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Odak Z, Marijan S, Radan M, Pilkington LI, Čikeš Botić M, Barker D, Reynisson J, Leung E, Čikeš Čulić V. Deciphering the Interplay: Thieno[2,3- b]pyridine's Impact on Glycosphingolipid Expression, Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis, and Metabolomics in Ovarian Tumor Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6954. [PMID: 39000063 PMCID: PMC11241605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is among the most prevalent causes of mortality among women. Despite improvements in diagnostic methods, non-specific symptoms and delayed gynecological exams can lead to late-stage ovarian tumor discovery. In this study, the effect of an anti-cancer compound, 3-amino-N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinoline-2-carboxamide (Compound 1), was examined. The impacts of cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and metabolomic changes in ovarian cancer cell lines SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3, as well as glycosphingolipid (GSL) expression, on cancer stem cells (CSCs), marked as CD49f+, and non-CSCs (CD49f-) were explored. Treatment with Compound 1 reduced the percentage of CSCs compared to non-treated cells (p < 0.001). The functional impact of eight GSLs on CSCs and non-CSCs was examined using flow cytometry. The glycophenotype changed in both cell lines, with increases or decreases in its expression, after the treatment. These findings raise the possibility of specifically targeting CSCs in ovarian cancer therapy. Additionally, treatment with Compound 1 resulted in statistically meaningful increased apoptosis, including both early and late apoptosis (p < 0.001), suggesting a pivotal role in initiating programmed cell death by the apoptotic pathway. The analysis revealed that the metabolic activity of treated cancer cells was lower compared to those of the control group (p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdravko Odak
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Sandra Marijan
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.M.); (V.Č.Č.)
| | - Mila Radan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Lisa I. Pilkington
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (L.I.P.); (D.B.)
- Te Pūnaha Matatini, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Monika Čikeš Botić
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - David Barker
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (L.I.P.); (D.B.)
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
| | - Vedrana Čikeš Čulić
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.M.); (V.Č.Č.)
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Novel Thieno [2,3-b]pyridine Anticancer Compound Lowers Cancer Stem Cell Fraction Inducing Shift of Lipid to Glucose Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911457. [PMID: 36232754 PMCID: PMC9569594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in tumor resistance and glycosphingolipid (GSL) involvement in tumor pathogenesis, we investigated the effect of a newly synthesized compound (3-amino-N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinoline-2-carboxamide 1 on the percentage of CSCs and the expression of six GSLs on CSCs and non-CSCs on breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7). We also investigated the effect of 1 on the metabolic profile of these cell lines. The MTT assay was used for cytotoxicity determination. Apoptosis and expression of GSLs were assessed by flow cytometry. A GC–MS-coupled system was used for the separation and identification of metabolites. Compound 1 was cytotoxic for both cell lines, and the majority of cells died by treatment-induced apoptosis. The percentage of CSCs was significantly lower in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Treatment with 1 caused a decrease of CSC IV6Neu5Ac-nLc4Cer+ MDA-MB-231 cells. In the MCF-7 cell line, the percentage of GalNAc-GM1b+ CSCs was increased, while the expression of Gg3Cer was decreased in both CSC and non-CSC. Twenty-one metabolites were identified by metabolic profiling. The major impact of the treatment was in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate and inositol metabolism. Compound 1 exhibited higher potency in MBA-MB-231 cells, and it deserves further examination.
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3
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Disruption of Crystal Packing in Thieno[2,3- b]pyridines Improves Anti-Proliferative Activity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030836. [PMID: 35164101 PMCID: PMC8840025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
3-Amino-2-arylcarboxamido-thieno[2,3-b]pyridines have been shown to have anti-proliferative activity, but are also known to have poor solubility. This has been previously proposed to be due to their extensive planarity, which allows for intermolecular stacking and crystal packing. We herein report the synthesis of fifteen novel thieno[2,3-b]pyridines that have incorporated bulky, but easily cleavable, ester and carbonate functional groups in an effort to decrease crystal packing. The addition of these ‘prodrug-like’ moieties into the thieno[2,3-b]pyridine resulted in compounds with increased activity against HCT-116 colon cancer cells and the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.
