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de Oliveira GD, da Rocha WRV, Rodrigues JFB, Alves HDS. Synergistic and Antibiofilm Effects of the Essential Oil from Croton conduplicatus (Euphorbiaceae) against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010055. [PMID: 36678551 PMCID: PMC9867205 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance refers to the ability of bacteria to resist the action of some antibiotics due to the development of adaptation and resistance mechanisms. It is a serious public health problem, especially for diseases caused by opportunistic bacteria. In this context, the search for new drugs, used alone or in combination, appears as an alternative for the treatment of microbial infections, and natural products, such as essential oils, are important in this process due to their structural diversity, which increases the probability for antimicrobial action. The objective of this study was to extract and identify the chemical components of the essential oil from Croton conduplicatus (EOCC), to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, to investigate the effect of the interaction between the EOCC and different antibiotics and to evaluate its antibiofilm potential. The EOCC was obtained by hydrodistillation. Based on chemical characterisation, 70 compounds were identified, with 1.8 cineole (13.15%), p-cymene (10.68%), caryophyllene (9.73%) and spathulenol (6.36%) being the major constituents. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of EOCC were 256 and 512 µg mL-1 for methicillin-sensitive and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (MSSA and MRSA), respectively. The combinations of EOCC with the antibiotics oxacillin and ampicillin were synergistic (OXA/EOCC and AMP/EOCC combined decreased the OXA MIC and AMP MIC to 0.5 and 0.25 for MSSA, respectively, and OXA/EOCC and AMP/EOCC combined decreased the OXA MIC and the AMP MIC to 1 and 0.5 for MRSA, respectively) and could modify the resistance profile of MSSA and MRSA strains. The results indicated that EOCC was also able to partially inhibit biofilm formation. Our study presents important information about the chemical composition of EOCC and its antimicrobial potential and provides a reference to determine the mechanisms of action of EOCC and its use in pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genil Dantas de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Wilma Raianny Vieira da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
| | - José Filipe Bacalhau Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil
| | - Harley da Silva Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-83-98790-9234
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Lopes KS, Sousa HG, Artur E Silva Filho F, da Silva Neta ER, de Lima SG, Dos Santos Rocha M, Marques RB, da Costa CLS, de Oliveira AN, Bezerra DGP, Alline Martins F, de Almeida PM, Uchôa VT, Martins Maia Filho AL. Identification of bioactive compounds and cytogenotoxicity of the essential oil from the leaves of Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:1002-1018. [PMID: 36415179 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2146618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth, popularly known as "quince" and "velame," contains a high concentration of volatile oils in the leaves, and widely used in folk medicine as an antiseptic, analgesic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic and local anesthetic. The objectives of this investigation were to (1) identify the phytochemical compounds and (2) assess the cytogenotoxicity of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of C. heliotropiifolius Kunth. The oil was extracted utilizing hydrodistillation and phytochemical profile determined using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GCMS). In the toxicogenetics analysis, Allium cepa roots were exposed to 1% dimethylsulfoxide or methylmethanesulfonate (MMS, 10 µg/ml) negative and positive controls, respectively, and to C. heliotropiifolius oil at 6 concentrations (0.32; 1.6; 8; 40; 200 or 1000 µg/ml). The phytochemical profile exhibited 40 chromatographic bands, and 33 compounds identified. α-pinene (16.7%) and 1,8-cineole (13.81%) were identified as the major compounds. Some of these identified secondary metabolites displayed biological and pharmacological activities previously reported including antiseptic, analgesic, sedative, anti-inflammatory as well insecticidal, antiviral, anti-fungal actions. In the A. cepa test, C. heliotropiifolius leaves oil induced cytotoxicity at concentrations of 0.32, 1.6 or 200 µg/ml and genotoxicity at 200 or 1000 µg/ml as evidenced by increased presence of micronuclei and significant chromosomal losses. Based upon our observations data demonstrated that the essential oil of C. heliotropiifolius leaves contain monoterpene hydrocarbons, and oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes which are associated with cytotoxic and genotoxic responses noted in on A. cepa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katianne Soares Lopes
- Graduate Program in Chemistry/PPGQ-GERATEC-DQ - State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rosemarie Brandim Marques
- Graduate Program in Chemistry/PPGQ-GERATEC-DQ - State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Research Center in Biotechnology and Biodiversity - State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - André Nunes de Oliveira
- Research Center in Biotechnology and Biodiversity - State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pedro Marcos de Almeida
- Graduate Program in Chemistry/PPGQ-GERATEC-DQ - State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Research Center in Biotechnology and Biodiversity - State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio Luiz Martins Maia Filho
- Graduate Program in Chemistry/PPGQ-GERATEC-DQ - State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Research Center in Biotechnology and Biodiversity - State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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Pharmacotechnological Advances for Clinical Translation of Essential Oils for the Treatment of Pain and Agitation in Severe Dementia. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10071340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for natural products is steadily increasing, and pharmacotechnological engineering is needed to allow rigorous investigation of their efficacy and safety in clinical conditions representing still unmet needs. Among aged patients affected by dementia, up to 80% of residents in nursing homes suffer from chronic pain and 97% from fluctuant neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), of which the most challenging is agitation. It is, at least in part, due to undertreated pain and treated with antipsychotics almost doubling the risk of death. In the frame of a scoping review assessing the existence of essential oils undergoing engineering pharmacotechnological processes using solid lipid nanoparticle delivery systems for clinical translation in pain and/or neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), here we identified that the sole essential oil engineered to overcome the criticisms of aromatherapy clinical trials in pain and dementia is the essential oil of bergamot (BEO). Therefore, we present the process leading to the actually ongoing randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled NCT04321889 clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of intervention with bergamot in the management of agitation and pain in severe dementia to be followed also for the proof of concept of efficacy and safety of other essential oils.
