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Xia BH, Yu ZL, Lu YA, Liu SJ, Li YM, Xie MX, Lin LM. Green and Efficient Extraction of Phenolic Components from Plants with Supramolecular Solvents: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Molecules 2024; 29:2067. [PMID: 38731557 PMCID: PMC11085626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) has garnered significant attention as an innovative, efficient, and environmentally friendly solvent for the effective extraction and separation of bioactive compounds from natural resources. However, research on the use of a SUPRAS for the extraction of phenolic compounds from plants, which are highly valued in food products due to their exceptional antioxidant properties, remains scarce. The present study developed a green, ultra-sound-assisted SUPRAS method for the simultaneous determination of three phenolic acids in Prunella vulgaris using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The experimental parameters were meticulously optimized. The efficiency and antioxidant properties of the phenolic compounds obtained using different extraction methods were also compared. Under optimal conditions, the extraction efficiency of the SUPRAS, prepared with octanoic acid reverse micelles dispersed in ethanol-water, significantly exceeded that of conventional organic solvents. Moreover, the SUPRAS method demonstrated greater antioxidant capacity. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images revealed the spherical droplet structure of the SUPRAS, characterized by a well-defined circular fluorescence position, which coincided with the position of the phenolic acids. The phenolic acids were encapsulated within the SUPRAS droplets, indicating their efficient extraction capacity. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations combined with CLSM supported the proposed method's mechanism and theoretically demonstrated the superior extraction performance of the SUPRAS. In contrast to conventional methods, the higher extraction efficiency of the SUPRAS can be attributed to the larger solvent contact surface area, the formation of more types of hydrogen bonds between the extractants and the supramolecular solvents, and stronger, more stable interaction forces. The results of the theoretical studies corroborate the experimental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hou Xia
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (B.-H.X.); (Z.-L.Y.); (Y.-A.L.); (S.-J.L.); (Y.-M.L.)
| | - Zhi-Lu Yu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (B.-H.X.); (Z.-L.Y.); (Y.-A.L.); (S.-J.L.); (Y.-M.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yu-Ai Lu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (B.-H.X.); (Z.-L.Y.); (Y.-A.L.); (S.-J.L.); (Y.-M.L.)
| | - Shi-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (B.-H.X.); (Z.-L.Y.); (Y.-A.L.); (S.-J.L.); (Y.-M.L.)
| | - Ya-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (B.-H.X.); (Z.-L.Y.); (Y.-A.L.); (S.-J.L.); (Y.-M.L.)
| | - Ming-Xia Xie
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (B.-H.X.); (Z.-L.Y.); (Y.-A.L.); (S.-J.L.); (Y.-M.L.)
| | - Li-Mei Lin
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (B.-H.X.); (Z.-L.Y.); (Y.-A.L.); (S.-J.L.); (Y.-M.L.)
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Deng R, Ren X, Liu D, Lu Z, Liu P. An Evaluation of the Edible Value of Salvia miltiorrhiza Seeds: Proximate Composition, Phytochemical Components and Antioxidant Activity. Molecules 2024; 29:1483. [PMID: 38611763 PMCID: PMC11012964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza seeds (SMS) are the main by-product of the production processing of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae. The main purposes of this work are to analyse the nutritional components in SMS, to explore the antioxidant activity of the chemical components in SMS and to evaluate the possibility of SMS as a raw material for functional foods. The contents of crude fibre, total protein, carbohydrates, total phenolics and flavonoids in SMS and the composition and relative content of fatty acids in SMS oil were determined. The results suggested that SMS has high contents of crude fibre (28.68 ± 4.66 g/100 g), total protein (26.65 ± 2.51 g/100 g), total phenolics (6.45 ± 0.55 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g) and total flavonoids (3.28 ± 0.34 mg of rutin equivalent/g), as well as a high level of α-linolenic acid (33.774 ± 4.68%) in their oil. Twenty-two secondary metabolites were identified in SMS residue, and nine compounds were isolated. The IC50 values of the total phenolic content in SMS on an ABTS radical, DPPH radical, superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical were 30.94 ± 3.68 μg/mL, 34.93 ± 4.12 μg/mL, 150.87 ± 17.64 μg/mL and 230.19 ± 24.47 μg/mL, respectively. The results indicate that SMS contain many nutrients and have high utilization value as a promising functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue No. 263, Luoyang 471000, China; (R.D.); (X.R.); (D.L.); (Z.L.)