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4
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Haverkate NA, Leung E, Pilkington LI, Barker D. Tethered Aryl Groups Increase the Activity of Anti-Proliferative Thieno[2,3-b]Pyridines by Targeting a Lipophilic Region in the Active Site of PI-PLC. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122020. [PMID: 34959302 PMCID: PMC8705770 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The compounds 2-amino-3-carboxamido-thieno[2,3-b]pyridines have demonstrated excellent anti-proliferative activity against human cancer cell lines, including the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. In this study, 81 novel thieno[2,3-b]pyridines were synthesised in four series to further improve their anti-proliferative activity, in particular by targeting an adjacent lipophilic pocket in the putative target enzyme phosphoinositide phospholipase C (PI-PLC). Overall, it was found that appending a propyl-aryl group at C-5 on 2-amino-3-carboxamido-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine resulted in compounds with potent biological activity, exhibiting IC50 values in the nanomolar range. The propyl linker could be an α,β-unsaturated ketone or a saturated propyl ketone, but the highest activity was obtained when allylic alcohols were the tether between thieno[2,3-b]pyridine and the appended aryl group, with compound 21r having IC50 values lower than 50 nM. Compounds with one extra carbon in the tether (i.e., a four-atom chain) were found to be considerably less active. Molecular modelling revealed this propyl tether places the newly introduced aryl ring in an untargeted lipophilic pocket within the active site of the phosphoinositide phospholipase C (PI-PLC) enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A. Haverkate
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (N.A.H.); (L.I.P.)
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Lisa I. Pilkington
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (N.A.H.); (L.I.P.)
| | - David Barker
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (N.A.H.); (L.I.P.)
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-9-373-7599
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5
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Leung E, Patel J, Hollywood JA, Zafar A, Tomek P, Barker D, Pilkington LI, van Rensburg M, Langley RJ, Helsby NA, Squire CJ, Baguley BC, Denny WA, Reynisson J, Leung IKH. Validating TDP1 as an Inhibition Target for the Development of Chemosensitizers for Camptothecin-Based Chemotherapy Drugs. Oncol Ther 2021; 9:541-556. [PMID: 34159519 PMCID: PMC8593127 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-021-00158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy sensitizers hold the key to maximizing the potential of standard anticancer treatments. We have a long-standing interest in developing and validating inhibitors of the DNA repair enzyme tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) as chemosensitizers for topoisomerase I poisons such as topotecan. Herein, by using thieno[2,3-b]pyridines, a class of TDP1 inhibitors, we showed that the inhibition of TDP1 can restore sensitivity to topotecan, results that are supported by TDP1 knockout cell experiments using CRISPR/Cas9. However, we also found that the restored sensitivity towards topoisomerase I inhibitors is likely regulated by multiple complementary DNA repair pathways. Our results showed that one of these pathways is likely modulated by PARP1, although it is also possible that other redundant and partially overlapping pathways may be involved in the DNA repair process. Our work thus raises the prospect of targeting multiple DNA repair pathways to increase the sensitivity to topoisomerase I inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euphemia Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. .,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Jinal Patel
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer A Hollywood
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ayesha Zafar
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Petr Tomek
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - David Barker
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Lisa I Pilkington
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Michelle van Rensburg
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ries J Langley
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nuala A Helsby
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Christopher J Squire
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Bruce C Baguley
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. .,School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Ivanhoe K H Leung
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. .,School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. .,School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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6
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Marijan S, Mastelić A, Markotić A, Režić-Mužinić N, Vučenović N, Barker D, Pilkington LI, Reynisson J, Čulić VČ. Thieno[2,3- b]Pyridine Derivative Targets Epithelial, Mesenchymal and Hybrid CD15s + Breast Cancer Cells. MEDICINES 2021; 8:medicines8070032. [PMID: 34206154 PMCID: PMC8304450 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8070032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The adhesion of cancer cells to vascular endothelium is a critical process in hematogenous metastasis and might be similar to the recruitment of leukocytes at the site of inflammation. It is mediated by E-selectin and its ligands, of which the most stereospecific is a glycoconjugate sialyl Lewis x (CD15s), which may be expressed as an oligosaccharide branch of the CD44 glycoprotein, as well as a self-contained glycosphingolipid. It is also known that increased sialylation of glycoconjugates is a feature of malignant cells. The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of a novel thieno[2,3-b]pyridine, compound 1, in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs) upon CD15s and CD44 expression in different cell subpopulations using flow cytometry. CD15s expression was compared between mesenchymal-like cancer stem cells (CSC, CD44+CD24−), epithelial cells without CD44 (CD44−CD24+ and CD44−CD24−), and CD44+CD24+ cells that exhibit mesenchymal and epithelial features. In addition, expression of CD44 in CD15s+CSC and CD15s−CSC was determined. Compound 1 significantly decreased the percentage of CD15s+CSC, CD15s+CD44+CD24+, and CD15s+CD44− subpopulations, as well as the expression of CD15s in CD44+CD24+ and CD44− cells, and therefore shows potential as a treatment for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Marijan
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.M.); (A.M.); (A.M.); (N.R.-M.); (N.V.)