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Zare F, Hassanpour S, Asghari A, Jahandideh A. Anti-nociceptive Activity of Quebracho tannin Extract on Pain Induced by Formalin and Writhing Tests in Mice. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/ajmb.2021.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Based on positive role of the tannins for pain relief, there is no report for possible antinociceptive activity of the Quebracho tannin. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the anti-nociceptive activity of the Quebracho tannin extract (QTE) on pain in mice. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 340 mice were used for formalin and writhing tests each including 4 experiments with 4 sub-groups. In experiment 1, mice were injected with saline, QTE (100 mg/kg), QTE (200 mg/kg), QTE (400 mg/kg), and morphine (5 mg/kg). In the second experiment, injections included saline, QTE (400 mg/kg), naloxone (2 mg/kg), and QTE + naloxone. Experiments 3 and 4 were similar to experiment 2, except that mice injected were with NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 mg/kg) and cyproheptadine (4 mg/kg) instead of naloxone. Then, formalin (1%) was injected, and time spent for licking the injected paw was recorded until 30 minutes following injection in the first and second phases. Finally, injections in 4 experiment groups were the same, and animals were intraperitoneally injected with acetic acid, and contractions were recorded in the writhing test category. Results: According to the results, QTE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) decreased pain in the injected paw (P=0.001) and inhibited the pain response by 59.37% (P=0.001). Moreover, the injection of naloxone + QTE significantly decreased pain in the injected paw (P=0.021). Eventually, the injection of the L-NAME + QTE significantly reduced the anti-nociception effect of the QTE on the formalin test (P=0.031) and writhing contractions (55.75%, P=0.033). Conclusion: These findings suggested anti-nociceptive properties of the QTE mediated by opioidergic and nitrergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zare
- Graduate Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Hassanpour
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Asghari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Jahandideh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Scuteri D, Hamamura K, Sakurada T, Watanabe C, Sakurada S, Morrone LA, Rombolà L, Tonin P, Bagetta G, Corasaniti MT. Efficacy of Essential Oils in Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Evidence. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:640128. [PMID: 33732159 PMCID: PMC7957371 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.640128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The demand for essential oils (EOs) has been steadily growing over the years. This is mirrored by a substantial increase in research concerned with EOs also in the field of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The purpose of this present systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the preclinical evidence in favor of the working hypothesis of the analgesic properties of EOs, elucidating whether there is a consistent rational basis for translation into clinical settings. Methods: A literature search has been conducted on databases relevant for medical scientific literature, i.e., PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science from database inception until November 2, 2020, following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) criteria for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Results: The search was conducted in order to answer the following PICOS (participants/population, interventions, comparisons, outcomes, and study design) question: are EOs efficacious in reducing acute nociceptive pain and/or neuropathic pain in mice experimental models? The search retrieved 2,491 records, leaving 954 studies to screen after the removal of duplicates. The title and abstract of all 954 studies were screened, which left 127 records to evaluate in full text. Of these, 30 articles were eligible for inclusion. Conclusion: Most studies (27) assessed the analgesic properties of EOs on acute nociceptive pain models, e.g. the acetic acid writhings test, the formalin test, and the hot plate test. Unfortunately, efficacy in neuropathic pain models, which are a more suitable model for human conditions of chronic pain, had fewer results (only three studies). Moreover, some methodologies raised concerns in terms of the risk of bias. Therefore, EOs with proven efficacy in both types of pain were corroborated by methodologically consistent studies, like the EO of bergamot, which should be studied in clinical trials to enhance the translational impact of preclinical modeling on clinical pain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiana Scuteri
- Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.,Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, Crotone, Italy
| | - Kengo Hamamura
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sakurada
- Center for Supporting Pharmaceutical Education, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chizuko Watanabe
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinobu Sakurada
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Luigi Antonio Morrone
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Laura Rombolà
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Paolo Tonin
- Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, Crotone, Italy
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Tiziana Corasaniti