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Casal-Porras I, Muñoz K, Ortega MJ, Brun FG, Zubía E. Rosmarinic Acid and Flavonoids of the Seagrass Zostera noltei: New Aspects on Their Quantification and Their Correlation with Sunlight Exposure. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4078. [PMID: 38140405 PMCID: PMC10748107 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses are plants adapted to the marine environment that inhabit shallow coastal waters, where they may be exposed to direct sunlight during low tides. These plants have photoprotection mechanisms, which could include the use of phenolic secondary metabolites. In this study, rosmarinic acid (RA) and the flavonoids of Zostera noltei from the Bay of Cadiz (Spain) have been analyzed, first to define suitable conditions of leaves (i.e., fresh, dried, or frozen) for quantitative analysis, and then to explore the potential correlation between the phenolic profile of the leaves and sunlight exposure using an in situ experimental approach. Compared with fresh leaves, the contents of RA and flavonoids were significantly lower in air-dried and freeze-dried leaves. Freezing caused highly variable effects on RA and did not affect to flavonoid levels. On the other hand, the content of RA was significantly higher in plants that emerged during low tides than in plants permanently submerged, while plants underneath an artificial UV filter experienced a progressive reduction in RA content. However, the major flavonoids did not show a clear response to sunlight exposure and were unresponsive to diminished UV incidence. The results showed a positive correlation of RA with direct sunlight and UV exposure of leaves, suggesting that this compound contributes to the photoprotection of Z. noltei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Casal-Porras
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (I.C.-P.); (K.M.); (F.G.B.)
| | - Kimberly Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (I.C.-P.); (K.M.); (F.G.B.)
| | - María J. Ortega
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain;
| | - Fernando G. Brun
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (I.C.-P.); (K.M.); (F.G.B.)
| | - Eva Zubía
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain;
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Li R, Liu H, Liu Y, Guo J, Chen Y, Lan X, Lu C. Insights into the mechanism underlying UV-B induced flavonoid metabolism in callus of a Tibetan medicinal plant Mirabilis himalaica. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 288:154074. [PMID: 37651898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Mirabilis himalaica is an important Tibetan medicinal plant in China. However, it has become a rare and class I endangered Tibetan medicine plant. Therefore, the use of callus to propagate germplasm resources is of great significance. We found that the flavonoid content of M. himalaica callus increased continuously with the extension of UV-B treatment. Multi-omics profiles were used to reveal the co-expression patterns of gene networks of flavonoid metabolism in M. himalaica callus during UV-B radiation. Results showed that five medicinal metabolics, including geranin, eriodictyol, astragalin, isoquercetin, pyrotechnic acid, and one anthocyanin malvide-3-O-glucoside were identified. The transcriptome data were divided into 46 modules according to the expression pattern by WGCNA (weighted gene co-expression network analysis), of which the module Turquoise had the strongest correlation with six target metabolites. We found that seven structural genes and twenty-five transcription factors were related to the metabolism of flavonoid synthesis, among which the structural genes CHI, C4H and UGT79B6 had strong co-expression relationships with the 6 target metabolites. WRKY42, WRKY7, bHLH128 and other transcription factors had strong co-expression relationships with multiple structural genes. Consequently, these findings suggest callus grown under UV-B treatment could be an effective alternative medical resource of M. himalaica, which is valuable for conservation and usage of this wild and endangered plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchen Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Forest Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Forest Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanjing Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Forest Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Forest Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuzhen Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Forest Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaozhong Lan
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, The Center for Xizang Chinese (Tibetan) Medicine Resource, Joint Laboratory for Tibetan Materia Medica Resources Scientific Protection and Utilization Research of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, 860000, China.
