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Syed Mohamad SNA, Khatib A, So’ad SZM, Ahmed QU, Ibrahim Z, Nipun TS, Humaryanto H, AlAjmi MF, Khalifa SAM, El-Seedi HR. In Vitro Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant Activities and Toxicological Study of Optimized Psychotria malayana Jack Leaves Extract. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1692. [PMID: 38139818 PMCID: PMC10747829 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychotria malayana Jack (Family: Rubiaceae, local name: Salung) is a traditional herb used to treat diabetes. A previous study by our research group demonstrated that P. malayana methanolic and water extract exhibits significant potential as an effective agent for managing diabetes. Further research has been performed on the extraction optimization of this plant to enhance its inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, a key enzyme associated with diabetes, and to reduce its toxicity. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of the optimized P. malayana leaf extract (OE), to evaluate its toxicity using a zebrafish embryo/larvae model, and to analyze its metabolites. The anti-diabetic effects were assessed by investigating α-glucosidase inhibition (AGI), while the inflammation inhibitory activity was performed using the soybean lipoxygenase inhibitory (SLOXI) test. The assessment of antioxidant activity was performed utilizing FRAP and DPPH assays. The toxicology study was conducted using the zebrafish embryo/larvae (Danio rerio) model. The metabolites present in the extracts were analyzed using GC-MS and LC-MS. OE demonstrated significant AGI and SLOXI activities, represented as 2.02 and 4.92 µg/mL for IC50 values, respectively. It exhibited potent antioxidant activities as determined by IC50 values of 13.08 µg/mL (using the DPPH assay) and 95.44 mmol TE/mg DW (using the FRAP assay), and also demonstrated an LC50 value of 224.29 µg/mL, which surpasses its therapeutic index of 111.03. OE exhibited a higher therapeutic index compared to that of the methanol extract (13.84) stated in the previous state of the art. This suggests that OE exhibits a lower level of toxicity, making it safer for use, and has the potential to be highly effective in its anti-diabetic activity. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) demonstrated the presence of several constituents in this extract. Among them, several compounds, such as propanoic acid, succinic acid, D-tagatose, myo-inositol, isorhamnetin, moracin M-3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, procyanidin B3, and leucopelargonidin, have been reported as possessing anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities. This finding offers great potential for future research in diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifah Nurul Akilah Syed Mohamad
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia; (S.N.A.S.M.); (S.Z.M.S.); (Q.U.A.); (Z.I.)
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia; (S.N.A.S.M.); (S.Z.M.S.); (Q.U.A.); (Z.I.)
- Central Research and Animal Facility, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60155, Indonesia
| | - Siti Zaiton Mat So’ad
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia; (S.N.A.S.M.); (S.Z.M.S.); (Q.U.A.); (Z.I.)
| | - Qamar Uddin Ahmed
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia; (S.N.A.S.M.); (S.Z.M.S.); (Q.U.A.); (Z.I.)
| | - Zalikha Ibrahim
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia; (S.N.A.S.M.); (S.Z.M.S.); (Q.U.A.); (Z.I.)