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,School of Hospital Pharmacy, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Souza MA, Scapinello J, Guzatti JG, Scatolin M, Martello R, Schindler MS, Calisto JF, Alves B, Morgan LV, Oliveira JV, Magro JD, Müller LG. Antinociceptive effect and mechanism of supercritical carbon dioxide extract of Aloysia gratissima leaves in mice. Biomed J 2020; 44:S63-S72. [PMID: 35747996 PMCID: PMC9038947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A. gratissima is a shrub used in folk medicine as analgesic and sedative. However, studies on its antinociceptive activity are scarce. This research aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of a supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) extract of A. gratissima leaves (EAG) in mice. Methods A. gratissima leaves were subjected to extraction with supercritical CO2 (60 °C, 200 bar). The chemical composition of EAG was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The antinociceptive profile of the extract (1, 10 and 30 mg/kg, p.o.) was established using acetic acid-induced abdominal contraction tests and formalin-induced paw-licking tests. The open field and rota-rod tests were used to evaluate a possible interference of EAG on mice motor performance. The contribution of the opioid system and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) sensitive K+ channels in the mechanism(s) of EAG action was evaluated by specific receptor blockers. EAG's acute toxicity was investigated using OECD 423 guideline. Results The GC–MS revealed the presence of sesquiterpenes (guaiol and pinocamphone) in the EAG. Doses of 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg significantly reduced the number of abdominal writhes and paw licking time in mice in the formalin test. The EAG did not affect the locomotor activity and motor coordination of the mice. The antinociceptive effect of the EAG was prevented by glibenclamide in the mice formalin test, unlike naloxone pre-treatment. The acute administration of EAG caused no mortality. Conclusion A. gratissima leaves possess antinociceptive effect, mediated by K+ channels sensitive to ATP.
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Assis DB, Aragão Neto HDC, da Fonsêca DV, de Andrade HHN, Braga RM, Badr N, Maia MDS, Castro RD, Scotti L, Scotti MT, de Almeida RN. Antinociceptive Activity of Chemical Components of Essential Oils That Involves Docking Studies: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:777. [PMID: 32547391 PMCID: PMC7272657 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pain is considered an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience, being considered as one of the most important causes of human suffering. Computational chemistry associated with bioinformatics has stood out in the process of developing new drugs, through natural products, to manage this condition. OBJECTIVE To analyze, through literature data, recent molecular coupling studies on the antinociceptive activity of essential oils and monoterpenes. DATA SOURCE Systematic search of the literature considering the years of publications between 2005 and December 2019, in the electronic databases PubMed and Science Direct. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Were considered as criteria of 1) Biological activity: non-clinical effects of an OE and/or monoterpenes on antinociceptive activity based on animal models and in silico analysis, 2) studies with plant material: chemically characterized essential oils and/or their constituents isolated, 3) clinical and non-clinical studies with in silico analysis to assess antinociceptive activity, 4) articles published in English. Exclusion criteria were literature review, report or case series, meta-analysis, theses, dissertations, and book chapter. RESULTS Of 16,006 articles, 16 articles fulfilled all the criteria. All selected studies were non-clinical. The most prominent plant families used were Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Verbenaceae, Lamiaceae, and Lauraceae. Among the phytochemicals studied were α-Terpineol, 3-(5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-N'-[2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene] propane hydrazide, β-cyclodextrin complexed with citronellal, (-)-α-bisabolol, β-cyclodextrin complexed with farnesol, and p-Cymene. The softwares used for docking studies were Molegro Virtual Docker, Sybyl®X, Vlife MDS, AutoDock Vina, Hex Protein Docking, and AutoDock 4.2 in PyRx 0.9. The molecular targets/complexes used were Nitric Oxide Synthase, COX-2, GluR2-S1S2, TRPV1, β-CD complex, CaV1, CaV2.1, CaV2.2, and CaV2.3, 5-HT receptor, delta receptor, kappa receptor, and MU (μ) receptor, alpha adrenergic, opioid, and serotonergic receptors, muscarinic receptors and GABAA opioid and serotonin receptors, 5-HT3 and M2 receptors. Many of the covered studies used molecular coupling to investigate the mechanism of action of various compounds, as well as molecular dynamics to investigate the stability of protein-ligand complexes. CONCLUSIONS The studies revealed that through the advancement of more robust computational techniques that complement the experimental studies, they may allow some notes on the identification of a new candidate molecule for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davidson Barbosa Assis
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo Vilar da Fonsêca
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Humberto Hugo Nunes de Andrade
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Renan Marinho Braga
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Nader Badr
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Mayara dos Santos Maia
- Cheminformatics Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dias Castro
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Cheminformatics Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Cheminformatics Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Nóbrega de Almeida
