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Multicomponent Molecular Systems Based on Porphyrins, 1,3,5-Triazine and Carboranes: Synthesis and Characterization. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196200. [PMID: 36234729 PMCID: PMC9572311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
2,4,6-Trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (cyanuric chloride) is an excellent coupling reagent for the preparation of highly structured multifunctional molecules. Three component systems based on porphyrin, cyanuric chloride and carborane clusters were prepared by a one-pot stepwise amination of cyanuric chloride with 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin, followed by replacement of the remaining chlorine atoms with carborane S- or N-nucleophiles. Some variants of 1,3,5-triazine derivatives containing porphyrin, carborane and residues of biologically active compounds such as maleimide, glycine methyl ester as well as thioglycolic acid, mercaptoethanol and hexafluoroisopropanol were also prepared. A careful control of the reaction temperature during the substitution reactions will allow the synthesis of desired compounds in a good to high yields. The structures of synthesized compounds were determined with UV-vis, IR, 1H NMR, 11B NMR, MALDI-TOF or LC-MS spectroscopic data. The dark and photocytotoxicity as well as intracellular localization and photoinduced cell death for compounds 8, 9, 17, 18 and 24 were evaluated.
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Mikulová MB, Kružlicová D, Pecher D, Petreni A, Supuran CT, Mikuš P. Synthesis and Inhibition Activity Study of Triazinyl-Substituted Amino(alkyl)-benzenesulfonamide Conjugates with Polar and Hydrophobic Amino Acids as Inhibitors of Human Carbonic Anhydrases I, II, IV, IX, and XII. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11283. [PMID: 34681940 PMCID: PMC8537140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary sulfonamide derivatives with various heterocycles represent the most widespread group of potential human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) inhibitors with high affinity and selectivity towards specific isozymes from the hCA family. In this work, new 4-aminomethyl- and aminoethyl-benzenesulfonamide derivatives with 1,3,5-triazine disubstituted with a pair of identical amino acids, possessing a polar (Ser, Thr, Asn, Gln) and non-polar (Ala, Tyr, Trp) side chain, have been synthesized. The optimized synthetic, purification, and isolation procedures provided several pronounced benefits such as a short reaction time (in sodium bicarbonate aqueous medium), satisfactory yields for the majority of new products (20.6-91.8%, average 60.4%), an effective, well defined semi-preparative RP-C18 liquid chromatography (LC) isolation of desired products with a high purity (>97%), as well as preservation of green chemistry principles. These newly synthesized conjugates, plus their 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide analogues prepared previously, have been investigated in in vitro inhibition studies towards hCA I, II, IV and tumor-associated isozymes IX and XII. The experimental results revealed the strongest inhibition of hCA XII with low nanomolar inhibitory constants (Kis) for the derivatives with amino acids possessing non-polar side chains (7.5-9.6 nM). Various derivatives were also promising for some other isozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Bodnár Mikulová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.M.); (D.K.); (D.P.)
| | - Dáša Kružlicová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.M.); (D.K.); (D.P.)
| | - Daniel Pecher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.M.); (D.K.); (D.P.)
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Petreni
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Peter Mikuš
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.M.); (D.K.); (D.P.)