| | - Cunfu Lu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Forest Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Zholdasbayev ME, Atazhanova GA, Musozoda S, Poleszak E. Prunella vulgaris L.: An Updated Overview of Botany, Chemical Composition, Extraction Methods, and Biological Activities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1106. [PMID: 37631021 PMCID: PMC10460042 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Prunella vulgaris L. (PV) is a well-known renewable drug resource full of different groups of biologically active substances with a wide range of pharmacological actions and applications in medicine. In this review, we present an updated comprehensive overview of the botany, extracting methods, chemical composition, and pharmacological activity of different parts of PV extracts. As a result of this review, it was found that chemical composition of PV depends on various factors ranging from the part of the plant to the method of extraction. We also highlight extraction methods that have not been previously used for obtaining PV extracts and may have high scientific interest. With this review, we hope to guide present and future professionals and provide possible previously unexplored areas to find new solutions associated with PV plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mussa E. Zholdasbayev
- School of Pharmacy, NJSC “Karaganda Medical University”, Gogol Street, 40, Karaganda 100000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Gayane A. Atazhanova
- School of Pharmacy, NJSC “Karaganda Medical University”, Gogol Street, 40, Karaganda 100000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Safol Musozoda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Pharmacology, Building No. 3, Tajik National University, Rudaki Avenue Street, 17, Dushanbe 734035, Tajikistan;
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, st. Al. Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
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Pandey A, Agrawal M, Agrawal SB. Ultraviolet-B and Heavy Metal-Induced Regulation of Secondary Metabolites in Medicinal Plants: A Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030341. [PMID: 36984781 PMCID: PMC10058376 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a rich history and economic importance, the potential of medicinal plants has not been fully explored under different abiotic stress conditions. Penetration of UV-B radiation and contamination of heavy metals are two important environmental stress for plants with remarkable influence on the defense-related and pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites of medicinal plants. UV-B and heavy metal contamination may become a critical issue that either positively or negatively affects the quality and quantity of secondary metabolites. Such effects may result from changes in the expression level of genes that encode the corresponding enzymes or the inactivation and/or stimulation of specific enzymes involved in the different biosynthetic pathways of the secondary metabolites. Therefore, a comprehensive study of the impact of UV-B and heavy metals individually and in combination on the biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants is discussed in the present review.
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Integrative transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analysis reveals the dynamic regulation of secondary metabolism upon development of Prunella vulgaris L. Fitoterapia 2022; 163:105334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhao Y, Yuan L, Bai XL, Jiang XX, Zhang Y, Fang Q, Zhang Q, Liao X. Tyrosinase covalently immobilized on carboxyl functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for fishing of the enzyme's ligands from Prunellae Spica. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3635-3645. [PMID: 35852941 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, tyrosinase was immobilized on carboxyl functionalized silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles for the first time to be used for fishing of tyrosinase's ligands present in complex plant extract. The immobilized tyrosinase was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analyzer, and atomic force microscopy. The reusability and thermostability of the immobilized tyrosinase were found significantly superior to its free counterpart. Two tyrosinase's ligands, that is, caffeic acid (1) and rosmarinic acid (2), were fished out from extract of the traditional Chinese medicine Prunellae Spica by the immobilized tyrosinase. Compound 1 was found to be an activator of the enzyme with the half maximal effective concentration value of 0.27 ± 0.06 mM, while compound 2 was an inhibitor with the half maximal inhibitory concentration value of 0.14 ± 0.03 mM. Taking advantage of the convenience of magnetic separation and specific extraction ability of ligand fishing, the proposed method exhibited great potential for screening of bioactive compounds from complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Li Yuan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Lin Bai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Jiang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Fang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xun Liao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China