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Mohammadifard F, Alimohammadi S. Chemical Composition and Role of Opioidergic System in Antinociceptive Effect of Ziziphora Clinopodioides Essential Oil. Basic Clin Neurosci 2018; 9:357-366. [PMID: 30719250 PMCID: PMC6360493 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.5.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Ziziphora Clinopodioides has been used widely for various therapeutic purposes in Iranian folk medicine. The current study aimed to determine interaction of antinociceptive effect of the Essential Oil of Ziziphora Clinopodioides (EOZC) and opioidergic system in male rats using formalin test. Methods: Sixty-four male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups. The groups 1 to 7 were injected with normal saline, vehicle (Tween-80, 0.5%), 10, 20, 40 mg/kg of the EOZC, morphine (5 mg/kg) and naloxone (2 mg/kg), respectively. Thirty minutes later, the formalin test was performed by intraplantar injection of formalin (50 μL, 2%). In group 8, naloxone (2 mg/kg) was injected 15 min before injection of EOZC (20 mg/kg), followed by formalin at 15 min later. The formalin test was done as time spent for licking and biting of the injected paw. Formalin induced a biphasic pain reaction. The chemical composition of EOZC was identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: EOZC (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) dose dependently and morphine (5 mg/kg) reduced pain responses in the both phases of pain (P<0.05). Naloxone (2 mg/kg) alone had no effect on the severity of pain (P>0.05) but pretreatment with naloxone inhibited EOZC-induced antinociception activity (P<0.05). Based on the GC-MS results, EOZC comprised 65.22% carvacrol, 19.51% thymol, 4.86% p-cymene and 4.63% γ-terpinene. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that EOZC has antinociceptive effect and this effect might mediate via opioidergic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Mohammadifard
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samad Alimohammadi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Oliveira Júnior RGD, Ferraz CAA, Silva JC, de Andrade Teles RB, Silva MG, Diniz TC, Dos Santos US, de Souza AVV, Nunes CEP, Salvador MJ, Lorenzo VP, Quintans Júnior LJ, Almeida JRGDS. Neuropharmacological effects of essential oil from the leaves of Croton conduplicatus Kunth and possible mechanisms of action involved. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 221:65-76. [PMID: 29627297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Croton conduplicatus Kunth (Euphorbiaceae) is a Brazilian aromatic medicinal plant, widely known as "quebra-faca". In folk medicine, its leaves and stem-barks are used as a natural analgesic for the treatment of headaches. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we describe for the first time the neuropharmacological potential of the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Croton conduplicatus (EO) in experimental models of pain, anxiety and insomnia. The mechanisms of action involved in these activities were also investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Different experimental models were used to evaluate the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin-induced nociception and hot plate tests), anxiolytic (elevated plus maze and hole board tests) and sedative (thiopental-induced sleeping time) effects of EO in mice. EO was evaluated in three different doses (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) and compared with positive and negative controls in all experimental protocols. When appropriate, animals were pretreated with pharmacological antagonists (naloxone, atropine and flumazenil) in order to evaluate the mechanisms of action involved. A docking study also was performed to identify possible targets involved. RESULTS EO (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) demonstrated a significant antinociceptive activity in all experimental models. Pretreatment with naloxone or atropine reversed the antinociceptive response (p < 0.05), suggesting the involvement of opioid and muscarinic receptors, respectively. A docking study was performed with the major components identified in EO (1,8 cineole - 21.42%, spathulenol - 15.47%, p-cymene - 12.41% and caryophyllene oxide - 12.15%), demonstrating favorable interaction profile with different subtypes of muscarinic (M2, M3 and M4) and opioids (delta and mu) receptors. EO also showed anxiolytic (mainly at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) and sedative (only at the dose of 100 mg/kg, i.p.) effects in mice. These pharmacological responses were reversed by flumazenil (p < 0.05), indicating possible involvement of GABAA receptors. CONCLUSION Our findings support the traditional use of this plant as a natural analgesic and suggest that EO is a multi-target natural product, presenting not only antinociceptive effect but also anxiolytic and sedative activities depending on the dose used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimundo Gonçalves de Oliveira Júnior
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas de Plantas Medicinais (NEPLAME), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Christiane Adrielly Alves Ferraz
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas de Plantas Medicinais (NEPLAME), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Juliane Cabral Silva
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas de Plantas Medicinais (NEPLAME), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Roxana Braga de Andrade Teles
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas de Plantas Medicinais (NEPLAME), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gama Silva
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas de Plantas Medicinais (NEPLAME), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Tâmara Coimbra Diniz
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas de Plantas Medicinais (NEPLAME), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Uiliane Soares Dos Santos
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Semiárido (EMBRAPA-Semiárido), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcos José Salvador
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Prates Lorenzo
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sertão Pernambucano, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
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