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Tangpromphan P, Palitsakun S, Jaree A. Three-zone simulated moving bed for the separation of chlorogenic acid and caffeine fractions in the liquid extract of spent coffee grounds. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21340. [PMID: 37964825 PMCID: PMC10641175 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) is an agricultural residue obtained in a large quantity from local cafes in Thailand. In order to handle this waste effectively, the valorization of SCG is essential. SCG consists of beneficial phenolic compounds with antioxidative properties and caffeine, which can be recovered through extraction followed by separation and purification processes. In this work, water extraction of SCG was carried out. The volumetric composition of the liquid extract of SCG was then adjusted with an organic solvent, and the obtained mixture was used as the feed for subsequent separation. For the separation method of the SCG extract, a single chromatographic column was employed to separate a group of phenolic compounds (represented by chlorogenic acid) and a group of contaminants (represented by caffeine). The volumetric composition of the mobile phase was varied to determine the condition suitable for the separation of chlorogenic acid and caffeine in a C18 column. Adsorption parameters were determined and used to formulate the mathematical models describing the adsorption dynamics of those two bioactive compounds in the experimental breakthrough curves of standard solutions and the liquid extract of SCG. Furthermore, the three-zone simulated moving bed system (TZ-SMB) was designed to continuously separate fractions of chlorogenic acid and caffeine in the liquid extract of SCG. The adsorption parameters were employed in the optimization of TZ-SMB operating conditions using triangle theory, conducted via computer simulation. The experimental result of water extraction revealed that the yields of chlorogenic acid and caffeine were 0.292 and 0.583 mg/g dried SCG, respectively, using solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 g: 30 mL and temperature of 75 °C. The separation result in a single chromatographic column showed that the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, water, and formic acid (10: 90: 1.5 vol%) provided the linear adsorption isotherms for both chlorogenic acid and caffeine, and the chromatographic peaks of all compounds in the liquid extract of SCG were well separated. The simulated results of TZ-SMB at the optimal point revealed that the flow rates of desorbent, feed, extract product, and raffinate product were 0.626, 0.115, 0.081, and 0.593 mL/min, respectively, with the switching time of 20 min. At this point, the relative purities of caffeine in the extract product and chlorogenic acid in the raffinate product were 99.45 % and 98.88 %, respectively, with the maximum productivity of 0.045 mg/mL⋅h. In addition, for demonstration purposes, the lab-scale TZ-SMB experiment was conducted to show the separation of chlorogenic acid and caffeine in the liquid extract of SCG. The operating point from the triangle separation region was chosen based on the sensitivity of flow rate that ensured the criteria of purity. The experimental results showed that the relative purities of caffeine in extract product and chlorogenic acid in raffinate product were both 100 %, verifying the successful separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preuk Tangpromphan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center for High-Value Products from Bioresources: HVPB. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Supaphorn Palitsakun
- Central of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Attasak Jaree
- Central of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center for High-Value Products from Bioresources: HVPB. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Huamán-Castilla NL, Copa-Chipana C, Mamani-Apaza LO, Luque-Vilca OM, Campos-Quiróz CN, Zirena-Vilca F, Mariotti-Celis MS. Selective Recovery of Polyphenols from Discarded Blueberries ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Using Hot Pressurized Liquid Extraction Combined with Isopropanol as an Environmentally Friendly Solvent. Foods 2023; 12:3694. [PMID: 37835347 PMCID: PMC10572779 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of water-ethanol mixtures in hot pressurized liquid extraction (HPLE) to recover phenolic compounds from agro-industrial waste has been successfully investigated. However, the unresolved challenge of reducing solvent costs associated with the process hinders the scaling of this eco-friendly technology. This study evaluated the use of isopropanol as an alternative, lower-cost solvent for recovering polyphenols from discarded blueberries through the HPLE process. HPLE was carried out using water-isopropanol mixtures (0, 15 and 30%) at 70, 100, and 130 °C. The total polyphenol content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ORAC), glucose and fructose contents, and polyphenol profile of the extracts were determined. HPLE extracts obtained using high isopropanol concentrations (30%) and high temperatures (130 °C) presented the highest TPC (13.57 mg GAE/gdw) and antioxidant capacity (IC50: 9.97 mg/mL, ORAC: 246.47 µmol ET/gdw). Moreover, the use of 30% water-isopropanol resulted in higher yields of polyphenols and removal of reducing sugars compared to atmospheric extraction with water-acetone (60%). The polyphenolic profiles of the extracts showed that flavanols and phenolic acids were more soluble at high concentrations of isopropanol (30%). Contrarily, flavonols and stilbenes were better recovered with 15% isopropanol and pure water. Therefore, isopropanol could be a promising solvent for the selective recovery of different bioactive compounds from discarded blueberries and other agro-industrial residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Leander Huamán-Castilla
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (C.C.-C.); (L.O.M.-A.); (F.Z.-V.)