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Wu S, Luo H, Zhong Z, Ai Y, Zhao Y, Liang Q, Wang Y. Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Quality Control of Xiasangju: A Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:930813. [PMID: 35814215 PMCID: PMC9259862 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.930813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a traditional Chinese herbal formula, Xiasangju (XSJ) is widely used in China for antipyresis and influenza treatment. However, XSJ still fails to have a comprehensive summary of the research progress in the last decade. This review summarizes the advanced research on the extraction process, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, and quality control of XSJ. Current research mainly focuses on quality control and the pharmacological effects of single herbs and active ingredients, but many pharmacological mechanisms of the formula are unclear. The development of active ingredients reflects the active characteristics of triterpenes, phenolic acids and flavonoids, but the hepatotoxicity of Prunella vulgaris L. has not been taken into account. XSJ has extensive historical practical experiences, while systematic clinical trials remain lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to study the active ingredients and define the mechanisms of XSJ to develop multiple applications, and further studies on the dose range between its hepatoprotective activity and hepatotoxicity are necessary to improve the safety of the clinical application. In this review, the current problems are discussed to facilitate the reference basis for the subsequent research on the development of XSJ and future application directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wu
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yongjian Ai
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghua Zhao, ; Qionglin Liang, ; Yitao Wang,
| | - Qionglin Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghua Zhao, ; Qionglin Liang, ; Yitao Wang,
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghua Zhao, ; Qionglin Liang, ; Yitao Wang,
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Prospecting In Vitro Antioxidant and Photoprotective Properties of Rosmarinic Acid in a Sunscreen System Developed by QbD Containing Octyl p-Methoxycinnamate and Bemotrizinol. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressively growing diagnoses of skin cancer trigger public health concerns about excessive sun exposure, awareness of the deleterious effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the skin, and the proper use of sunscreens. Studies show that bioactive molecules, such as rosmarinic acid (RA), may potentiate the photoprotective and antioxidant activity of topical formulations. This research presents the application of the concepts of quality by design (QbD) to evaluate the critical parameters of quality and the development of an optimized cosmetic formulation with RA by means of an understanding of product design space. Samples were developed using design of experiments (DoE) and they were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity and photoprotective efficacy, as well as for photostability through artificial irradiation. We were able to achieve the RA performance regarding antioxidant and SPF properties through in vitro experiments. We obtained the equations for predicting the in vitro antioxidant activity and SPF. Considering our sunscreen system, developed with octyl p-methoxycinnamate and bemotrizinol, the presence of RA increased its antioxidant capacity; however, the in vitro SPF was reduced when both UV filters were used. The development of multifunctional sunscreens is of utmost importance; moreover, there is a need for the rational development of formulations that ensure representative statistical tests of the effects and interactions among the components of a formulation on the desired critical quality attributes, including efficacy.
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Martínez-Silvestre KE, Santiz-Gómez JA, Luján-Hidalgo MC, Ruiz-Lau N, Sánchez-Roque Y, Gutiérrez-Miceli FA. Effect of UV-B Radiation on Flavonoids and Phenols Accumulation in Tempisque ( Sideroxylon capiri Pittier) Callus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:473. [PMID: 35214805 PMCID: PMC8875756 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tempisque (Sideroxylon capiri Pittier) is classified as a threatened species and has been reported with a high content of phenols and flavonoids in the leaves. The use of abiotic elicitors such as radiation has been reported due to the changes it produces in the metabolism of plants by activating their defense mechanisms and increasing the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds with antioxidant capacity such as phenols and flavonoids. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of UV-B radiation on growth parameters and the synthesis of bioactive compounds in in vitro culture of tempisque callus. For the callus induction, we used thidiazuron (TDZ) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at 0, 0.5 and 1 mg/L. Calluses were exposed to UV-B radiation (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h/day) for two and four weeks. The highest callus formation index was obtained with TDZ and 2,4-D at 1 mg/mL. The greatest increase in the concentration of phenols and flavonoids was detected in the fourth week with 4 h of exposure per day. The highest concentrations of quercetin (230 µg/g dry weight), kaempferol (235 µg/g dry weight) and gallic acid (240 µg/g dry weight) were found in callus obtained from leaves explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina E. Martínez-Silvestre
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km 1080, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (K.E.M.-S.); (J.A.S.-G.); (M.C.L.-H.)
| | - José Alfredo Santiz-Gómez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km 1080, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (K.E.M.-S.); (J.A.S.-G.); (M.C.L.-H.)
| | - María Celina Luján-Hidalgo
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km 1080, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (K.E.M.-S.); (J.A.S.-G.); (M.C.L.-H.)
| | - Nancy Ruiz-Lau
- Cátedra CONACYT—Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km 1080, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico;
| | - Yazmin Sánchez-Roque
- Dirección de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Politécnica de Chiapas, Carretera Tuxtla Gutiérrez-Portillo Zaragoza Km 21+500, Colonia Las Brisas, Suchiapa 29150, Chiapas, Mexico;
| | - Federico A. Gutiérrez-Miceli
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km 1080, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (K.E.M.-S.); (J.A.S.-G.); (M.C.L.-H.)
