice caused by POD. To reveal how PQS can alleviate POD-induced toxicity, further study was needed. Peripheral blood cell analysis, diarrhea score, and histological examination demonstrated that PQS could relieve myelosuppression and gastrointestinal side effects induced by POD. Then, metabolomics was performed to investigate the possible protective mechanism of PQS on POD-induced myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicity. Metabolomics analysis showed that metabolic changes caused by POD could be reversed by PQS to some extent; 23 metabolites altered significantly after POD exposure, and 11 metabolites significantly reversed by PQS pretreatment. Metabolic pathway analysis suggested that PQS might exhibit its protective effects by rebalancing disordered arginine, glutamine, and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Beijing Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Beijing Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Gao
- Beijing Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunran Cao
- Beijing Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchi Hu
- Beijing Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhu Guo
- Beijing Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Antúnez-Mojica M, Romero-Estrada A, Hurtado-Díaz I, Miranda-Molina A, Alvarez L. Lignans from Bursera fagaroides: Chemistry, Pharmacological Effects and Molecular Mechanism. A Current Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070685. [PMID: 34357057 PMCID: PMC8305812 DOI: 10.3390/life11070685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bursera fagaroides is a medicinal tree endemic to México, it belongs to the Burseraceae family and has proven antitumor activity. Modern research, performed principally with the bark extracts, have indicated that lignans are the main active constituents of B. fagaroides, with a high content of aryltetralin, aryldihydronaphtalene, dibenzylbutirolactone, and dibenzylbutane-type lignans as the constituents of the active extracts. In general, lignans from B. fagaroides exhibited potent anti-cancer activity, although antitumor, anti-bacterial, anti-protozoal, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral properties have also been described. This review covers literature-reported lignans from B. fagaroides, chemical structures, nomenclature, chromatographic techniques of isolation, characterization strategies, and highlights the anti-cancer molecular mechanisms of lignans. Evaluation of the anticancer function of lignans has been extensively investigated since the cytotoxic in vitro results and in vivo assays in mice and zebrafish models to the tubulin molecular recognition by NMR. Also, we discuss the future direction for studying this important plant species and its lignan metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Antúnez-Mojica
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Antonio Romero-Estrada
- Departamento de Madera, Celulosa y Papel, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Km 15.5 Carretera Guadalajara-Nogales, Col. Las Agujas, Zapopan 45100, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.R.-E.); (I.H.-D.)
| | - Israel Hurtado-Díaz
- Departamento de Madera, Celulosa y Papel, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Km 15.5 Carretera Guadalajara-Nogales, Col. Las Agujas, Zapopan 45100, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.R.-E.); (I.H.-D.)
| | - Alfonso Miranda-Molina
- LANEM-Centro de Investigaciones Químicas IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Laura Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Drug resistance in Giardia: Mechanisms and alternative treatments for Giardiasis. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2020; 107:201-282. [PMID: 32122530 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of chemotherapeutic drugs is the main resource against clinical giardiasis due to the lack of approved vaccines. Resistance of G. duodenalis to the most used drugs to treat giardiasis, metronidazole and albendazole, is a clinical issue of growing concern and yet unknown impact, respectively. In the search of new drugs, the completion of the Giardia genome project and the use of biochemical, molecular and bioinformatics tools allowed the identification of ligands/inhibitors for about one tenth of ≈150 potential drug targets in this parasite. Further, the synthesis of second generation nitroimidazoles and benzimidazoles along with high-throughput technologies have allowed not only to define overall mechanisms of resistance to metronidazole but to screen libraries of repurposed drugs and new pharmacophores, thereby increasing the known arsenal of anti-giardial compounds to some hundreds, with most demonstrating activity against metronidazole or albendazole-resistant Giardia. In particular, cysteine-modifying agents which include omeprazole, disulfiram, allicin and auranofin outstand due to their pleiotropic activity based on the extensive repertoire of thiol-containing proteins and the microaerophilic metabolism of this parasite. Other promising agents derived from higher organisms including phytochemicals, lactoferrin and propolis as well as probiotic bacteria/fungi have also demonstrated significant potential for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes in giardiasis. In this context the present chapter offers a comprehensive review of the current knowledge, including commonly prescribed drugs, causes of therapeutic failures, drug resistance mechanisms, strategies for the discovery of new agents and alternative drug therapies.