| | - Tanzina Sharmin Nipun
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh;
| | | | - Mohamed F. AlAjmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shaden A. M. Khalifa
- Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Capio Saint Göran’s Hospital, Sankt Göransplan 1, 112 19 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 31100107, Egypt
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Jiangsu University, Nanjing 210024, China
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Ahmad R, Khairul Nizam Mazlan M, Firdaus Abdul Aziz A, Mohd Gazzali A, Amir Rawa MS, Wahab HA. Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.: An updated review of pharmacological effects, toxicity studies, and separation techniques. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:874-888. [PMID: 37234341 PMCID: PMC10205762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. is geographically distributed around Papua Island, Indonesia. Traditionally, P. macrocarpa is exercised to reduce pain, stomachache, diarrhea, tumor problems, blood glucose, cholesterol, and blood pressure. A growing interest in the medicinal values of P. macrocarpa especially in Asia reflects the usage of diverse extraction techniques, particularly modern approaches. In this review article, the extraction methods and solvents relevant to P. macrocarpa were discussed, with the extent of its pharmacological activities. Recent bibliographic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Elsevier between 2010 and 2022 were assessed. Based on the findings, the pharmacological studies of P. macrocarpa are still pertinent to its traditional uses but primarily emphasise anti-proliferative activity especially colon and breast cancer cells with low toxicity and fruit as the most studied plant part. The utilization of modern separation techniques has predominantly been aimed at extracting mangiferin and phenolic-rich compounds and evaluating their antioxidant capacity. However, the isolation of bioactive compounds remains a challenge, leading to the extensive utilization of the extracts in in vivo studies. This review endeavors to highlight modern extraction methods that could potentially be used as a point of reference in the future for exploring novel bioactive compounds and drug discovery on a multi-scale extraction level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosliza Ahmad
- Collaborative Laboratory for Herbal Standardization (CHEST), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khairul Nizam Mazlan
- Collaborative Laboratory for Herbal Standardization (CHEST), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Amir Firdaus Abdul Aziz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Amirah Mohd Gazzali
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mira Syahfriena Amir Rawa
- Collaborative Laboratory for Herbal Standardization (CHEST), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Habibah A. Wahab
- Collaborative Laboratory for Herbal Standardization (CHEST), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Hasim H, Mantik YA, Husnawati H, Priosoeryanto BP, Puspita R. Antiproliferative Potency of God’s Crown Fruit (Phaleria macrocarpa) Extract Against Breast Cancer Cell. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2022. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v5i4.2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a sickness caused by abnormal cell growth in the breast. Mahkota Dewa fruit or god’s crown fruit products (Phaleria macrocarpa) contain flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, and tannins associated with active compounds. This work directs to influence the potency of P. macrocarpa fruit as an antiproliferative agent against breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells). The antiproliferative potency of P. macrocarpa fruit was proved by extracting and fractionating P. macrocarpa fruit using maceration. The cytotoxicity of extracts and fractions was determined using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). The antiproliferative potency against MCF-7 cells was tested using the hemacytometer approach. This work demonstrates the crude ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction. The LC50 values in crude ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction were 13.72 ppm, 147.55 ppm, 405.81 ppm, and 149. 07 ppm severally. Phaleria macrocarpa fruit has shown antiproliferation potency against MCF-7 cells. The maximum part of crude ethanol extract antiproliferative potency (56 ppm) effectively suppressed MCF-7 cell growth by 70. 9% while doxorubicin (100 ppm) by 46. 92%. This work confirms that crude ethanol extract of P. macrocarpa fruit interacts synergistically as an antiproliferative compound against MCF-7 cells.
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Mei Z, Zhang R, Zhao Z, Zheng G, Xu X, Yang D. Extraction process and method validation for bioactive compounds from Citrus reticulata cv. Chachiensis: Application of response surface methodology and HPLC–DAD. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2020.00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCitrus reticulata cv. Chachiensis, a traditional Chinese herb, has extensive medicinal and edible effects. 3′,4′,5,6,7,8-Hexamethoxyflavone (HM) and 5,6,7,8,4′-pentamethoxyflavone (PM) are main bioactive compounds in Chachiensis, which have been reported to possess various biological properties. In this study, supercritical CO2 extraction (SCE) and high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) were utilized to prepare HM and PM from Chachiensis. The contents of target compounds were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography method with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD), which was validated using the following parameters: linearity, sensitivity, repeatability, stability, precision and accuracy. The SCE conditions were optimized using response surface methodology with central composite design. Obtained optimum conditions were temperature of 37.9 °C, pressure of 26.3 MPa, and modifier volume of 81.0 mL. Under above conditions, the recoveries of target compounds were 92.52 ± 0.83 and 96.36 ± 0.43%, respectively. The most appropriate solvent system for HSCCC was selected as n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (1:0.8:1:1.2, v/v). The HSCCC fractions were detected by HPLC-DAD, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR and 13C NMR). The results indicated that this method was successfully applied to obtain HM and PM with high purities and high recoveries from Chachiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenying Mei
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rongfei Zhang
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhimin Zhao
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- 2Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guodong Zheng
- 3School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xinjun Xu