| | - Angela Mastelić
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.M.); (A.M.); (A.M.); (N.R.-M.); (N.V.)
| | - Anita Markotić
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.M.); (A.M.); (A.M.); (N.R.-M.); (N.V.)
| | - Nikolina Režić-Mužinić
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.M.); (A.M.); (A.M.); (N.R.-M.); (N.V.)
| | - Nikolina Vučenović
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.M.); (A.M.); (A.M.); (N.R.-M.); (N.V.)
| | - David Barker
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (D.B.); (L.I.P.)
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Lisa I. Pilkington
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (D.B.); (L.I.P.)
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - Vedrana Čikeš Čulić
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.M.); (A.M.); (A.M.); (N.R.-M.); (N.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +385-21-557938
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7
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Stroganova T, Vasilin VK, Dotsenko VV, Aksenov NA, Morozov PG, Vassiliev PM, Volynkin VA, Krapivin GD. Unusual Oxidative Dimerization in the 3-Aminothieno[2,3- b]pyridine-2-carboxamide Series. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:14030-14048. [PMID: 34124427 PMCID: PMC8190813 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Noncatalyzed, regio- and stereoselective hypochlorite oxidation of 3-aminothieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamides is presented. Unexpectedly, the oxidation proceeded by different mechanistic pathways, and different products were formed, depending on the nature of solvents used. A possible mechanism, the structure of products, kinetics and dynamics of intramolecular processes, and biological activity of products are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana
A. Stroganova
- Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Kuban State Technological
University, Krasnodar 350072, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir K. Vasilin
- Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Kuban State Technological
University, Krasnodar 350072, Russian Federation
| | - Victor V. Dotsenko
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Technologies, Kuban
State University, Krasnodar 350040, Russian Federation
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal
University, Stavropol 355009, Russian Federation
| | - Nicolai A. Aksenov
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal
University, Stavropol 355009, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel G. Morozov
- Department
of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Southern
Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel M. Vassiliev
- Volgograd
State Medical University, Volgograd 400131, Russian Federation
| | - Vitaly A. Volynkin
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Kuban State University, Krasnodar 350040, Russian Federation
| | - Gennady D. Krapivin
- Scientific
Research Institute of Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, Kuban State Technological University, Krasnodar 350072, Russian Federation
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8
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Mak OW, Sharma N, Reynisson J, Leung IKH. Discovery of novel Hsp90 C-terminal domain inhibitors that disrupt co-chaperone binding. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 38:127857. [PMID: 33609661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an essential molecular chaperone that performs vital stress-related and housekeeping functions in cells and is a current therapeutic target for diseases such as cancers. Particularly, the development of Hsp90 C-terminal domain (CTD) inhibitors is highly desirable as inhibitors that target the N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain may cause unwanted biological effects. Herein, we report on the discovery of two drug-like novel Hsp90 CTD inhibitors by using virtual screening and intrinsic protein fluorescence quenching binding assays, paving the way for future development of new therapies that employ molecular chaperone inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oi Wei Mak
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nabangshu Sharma
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Hornbeam Building, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom.