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Gutiérrez‐Gutiérrez F, Romo‐Mancillas A, Puebla‐Pérez AM, Hernández‐Hernández JM, Castillo‐Romero A. Identification and molecular characterization of the tubulin‐podophyllotoxin‐type lignans binding site on
Giardia lamblia. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 94:2031-2040. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filiberto Gutiérrez‐Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Química Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara México
| | - Antonio Romo‐Mancillas
- Laboratorio de Diseño Asistido por Computadora y Síntesis de Fármacos Facultad de Química Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro Santiago de Querétaro México
| | - Ana María Puebla‐Pérez
- Departamento de Química Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara México
| | - José Manuel Hernández‐Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Celular Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Ciudad de México México
| | - Araceli Castillo‐Romero
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara México
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Domingo LR, Ríos-Gutiérrez M. On the nature of organic electron density transfer complexes within molecular electron density theory. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6478-6488. [PMID: 31218320 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01031a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structural features of a series of organic molecular complexes formed between the strong electrophilic tetracyanoethylene and twelve benzene derivatives with increased nucleophilic character, herein called Electron Density Transfer Complexes (EDTCs), have been studied using Molecular Electron Density Theory. The favourable nucleophilic/electrophilic interactions, which favour the global electron density transfer (GEDT) towards the electrophile, are responsible for the formation of these species. Molecular complexes presenting a GEDT above 0.05e are classified as EDTCs. Analysis of the Parr functions of the separated reagents and the topological analysis of the electron density of the EDTCs allow the understanding of the subtle changes in the electronic structure of this significant class of molecular complexes, and consequently, their physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Domingo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Research Building Jeroni Muñoz, University of Valencia, Dr Moliner 50, ESP-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mar Ríos-Gutiérrez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Research Building Jeroni Muñoz, University of Valencia, Dr Moliner 50, ESP-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Mata R, Figueroa M, Navarrete A, Rivero-Cruz I. Chemistry and Biology of Selected Mexican Medicinal Plants. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 108:1-142. [PMID: 30924013 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01099-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicines are an integral element of alternative medical care in Mexico, and the best testimony to their efficacy and cultural value is their persistence in contemporary Mexican marketplaces where the highest percentages of medicinal and aromatic plants are sold. This chapter summarizes current trends in research on medicinal plants in Mexico, with emphasis on work carried out at the authors' laboratories. The most relevant phytochemical and pharmacological profiles of a selected group of plants used widely for treating major national health problems are described.From this contribution, it is evident that in the last five decades a significant amount of research on medicinal plants has been performed by Mexican scientists. Such efforts have led to the publication of many research papers in noted peer-reviewed journals and technical books. The isolation and structural characterization of hundreds of bioactive secondary metabolites have been accomplished, and most importantly, these studies have tended to support the ethnomedical uses of many different species. A multidisciplinary approach for investigating these plants has led to an increased emphasis on areas such as phytopharmacology, phytotoxicology, quality control, regulation, and conservation issues for these valuable resources. The medicinal plants analyzed so far have shown a very broad chemical diversity of their constituents, which have a high potential for exhibiting novel mechanistic effects biologically. The chapter shows also that there is need to conduct additional clinical studies on herbal drugs, in particular because the longstanding traditional evidence for their safety is not always sufficient to assure their rational use. There is also need to move to "omics" approaches for investigating the holistic effect and the influence of groups of phytochemicals on the whole organism. Mexican scientists may be expected to have bright prospects in this regard, which will imbue medicinal plant research with a new dynamism in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Mata
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Mario Figueroa
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Andrés Navarrete
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Isabel Rivero-Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Antúnez-Mojica M, Rojas-Sepúlveda AM, Mendieta-Serrano MA, Gonzalez-Maya L, Marquina S, Salas-Vidal E, Alvarez L. Lignans from Bursera fagaroides Affect In Vivo Cell Behavior by Disturbing the Tubulin Cytoskeleton in Zebrafish Embryos. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010008. [PMID: 30577489 PMCID: PMC6337621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
By using a zebrafish embryo model to guide the chromatographic fractionation of antimitotic secondary metabolites, seven podophyllotoxin-type lignans were isolated from a hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the steam bark of Bursera fagaroides. The compounds were identified as podophyllotoxin (1), β-peltatin-A-methylether (2), 5′-desmethoxy-β-peltatin-A-methylether (3), desmethoxy-yatein (4), desoxypodophyllotoxin (5), burseranin (6), and acetyl podophyllotoxin (7). The biological effects on mitosis, cell migration, and microtubule cytoskeleton remodeling of lignans 1–7 were further evaluated in zebrafish embryos by whole-mount immunolocalization of the mitotic marker phospho-histone H3 and by a tubulin antibody. We found that lignans 1, 2, 4, and 7 induced mitotic arrest, delayed cell migration, and disrupted the microtubule cytoskeleton in zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, microtubule cytoskeleton destabilization was observed also in PC3 cells, except for 7. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the cytotoxic activity of 1, 2, and 4 is mediated by their microtubule-destabilizing activity. In general, the in vivo and in vitro models here used displayed equivalent mitotic effects, which allows us to conclude that the zebrafish model can be a fast and cheap in vivo model that can be used to identify antimitotic natural products through bioassay-guided fractionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Antúnez-Mojica
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico.
| | | | - Mario A Mendieta-Serrano
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Leticia Gonzalez-Maya
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Silvia Marquina
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Enrique Salas-Vidal
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Laura Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico.
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Missina JM, Gavinho B, Postal K, Santana FS, Valdameri G, de Souza EM, Hughes DL, Ramirez MI, Soares JF, Nunes GG. Effects of Decavanadate Salts with Organic and Inorganic Cations on Escherichia coli, Giardia intestinalis, and Vero Cells. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:11930-11941. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Glaucio Valdameri
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Campus Jardim Botânico, Jardim Botânico, 80210-170 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - David L. Hughes
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel I. Ramirez
- Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, Av. Brazil, Manguinhos, 4365 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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An Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review on Lignans from Mexican Bursera spp. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081976. [PMID: 30096772 PMCID: PMC6222726 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Bursera belongs to the family Burseraceae and has been used in traditional Mexican medicine for treating various pathophysiological disorders. The most representative phytochemicals isolated from this genus are terpenoids and lignans. Lignans are phenolic metabolites known for their antioxidant, apoptotic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, and anti-protozoal properties. Though the genus includes more than 100 species, we have attempted to summarize the biological activities of the 34 lignans isolated from selected Mexican Bursera plants.
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