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Mikulová MB, Kružlicová D, Pecher D, Supuran CT, Mikuš P. Synthetic Strategies and Computational Inhibition Activity Study for Triazinyl-Substituted Benzenesulfonamide Conjugates with Polar and Hydrophobic Amino Acids as Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3661. [PMID: 32456080 PMCID: PMC7279466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Various sulfonamide derivatives are intensively studied as anticancer agents owing to their inhibitory activity against human tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase isoforms. In this work, different synthetic procedures for the series of 1,3,5-triazinyl-aminobenzenesulfonamide conjugates with amino acids, possessing polar uncharged, negatively charged, and hydrophobic side chain, were studied and optimized with respect to the yield/purity of the synthesis/product as well as the time of synthetic reaction. These procedures were compared to each other via characteristic HPLC-ESI-DAD/QTOF/MS analytical product profiles, and their benefits as well as limitations were discussed. For new sulfonamide derivatives, incorporating s-triazine with a symmetric pair of polar and some less-polar proteinogenic amino acids, inhibition constants (KIs) against four human carboanhydrases (hCAs), namely cytosolic hCA I, II, transmembrane hCA IV, and the tumor-associated, membrane-bound hCA IX isoforms, were computationally predicted applying various methods of the advanced statistical analysis. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis indicated an impressive KI ratio (hCA II/hCA IX) 139.1 and hCA IX inhibition constant very similar to acetazolamide (KI = 29.6 nM) for the sulfonamide derivative disubstituted with Gln. The derivatives disubstituted with Ser, Thr, and Ala showed even lower KIs (8.7, 13.1, and 8.4 nM, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Bodnár Mikulová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.M.); (D.K.); (D.P.)
| | - Dáša Kružlicová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.M.); (D.K.); (D.P.)
| | - Daniel Pecher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.M.); (D.K.); (D.P.)
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Peter Mikuš
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.M.); (D.K.); (D.P.)
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Mikuš P, Krajčiová D, Mikulová M, Horváth B, Pecher D, Garaj V, Bua S, Angeli A, Supuran CT. Novel sulfonamides incorporating 1,3,5-triazine and amino acid structural motifs as inhibitors of the physiological carbonic anhydrase isozymes I, II and IV and tumor-associated isozyme IX. Bioorg Chem 2018; 81:241-252. [PMID: 30153589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A new series of thirty s-triazinyl-substituted aminoalkylbenzenesulfonamides, incorporating a symmetric pair of amino acid moieties, is reported, together with inhibition studies of physiologically relevant human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms. Specifically, against the cytosolic hCA I, II, transmembrane hCA IV and the tumor-associated, membrane-bound hCA IX. The compounds were prepared by nucleophilic substitution of chlorine atoms from cyanuric chloride (2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine) using environmentally friendly water-based synthetic conditions. The products yields ranged in the interval of 43-97%. Purity of the products was verified by the HPLC-DAD-ESI-Q-TOF MS method. Identity of the products was confirmed by the same method plus NMR and IR. The products showed weak inhibition of the cytosolic, off-target isozyme hCA II, but some of them were low nanomolar (i.e. strong) inhibitors of the tumor-associated hCA IX. The series offered representatives selective towards isozymes hCA I, IV and IX. 2,2'-((6-((4-sulfamoylphenethyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(imino))disuccinic acid demonstrated highest selectivity to the tumor-associated isoform hCA IX over off-target isozymes, with impressive KI ratio (hCA II/hCA IX) 213.9 and inhibition constant equal to acetazolamide (KI = 25.8 nM). Although the selectivities of some other products, e.g. those conjugating Leu and Glu, were a bit lower (188.7 and 84.3, respectively) their inhibition constants were similar to acetazolamide too (24.0 and 27.1, respectively). The selected most impressive results from the inhibition study were interpreted via molecular modeling experiment (docking in Glide) revealing different inter-molecular enzyme-substrate interaction of 2,2'-((6-((4-sulfamoylphenethyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(imino))disuccinic acid within specific hCA IX and hCA II microregions. Therefore, several selected compounds from this study can be considered as highly effective and selective inhibitors of hCA IX, worthy to further (preclinical) investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mikuš
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicological and Antidoping Centre, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Dominika Krajčiová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Mária Mikulová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Branislav Horváth
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Daniel Pecher
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicological and Antidoping Centre, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Vladimír Garaj
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicological and Antidoping Centre, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Silvia Bua
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy.
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy.
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Abstract
The sulfonamides and their structurally related derivatives, such as the sulfamates and sulfamides, possess the general formula A-SO2NHR, in which the functional group is either directly bound to an aromatic, heterocyclic, aliphatic, or sugar scaffold (of type A), or appended to such a scaffold via a heteroatom, most frequently oxygen or nitrogen (leading thus to sulfamates and sulfamides, respectively) [...].
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