| | - Ivanhoe K H Leung
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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9
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Haverkate NA, van Rensburg M, Kumara S, Reynisson J, Leung E, Pilkington LI, Barker D. Improving the solubility of anti-proliferative thieno[2,3-b]quinoline-2-carboxamides. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 37:116092. [PMID: 33725562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Thieno[2,3-b]pyridines are a class of compounds known for their potent anti-proliferative activities against a range of human cancer cell lines. In this research, a number of strategies to generate analogues that have improved aqueous solubility whilst retaining the potent anti-proliferative actions, compared to previously-explored compounds in this class, were made. Herein we report the synthesis of 80 novel compounds, comprising two series, all based on the thieno[2,3-b]pyridine core structure. Overall, it was found that introducing alternative heterocycles did not notably improve the solubility or retain anti-proliferative activity seen in previously-reported analogues. However, pleasingly it was discovered, that the best strategy for improving the solubility was the alteration of the appended alkyl ring to introduce polar groups such as alcohols, ketones and substituted amine groups. In addition to this finding, we have discovered a thieno[2,3-b]pyridine, 15e, with greater aqueous solubility that has ever been seen for this class of compounds that is also a potent inhibitor of cancer cell growth, with IC50's in the nanomolar range. This new lead structure will form the basis of future explorations into this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sisira Kumara
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Hornbeam Building, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - David Barker
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand; The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
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10
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Marijan S, Markotić A, Mastelić A, Režić-Mužinić N, Pilkington LI, Reynisson J, Čulić VČ. Glycosphingolipid expression at breast cancer stem cells after novel thieno[2,3-b]pyridine anticancer compound treatment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11876. [PMID: 32680999 PMCID: PMC7368022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipid expression differs between human breast cancer stem cells (CSC) and cancer non-stem cells (non-CSC). We performed studies of viability, type of cell death, cancer stem cell percent and glycosphingolipid expression on CSC and non-CSC after treatment of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 triple-negative breast cancer cells with a newly developed thienopyridine anticancer compound (3-amino-N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinoline-2-carboxamide, 1). Compound 1 was cytotoxic for both breast cancer cell lines and the majority of cells died by treatment-induced apoptosis. The percent of cancer stem cells and number of formed mammospheres was significantly lower. Glycosphingolipids IV6Neu5Ac-nLc4Cer and GalNAc-GM1b (IV3Neu5Ac-Gg5Cer) not reported previously, were identified in both CSCs and non-CSCs. IV6Neu5Ac-nLc4Cer had increased expression in both CSCs and non-CSCs of both cell lines after the treatment with 1, while GM3 (II3Neu5Ac-LacCer) had increased expression only on both cell subpopulations in MDA-MB-231 cell line. GalNAc-GM1b, Gb4Cer (GalNAcβ1-3Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1Cer) and GM2 (II3Neu5Ac-GalNAcβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1Cer) were increased only in CSCs of both cell lines while GD3 was decreased in CSC of MDA-MB-231 cell line. Due to its effect in reducing the percentage of cancer stem cells and number of mammospheres, and its influence upon several glycosphingolipid expressions, it can be concluded that compound 1 deserves attention as a potential new drug for triple-negative breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Marijan
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Anita Markotić
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Angela Mastelić
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Režić-Mužinić
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Lisa Ivy Pilkington
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Johannes Reynisson
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Vedrana Čikeš Čulić
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000, Split, Croatia.
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Dotsenko VV, Buryi DS, Lukina DY, Stolyarova AN, Aksenov NA, Aksenova IV, Strelkov VD, Dyadyuchenko LV. Substituted N-(thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-3-yl)acetamides: synthesis, reactions, and biological activity. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Reynisson J. Generation of Quality Hit Matter for Successful Drug Discovery Projects. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030381. [PMID: 30678174 PMCID: PMC6384824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Mohamed MS, Mansour YE, Amin HK, El-Araby ME. Molecular modelling insights into a physiologically favourable approach to eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibition through novel thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:755-767. [PMID: 29651867 PMCID: PMC6009894 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1457657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, we exploited derivatives of thieno[2,3-b]pyridine as dual inhibitors of the key enzymes in eicosanoid biosynthesis, cyclooxygenase (COX, subtypes 1 and 2) and 5-lipoxygensase (5-LOX). Testing these compounds in a rat paw oedema model revealed potency higher than ibuprofen. The most active compounds 7a, 7b, 8b, and 8c were screened against COX-1/2 and 5-LOX enzymes. Compound 7a was the most powerful inhibitor of 5-LOX with IC50 = 0.15 µM, while its p-chloro analogue 7b was more active against COX-2 (IC50 = 7.5 µM). The less desirable target COX-1 was inhibited more potently by 8c with IC50 = 7.7 µM. Surflex docking programme predicted that the more stable anti- conformer of compound (7a) formed a favourable complex with the active site of 5-LOX but not COX-1. This is in contrast to the binding mode of 8c, which resembles the syn-conformer of series 7 and binds favourably to COX-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosaad S Mohamed
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Yara E Mansour
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Hatem K Amin
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Moustafa E El-Araby
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt
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