- Laboratorio de Tecnologías Sustentables para la Extracción de Compuestos de Alto Valor, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Moquegua 18001, Peru
| | - Cecilia Copa-Chipana
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (C.C.-C.); (L.O.M.-A.); (F.Z.-V.)
- Laboratorio de Tecnologías Sustentables para la Extracción de Compuestos de Alto Valor, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Moquegua 18001, Peru
| | - Luis Omar Mamani-Apaza
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (C.C.-C.); (L.O.M.-A.); (F.Z.-V.)
- Laboratorio de Tecnologías Sustentables para la Extracción de Compuestos de Alto Valor, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Moquegua 18001, Peru
| | - Olivia Magaly Luque-Vilca
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional de Juliaca, Av. Nueva Zelandia 631, Juliaca 21101, Peru;
| | - Clara Nely Campos-Quiróz
- Laboratorio de Contaminantes Orgánicos y Ambiente, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Moquegua 18001, Peru;
| | - Franz Zirena-Vilca
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (C.C.-C.); (L.O.M.-A.); (F.Z.-V.)
- Laboratorio de Contaminantes Orgánicos y Ambiente, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Moquegua 18001, Peru;
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Lauberts M, Mierina I, Pals M, Latheef MAA, Shishkin A. Spent Coffee Grounds Valorization in Biorefinery Context to Obtain Valuable Products Using Different Extraction Approaches and Solvents. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:30. [PMID: 36616167 PMCID: PMC9823728 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The valuable products that can be isolated from spent coffee ground (SCG) biomass consist of a high number of bioactive components, which are suitable for further application as raw materials in various production chains. This paper presents the potential value of the SCG obtained from large and local coffee beverage producers, for the production of valuable, biologically active products. Despite its high potential, SCG has not been utilized to its full potential value, but is instead discarded as waste in landfills. During its decomposition, SCG emits a large amount of CO2 and methane each year. The main novelty of our work is the implementation of sequential extraction with solvents of increased polarity that allows for the maximal removal of the available extractives. In addition, we have compared different extraction techniques, such as conventional and Soxhlet extraction, with more effective accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), which has seen relatively little use in terms of SCG extraction. By comparing these extraction methods and highlighting the key differences between them in terms of extraction yield and obtained extract composition, this work offers key insights for further SCG utilization. By using sequential and one-step accelerated solvent extraction, it is possible to obtain a significant number of extractives from SCG, with a yield above 20% of the starting biomass. The highest yield is for coffee oil, which is obtained with n-hexane ranging between 12% and 14% using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) according to the scheme: n-hexane→ethyl acetate→60% ethanol. Using single-stage extraction, increasing the ethanol concentration also increases the total phenolic content (TPC) and it ranges between 18.7-23.9 Gallic acid equivalent (GAE) mg/g. The iodine values in the range of 164-174 using ASE and Soxhlet extraction shows that the hexane extracts contain a significant amount of unsaturated fatty acids; coffee oils with a low acid number, in the range of 4.74-6.93, contain few free fatty acids. The characterization of separated coffee oil has shown that it mainly consists of linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and a small number of phenolic-type compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maris Lauberts
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Inese Mierina
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Matiss Pals
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Mohammed Ammar Abdul Latheef
- Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, K-3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Andrei Shishkin
- Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, K-3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
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Rivera-Tovar PR, Pérez-Manríquez J, Mariotti-Celis MS, Escalona N, Pérez-Correa JR. Adsorption of low molecular weight food relevant polyphenols on cross-linked agarose gel. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mediani A, Kamal N, Lee SY, Abas F, Farag MA. Green Extraction Methods for Isolation of Bioactive Substances from Coffee Seed and Spent. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2027444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mediani
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Nurkhalida Kamal
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Soo Yee Lee
