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Bleul R, Baki A, Freese C, Paysen H, Kosch O, Wiekhorst F. Continuously manufactured single-core iron oxide nanoparticles for cancer theranostics as valuable contribution in translational research. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:4510-4521. [PMID: 36132895 PMCID: PMC9417974 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00343c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Micromixer technology was used to manufacture magnetic single core iron oxide nanoparticles that combine imaging as well as therapeutic functions. In a continuous, scalable and highly controllable manner, synthesis with biocompatible educts via an aqueous synthesis route was performed. Size control by varying relevant process parameters e.g. temperature was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy measurements of experimental series demonstrating the exceptional size control and homogeneity. Furthermore, analytical centrifugation evidenced the stably dispersed state of the single core nanoparticles in aqueous media. Size controlled production of single-core iron oxide nanoparticles was used to design optimized nanoparticles with a core diameter of about 30 nm, showing high signal amplitudes in Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) as a promising MPI tracer material. Moreover, therapeutic potential of these particles in magnetic fluid hyperthermia was evaluated and specific absorption rates (SAR values) up to 1 kW per g(Fe) were obtained, which exceed the comparable SAR value of Resovist® by more than a factor of three. Relaxometry measurements clearly confirmed the capacity of these single-core magnetic nanoparticles to generate significant T 2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast that potentially allows multimodal imaging for monitoring the particles in vivo in a theranostic application scenario. Finally, first cell viability and apoptosis tests on endothelial cells did not show any cytotoxicity certifying a good biocompatibility of the iron oxide nanoparticles. This microtechnological approach provides reproducible, scalable single core iron oxide nanoparticles as highly performing tracers for MPI diagnosis as well as efficient heat generators for hyperthermia therapy. These preliminary results contribute to translational research in image guided cancer therapy - a further step from basic research to future medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Bleul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems (IMM) Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 18-20 55129 Mainz Germany
| | - Abdulkader Baki
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems (IMM) Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 18-20 55129 Mainz Germany
| | - Christian Freese
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems (IMM) Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 18-20 55129 Mainz Germany
| | - Hendrik Paysen
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Abbestr. 2-12 10587 Berlin Germany
| | - Olaf Kosch
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Abbestr. 2-12 10587 Berlin Germany
| | - Frank Wiekhorst
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Abbestr. 2-12 10587 Berlin Germany
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Dadfar SM, Camozzi D, Darguzyte M, Roemhild K, Varvarà P, Metselaar J, Banala S, Straub M, Güvener N, Engelmann U, Slabu I, Buhl M, van Leusen J, Kögerler P, Hermanns-Sachweh B, Schulz V, Kiessling F, Lammers T. Size-isolation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles improves MRI, MPI and hyperthermia performance. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:22. [PMID: 31992302 PMCID: PMC6986086 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-0580-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) are extensively used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic particle imaging (MPI), as well as for magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). We here describe a sequential centrifugation protocol to obtain SPION with well-defined sizes from a polydisperse SPION starting formulation, synthesized using the routinely employed co-precipitation technique. Transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and nanoparticle tracking analyses show that the SPION fractions obtained upon size-isolation are well-defined and almost monodisperse. MRI, MPI and MFH analyses demonstrate improved imaging and hyperthermia performance for size-isolated SPION as compared to the polydisperse starting mixture, as well as to commercial and clinically used iron oxide nanoparticle formulations, such as Resovist® and Sinerem®. The size-isolation protocol presented here may help to identify SPION with optimal properties for diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammadali Dadfar
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Denise Camozzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo', Via Aurelio Saffi 2, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Milita Darguzyte
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karolin Roemhild
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Paola Varvarà
- Department of Scienze E Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche E Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Josbert Metselaar
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Srinivas Banala
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcel Straub
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nihan Güvener
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Engelmann
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ioana Slabu
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Miriam Buhl
- Electron Microscopy, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan van Leusen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Paul Kögerler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benita Hermanns-Sachweh
- Electron Microscopy, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Volkmar Schulz
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany. .,Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Bender P, Fock J, Hansen MF, Bogart LK, Southern P, Ludwig F, Wiekhorst F, Szczerba W, Zeng LJ, Heinke D, Gehrke N, Díaz MTF, González-Alonso D, Espeso JI, Fernández JR, Johansson C. Influence of clustering on the magnetic properties and hyperthermia performance of iron oxide nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:425705. [PMID: 30052525 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad67d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Clustering of magnetic nanoparticles can drastically change their collective magnetic properties, which in turn may influence their performance in technological or biomedical applications. Here, we investigate a commercial colloidal dispersion (FeraSpinTMR), which contains dense clusters of iron oxide cores (mean size around 9 nm according to neutron diffraction) with varying cluster size (about 18-56 nm according to small angle x-ray diffraction), and its individual size fractions (FeraSpinTMXS, S, M, L, XL, XXL). The magnetic properties of the colloids were characterized by isothermal magnetization, as well as frequency-dependent optomagnetic and AC susceptibility measurements. From these measurements we derive the underlying moment and relaxation frequency distributions, respectively. Analysis of the distributions shows that the clustering of the initially superparamagnetic cores leads to remanent magnetic moments within the large clusters. At frequencies below 105 rad s-1, the relaxation of the clusters is dominated by Brownian (rotation) relaxation. At higher frequencies, where Brownian relaxation is inhibited due to viscous friction, the clusters still show an appreciable magnetic relaxation due to internal moment relaxation within the clusters. As a result of the internal moment relaxation, the colloids with the large clusters (FS-L, XL, XXL) excel in magnetic hyperthermia experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bender
- Universidad de Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain
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