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- 2Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Depo Yang
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- 2Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Ismail-Suhaimy NW, Gani SSA, Zaidan UH, Halmi MIE, Bawon P. Optimizing Conditions for Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Barleria lupulina Lindl. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:682. [PMID: 33916193 PMCID: PMC8067139 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Barleria lupulina Lindl. (Acanthaceae) as an ornamental plant has been widely used in folklore medicine due to its abundancy in polyphenolic compounds. The present study examined conditions for optimal extraction of antioxidants from B. lupulina leaf extracts by using the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method. The effects of ethanol concentrations, microwave power, and extraction time on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothizoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) were investigated by single-factor experiments. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to observe interactions of three independent variables (ethanol concentrations, microwave power, and extraction time) on the dependent variables (TPC, TFC, DPPH, and ABTS) to establish optimal extraction conditions. Quadratic polynomial equations in all experimental models yielded favorably with fitted models with R2 and R2adj of more than 0.90 and a non-significant lack of fit at p > 0.05. The optimal conditions for the extraction of antioxidant activity were established at 80% (v/v) ethanol, 400 W, and 30 s with TPC (238.71 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g sample), TFC (58.09 mg QE/g sample), DPPH (87.95%), and ABTS (89.56%). Analysis by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS) successfully identified four new phenylethanoid glycoside compounds in the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Wahida Ismail-Suhaimy
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Siti Salwa Abd Gani
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Paiman Bawon
- Department of Forest Production, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Dos Santos C, Mizobucchi AL, Escaramboni B, Lopes BP, Angolini CFF, Eberlin MN, de Toledo KA, Núñez EGF. Optimization of Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) D. C. leaf extraction using a simplex centroid design focused on extracting phenolics with antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. BMC Chem 2020; 14:34. [PMID: 32355912 PMCID: PMC7187488 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-020-00686-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) D. C. (Myrtaceae) has been showing interesting biological activities in the literature which was correlated to its phenolic compounds. In the sense of a better recovering of phenolics with the best antioxidant and antiproliferative activities, an extraction, based on multivariate analytical approach, was developed from E. punicifolia leaves. The different extractor solvents (ethanol, methanol and water) and their binary and ternary combinations were evaluated using a simplex-centroid mixture design and surface response methodology. The optimized crude extracts were investigated for phenol and flavonoid content and compared to their antioxidant (EC50) and antiproliferative properties against HEp-2 (cell line derived from the oropharyngeal carcinoma) and mononuclear viability cells. Ethanolic extracts showed the best phenolic content with the highest antioxidant activity and moderated activity antiproliferative to HEp-2. ESI-QTOF–MS revealed the presence of quercetin and myricetin derivatives, which was correlated to activities tested. Then, simplex-centroid design allowed us to correlate the Eugenia punicifolia biological activities with the extracts obtained from solvent different polarity mixtures.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Dos Santos
- 1Laboratory of Chemistry of UNESP-Assis (LAQUA), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Sto Antonio Ave, 19806-900 Assis, SP Brazil
| | - Andressa Lie Mizobucchi
- 1Laboratory of Chemistry of UNESP-Assis (LAQUA), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Sto Antonio Ave, 19806-900 Assis, SP Brazil
| | - Bruna Escaramboni
- 2Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), 19806-900 Assis, SP Brazil
| | - Bruno Pereira Lopes
- 3Laboratory of Physiopathology of Innate Immunity, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), 19806-900 Assis, SP Brazil
| | - Celio Fernando Figueiredo Angolini
- 4Mass Spectrometry and Chemical Ecology Laboratory (MS-Cell), Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Marcos Nogueira Eberlin
- 5Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,6Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Mackenzie Research Nucleus in Science, Faith and Society, Maria Antônia Street, 163 Room 44, Vila Buarque, 01222010 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Karina Alves de Toledo
- 3Laboratory of Physiopathology of Innate Immunity, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), 19806-900 Assis, SP Brazil
| | - Eutimio Gustavo Fernández Núñez
- 7School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo (EACH-USP), Arlindo Béttio Street, 1000 - Vila Guaraciaba, 03828-000 São Paulo, SP Brazil
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Optimization of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Defatted Pitaya ( Hylocereus polyrhizus) Seed Extract and Its Antioxidant Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040787. [PMID: 32059460 PMCID: PMC7070736 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to optimize extraction process for defatted pitaya seed extract (DPSE) adopting response surface methodology (RSM). A five-level central composite design was used to optimize total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothizoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) activities. The independent variables included extraction time (30–60 min), extraction temperature (40–80 °C) and ethanol concentration (60%–80%). Results showed that the quadratic polynomial equations for all models were significant at (p < 0.05), with non-significant lack of fit at p > 0.05 and R2 of more than 0.90. The optimized extraction parameters were established as follows: extraction time of 45 min, extraction temperature of 70 °C and ethanol concentration of 80%. Under these conditions, the recovery of TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity based on FRAP and ABTS were 128.58 ± 1.61 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g sample, 9.805 ± 0.69 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g sample, 1.23 ± 0.03 mM Fe2+/g sample, and 91.62% ± 0.15, respectively. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) analysis identified seven chemical compounds with flavonoids constituting major composition of the DPSE.