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Tong T, Liu X, Yu C. Extraction and Nano-Sized Delivery Systems for Phlorotannins to Improve Its Bioavailability and Bioactivity. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:625. [PMID: 34822496 PMCID: PMC8622035 DOI: 10.3390/md19110625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide an informative summary of studies on extraction and nanoencapsulation of phlorotannins to improve their bioavailability and bioactivity. The origin, structure, and different types of phlorotannins were briefly discussed, and the extraction/purification/characterization methods for phlorotannins were reviewed, with a focus on techniques to improve the bioactivities and bioavailability of phlorotannins via nano-sized delivery systems. Phlorotannins are promising natural polyphenol compounds that have displayed high bioactivities in several areas: anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-HIV, antidiabetic, and antioxidant. This review aims to provide a useful reference for researchers working on developing better utilization strategies for phlorotannins as pharmaceuticals, therapeuticals, and functional food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjian Tong
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Chenxu Yu
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
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Jumaa RS, Abdulmajeed DI, Karim AJ. Evaluation of secondary metabolites of herbal plant extracts as an antiviral effect on infectious bursal disease virus isolates in embryonated chicken eggs. Vet World 2021; 14:2971-2978. [PMID: 35017846 PMCID: PMC8743771 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2971-2978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Infectious bursal disease attacks the poultry industry, mainly young chickens, causing immunosuppression, and death with high economic losses. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the monoextract, diextracts, and triextracts of Quercus infectoria (QI), Citrus aurantifolia (CiA), and Coffea arabica (CoA) on infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental design consisted of three sets of ECEs at 11 days of age, and each set included seven groups (G1-G7). The extracts of QI, CiA, and CoA were inoculated to ECEs by the chorioallantoic membrane method before, in concomitant (mixed) with, and after IBDV infection to the first, second, and third sets, respectively. The monoextract, diextracts, and triextracts of QI, CiA, and CoA were given at 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10% concentrations to G1-G3, G4-G6, and G7, respectively. Real-time polymerase chain reaction identified and confirmed the virus in accordance with the pathological changes. RESULTS The monoextract (5-10% concentrations) inhibited IBDV and had no effect on viral infection preinoculation, whereas the monoextract (10% concentration) inhibited IBDV during mixed inoculation and post-inoculation. Diextracts (2-10% concentrations) inhibited IBDV and had no effect on viral infection preinoculation, whereas diextracts (5-10% concentrations) inhibited IBDV during mixed inoculation and post-inoculation. Triextracts (1%, 2%, 5%, and 10% concentrations) inhibited IBDV by ameliorating the pathological changes of the virus and preventing the death of ECEs. CONCLUSION The inoculation of herbal extracts, particularly triextracts, alleviates the pathological changes in ECEs infected with IBDV. This study recommends the oral route in evaluating plant extracts against IBDV in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawaa Saladdin Jumaa
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Dhuha Ismael Abdulmajeed
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Abdulkarim Jafar Karim
- Unit of Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Polyphenolic Extracts from Spent Coffee Grounds Prevent H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Centropomus viridis Brain Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206195. [PMID: 34684776 PMCID: PMC8540615 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress in aquatic organisms might suppress the immune system and propagate infectious diseases. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of polyphenolic extracts from spent coffee grounds (SCG) against oxidative stress, induced by H2O2, in C. viridis brain cells, through an in vitro model. Hydrophilic extracts from SCG are rich in quinic, ferulic and caffeic acids and showed antioxidant capacity in DPPH, ORAC and FRAP assays. Furthermore, pretreatment of C. viridis brain cells with the polyphenolic extracts from SCG (230 and 460 µg/mL) for 24 h prior to 100 µM H2O2 exposure (1 h) significantly increased antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and reduced lipid peroxidation (measured by MDA levels). These results suggest that polyphenols found in SCG extracts exert an antioxidative protective effect against oxidative stress in C. viridis brain cells by stimulating the activity of SOD and CAT.
