Four New Glycosides from the Rhizoma of Anemarrhena asphodeloides

New Steroidal Saponins from the Rhizomes of Paris vietnamensis and Their Cytotoxicity

Four new spirostanol saponins, named pavitnosides A–D (1–4), with six known steroidal saponins 5–10 were isolated from the rhizomes of Paris vietnamensis. Their chemical structures were determined based on extensive spectroscopic studies and chemical methods. The aglycones of pavitnoside B and pavitnoside C were not reported in previous work. The cytotoxicity of all saponins was evaluated against human glioblastoma U87MG and U251 cell lines. The new spirostanol saponin 1 displayed weak anti-proliferative activity against U87MG cell line and the known saponins 8 and 9 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the two tumor cell lines, with IC₅₀ values of 2.16 to 3.14 μM, but did not affect the growth of primary cultures of human astrocytes.