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Liu B, Xiao X, Zhou X, Zhou J, Lan L, Long X, Pan Y, Du M, Zhao X. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum CQPC01-fermented soybean milk on activated carbon-induced constipation through its antioxidant activity in mice. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:2068-2082. [PMID: 31289655 PMCID: PMC6593386 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A newly found strain, Lactobacillus plantarum CQPC01 (LP-CQPC01), was used for soybean milk fermentation, and its effects against constipation were determined. LP-CQPC01-FSM (LP-CQPC01-fermented soybean milk) was found to have six kinds of soybean isoflavones; the isoflavones of LP-CQPC01-FSM were more than those of Lactobacillus bulgaricus-fermented soybean milk (LB-FSM) and unfermented soybean milk (U-FSM). Animal experiment showed that the MTL, Gas, ET, AchE, SP, VIP, and GSH levels in the constipated mice were increased; however, the SS, MPO, NO, and MDA levels in the constipated mice were reduced by soybean milk treatment. Further, LP-CQPC01-FSM increased the mRNA and protein expression of Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, c-Kit, SCF, and GDNF and reduced the expression of TRPV1 and NOS relative to those of the mice with untreated constipation. LP-CQPC01 could be used as a new starter to produce high-quality soybean milk, which might be used as a functional drink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihui Liu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology Emergency Medical Center of Chongqing The Affiliated Central Hospital of Chongqing University Chongqing China
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- College of Food Science Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Food Science Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Lingxia Lan
- College of Food Science Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Xingyao Long
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology Cha University Seongnam Korea
| | - Yanni Pan
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology Cha University Seongnam Korea
| | - Muying Du
- College of Food Science Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
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Multiresponse Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction for Aurantii Fructus to Obtain High Yield of Antioxidant Flavonoids Using a Response Surface Methodology. Processes (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/pr6120258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurantii fructus (zhiqiao, ZQ) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and raw material of TCM healthcare food (TCM-HF), mainly focused on the regulation of gastrointestinal disorders and the abundant application of antioxidants. Pharmacological investigations of ZQ flavonoids have identified them as the main bioactive components in recent years, but little has been reported on the extraction processes of antioxidant flavonoids (AFs). The aim of this study was to establish an efficient ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method for the extraction of AFs from ZQ using a response surface methodology (RSM), analyze the composition of AFs, and develop a qualitative evaluation method for ZQ. Flavonoid yield and antioxidant ability were selected as the responses to optimize the extraction of AFs, and the multiple effects of independent variables were investigated. The optimized conditions for the extraction of AFs based on the Box-Behnken design (BBD) were as follows: ethanol concentration, 58%; extraction temperature, 70 °C; and extraction time, 17 min. The flavonoid yield and antioxidant activity reached 241.70 mg/g and 59.42%, respectively, which matched the predicted values. Furthermore, optimized UAE processes were first established for the efficient and fast extraction of AFs. Flavanones and polymethoxyflavonoids (PMFs) were identified as potential AFs using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Meanwhile, the quality of ZQ was evaluated using the criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method for the first time, and Yuanjiang ZQ was considered as an excellent raw material of TCM-HF.
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Effect of Microwave Vacuum Drying on the Drying Characteristics, Color, Microstructure, and Antioxidant Activity of Green Coffee Beans. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051146. [PMID: 29751607 PMCID: PMC6100066 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of microwave vacuum drying (MVD) on the drying characteristics and quality attributes of green coffee beans. We specifically focused on the effective moisture diffusion coefficient (Deff), surface temperature, glass transition temperature (Tg), water state, and microstructure. The kinetics of color changes during drying, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS) were also characterized. Microwave power during MVD affected the porosity of coffee beans, their color, TPC, and antioxidant activity. The Allometric 1 model was the most suitable for simulating surface temperature rise kinetics. Thermal processing of green coffee beans resulted in increased b*, L*, ΔE, and TPC values, and greater antioxidant capacity. These findings may provide a theoretical reference for the technical improvement, mechanisms of flavor compound formation, and quality control of dried green coffee beans.
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