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Spent Coffee Grounds’ Valorization towards the Recovery of Caffeine and Chlorogenic Acid: A Response Surface Methodology Approach. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13168818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The amount of spent coffee grounds (SCGs) created, represents an environmental challenge worldwide. In this context, the aim of the present study was to exploit the potential of SCGs as a source of bioactive compounds that can be utilized in high value-added products. Thus, a cost-effective and environmentally friendly extraction technique was developed to ensure extracts with high total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, as well as significant amounts of caffeine and chlorogenic acid. Response surface methodology was implemented to evaluate the effects of the main extraction parameters (i.e., time, temperature, and ethanol-to-water ratio) and their interactions on the defined responses. The ethanol ratio was found to be the most significant variable. Then, a set of optimum values was determined (i.e., 7 min, 75 °C, and ethanol:water ratio 5:95), where the predicted values for responses were found to be 5.65% for the yield (Y1), 152.68 mg gallic acid equivalents per L for total phenolic content (Y2), 0.797 μmol Trolox equivalent per mL for the antioxidant activity (Y3), 30.5 ppm for caffeine concentration (Y4), and 17.4 ppm for chlorogenic acid concentration (Y5). Furthermore, the corresponding high experimental values from the validation experiment fitted well to these predictions, clearly clarifying the high potential of SCG extracts for use in high value-added applications.
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Chemical Properties of Vitis Vinifera Carménère Pomace Extracts Obtained by Hot Pressurized Liquid Extraction, and Their Inhibitory Effect on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Related Enzymes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030472. [PMID: 33802638 PMCID: PMC8002554 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace polyphenols inhibit Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)-related enzymes, reinforcing their sustainable recovery to be used as an alternative to the synthetic drug acarbose. Protic co-solvents (ethanol 15% and glycerol 15%) were evaluated in the hot pressurized liquid extraction (HPLE) of Carménère pomace at 90, 120, and 150 °C in order to obtain extracts rich in monomers and oligomers of procyanidins with high antioxidant capacities and inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The higher the HPLE temperature (from 90 °C to 150 °C) the higher the total polyphenol content (~79%, ~83%, and ~143% for water-ethanol, water-glycerol and pure water, respectively) and antioxidant capacity of the extracts (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity, ORAC), increased by ~26%, 27% and 13%, while the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) decreased by ~65%, 67%, and 59% for water-ethanol, water-glycerol, and pure water extracts, respectively). Water-glycerol HPLE at 150 and 120 °C recovered the highest amounts of monomers (99, 421, and 112 µg/g dw of phenolic acids, flavanols, and flavonols, respectively) and dimers of procyanidins (65 and 87 µg/g dw of B1 and B2, respectively). At 90 °C, the water-ethanol mixture extracted the highest amounts of procyanidin trimers (13 and 49 µg/g dw of C1 and B2, respectively) and procyanidin tetramers of B2 di-O-gallate (13 µg/g dw). Among the Carménère pomace extracts analyzed in this study, 1000 µg/mL of the water-ethanol extract obtained, at 90 °C, reduced differentially the α-amylase (56%) and α-glucosidase (98%) activities. At the same concentration, acarbose inhibited 56% of α-amylase and 73% of α-glucosidase activities; thus, our grape HPLE extracts can be considered a good inhibitor compared to the synthetic drug.
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Zengin G, Sinan KI, Mahomoodally MF, Angeloni S, Mustafa AM, Vittori S, Maggi F, Caprioli G. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Properties of Different Extracts Obtained from Spent Coffee Ground and Coffee Silverskin. Foods 2020; 9:foods9060713. [PMID: 32498234 PMCID: PMC7353581 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In a world where an eco-friendlier approach is becoming more and more necessary, it is essential to reduce waste production and to reuse residues of the company’s supply chain. Coffee silverskin (CS) and spent coffee ground (SCG), two by-products of coffee production, are important sources of bioactive compounds and, for this, some authors have proposed their reuse in the nutraceutical, food, and cosmetic sector. However, their potential enzyme inhibitory properties have been poorly investigated. Hence, the objective of the current work was to study the enzymatic inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and tyrosinase of different extracts of CS and SCG. Before these in vitro bioassays, the phytochemical composition of each extract was investigated via colorimetric assays and HPLC-MS/MS analysis. In addition, the antioxidant activities were evaluated by different chemical approaches. SCG extracts contained a higher content of bioactive compounds, notably the SCG EtOH:H2O extract was the richest in caffeine and possessed the highest antioxidant activities. The hydroalcoholic and methanolic extracts were shown to be the most active against all tested enzymes, while the water extracts displayed lower activity. Our results showed a weak correlation between bioactive compounds and enzyme inhibitory effects, proving inhibitory activities likely due to non-phenolic molecules such as alkaloids and terpenoids. Obtained findings could be a starting point to develop novel nutraceuticals from CS and SCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, 42130 Konya, Turkey; (G.Z.); (K.I.S.)
| | - Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, 42130 Konya, Turkey; (G.Z.); (K.I.S.)
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam; or
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Simone Angeloni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant’Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.A.); (A.M.M.); (S.V.); (G.C.)
- International Hub for Coffee Research and Innovation, Via E. Betti 1, 62020 Belforte del Chienti, Italy
| | - Ahmed M. Mustafa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant’Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.A.); (A.M.M.); (S.V.); (G.C.)
| | - Sauro Vittori
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant’Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.A.); (A.M.M.); (S.V.); (G.C.)
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant’Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.A.); (A.M.M.); (S.V.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-07-3740-4506
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant’Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.A.); (A.M.M.); (S.V.); (G.C.)
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Lourenço SC, Moldão-Martins M, Alves VD. Antioxidants of Natural Plant Origins: From Sources to Food Industry Applications. Molecules 2019; 24:E4132. [PMID: 31731614 PMCID: PMC6891691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, great interest has been focused on using natural antioxidants in food products, due to studies indicating possible adverse effects that may be related to the consumption of synthetic antioxidants. A variety of plant materials are known to be natural sources of antioxidants, such as herbs, spices, seeds, fruits and vegetables. The interest in these natural components is not only due to their biological value, but also to their economic impact, as most of them may be extracted from food by-products and under-exploited plant species. This article provides an overview of current knowledge on natural antioxidants: their sources, extraction methods and stabilization processes. In addition, recent studies on their applications in the food industry are also addressed; namely, as preservatives in different food products and in active films for packaging purposes and edible coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vítor D. Alves
- LEAF, Linking, Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.C.L.); (M.M.-M.)
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Huaman-Castilla NL, Martínez-Cifuentes M, Camilo C, Pedreschi F, Mariotti-Celis M, Pérez-Correa JR. The Impact of Temperature and Ethanol Concentration on the Global Recovery of Specific Polyphenols in an Integrated HPLE/RP Process on Carménère Pomace Extracts. Molecules 2019; 24:E3145. [PMID: 31470596 PMCID: PMC6749334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequential extraction and purification stages are required to obtain extracts rich in specific polyphenols. However, both separation processes are often optimized independently and the effect of the integrated process on the global recovery of polyphenols has not been fully elucidated yet. We assessed the impact of hot-pressurized liquid extraction (HPLE) conditions (temperature: 90-150 °C; ethanol concentration: 15%-50%) on the global recovery of specific phenolic acids, flavanols, flavonols and stilbenes from Carménère grape pomace in an integrated HPLE/resin purification (RP) process. HPLE of phenolic acids, flavanols and stilbenes were favored when temperature and ethanol concentration increased, except for chlorogenic acid which showed an increment of its Gibbs free energy of solvation at higher ethanol contents. Ethanol concentration significantly impacted the global yield of the integrated HPLE/RP process. The lower the ethanol content of the HPLE extracts, the higher the recovery of phenolic acids, flavanols and stilbenes after RP, except for flavonols which present more polar functional groups. The best specific recovery conditions were 150 °C and ethanol concentrations of 15%, 32.5% and 50% for phenolic acids, flavanols and stilbenes, and flavonols, respectively. At 150 °C and 32.5% of ethanol, the extracts presented the highest total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity. The integrated HPLE/RP process allows a selective separation of specific polyphenols and eliminates the interfering compounds, ensuring the safety of the extracts at all evaluated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Leander Huaman-Castilla
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru
| | - Maximiliano Martínez-Cifuentes
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, General Gana 1702, Santiago 8370993, Chile
| | - Conrado Camilo
- Centro de Aromas y Sabores (DICTUC S.A.), Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Franco Pedreschi
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - María Mariotti-Celis
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 9845, Santiago 8940577, Chile.
| | - José Ricardo Pérez-Correa
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
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Gallego R, Bueno M, Herrero M. Sub- and supercritical fluid extraction of bioactive compounds from plants, food-by-products, seaweeds and microalgae – An update. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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