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12
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Xiao J, Li Y. Screening of benzophenone ultraviolet absorbers with high-efficiency light absorption capacity, low-permeability and low-toxicity by 3D-QSAR model. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Hahm YH, Cho K, Ahn YH. Compositional Characteristics of Glucuronide Conjugates in Regional Glechoma hederacea var. longituba Herbal Extracts Using a Set of Polyphenolic Marker Compounds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112353. [PMID: 34834716 PMCID: PMC8625983 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glechoma hederacea var. longituba (GHL) is one of many herbal plants widely used in hot herbal teas and in oriental prescriptions to treat various diseases. Although the beneficial effects of GHL may be influenced by differences in the composition of active constituents in the herbal extracts, there are few reports on the compositional characteristics of GHL herbal extracts to date. In this study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology was used for comparative analysis of constituents in hot-water extracts of GHL samples obtained from various cultivating provinces in South Korea. A set of marker panel consisting of nine polyphenolic compounds, including glucuronide conjugates in particular, was constructed and used to monitor the compositional characteristics in each GHL extract. Our findings show that some of the marker compounds, including rosmarinic acid, were persistently observed as major constituents in the analyses of the 22 GHL sample extracts, whereas, interestingly, other marker compounds such as polyphenol-glucuronic acid conjugates displayed dramatic differences in compositional ratios. This chromatographic approach using the marker compound panel can be applied to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate compositional characteristics in the GHL extracts, and can also be useful for quality assays of the GHL herbal plant in medicinal and industrial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kun Cho
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea;
| | - Yeong Hee Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
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14
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Lin TF, Qiu JN, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Sun M, Zhang JH, Liu B, Cheng FF, Jiang YY. Screening out the anti-insomnia components from Prunella vulgaris L. based on plasma pharmacochemistry combined with pharmacodynamic experiments and UPLC-MS/MS analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114373. [PMID: 34181959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Prunella vulgaris L. (P. vulgaris) is a medicinal plant belonging to the Labiatae family, and its dried spikes is called as Xiakucao in China, which is a common traditional Chinese medicine with the activities of clearing the liver and expelling fire, improving eyesight, dispersing nodules and detumescence. Modern pharmacological studies have proved that P. vulgaris has various pharmacological activities such as immunomodulatory, antiviral, antibacterial and anti-insomnia activities. AIMS OF THIS REVIEW P. vulgaris have been reported to have anti-insomnia effects. Nevertheless, the pharmacodynamic substance basis of this anti-insomnia effect is still unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the active components responsible for evoking the anti-insomnia effect of P. vulgaris and to evaluate its anti-insomnia effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we proposed a method combined with pharmacodynamic experiments, extraction and enrichment of chemical components, and the plasma pharmacochemistry to screen out the anti-insomnia components of P. vulgaris. Firstly, the active eluted fraction of the ethanol extract was screened out based on pharmacodynamic tracing method, and then the chemical composition was analyzed systematically by UPLC-MS/MS. Thirdly, pharmacodynamic tracing method and silica gel column chromatography were employed to screen out the active fraction of 70% ethanol eluted fraction, and its bioactive components in vitro and in vivo were identified by UPLC-MS/MS. Finally, screening out the anti-insomnia components of P. vulgaris by comparing the difference between in vivo and in vitro components, and three potentially bioactive ingredients were validated experimentally. RESULTS It was confirmed that the fraction eluted with 70% ethanol from macroporous adsorption resin column was responsible for the anti-insomnia efficacy, and 55 compounds were identified or preliminarily identified. Then totally 9 compounds in vitro and 12 compounds in vivo from the active fraction of 70% ethanol eluted fraction were tentatively identified. Among them, mangiferin, rosmarinic acid and salviaflaside were the prototype components of P. vulgaris, which indicated that the three compounds might play the key role in the anti-insomnia activities. In vivo, compared to blank control group, the three compounds significantly shortened the sleeping latency and prolonged the sleeping time produced by pentobarbital sodium. CONCLUSIONS This study clarified that mangiferin, rosmarinic acid and salviaflaside were considered as the anti-insomnia components of P. vulgaris. This is the first study on screening out the active ingredients responsible for evoking the anti-insomnia effect of P. vulgaris. The three compounds of P. vulgaris may help develop one or more drugs to prevent or treat insomnia. Further investigations are recommended to define the mechanism of the anti-insomnia activity of P. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Feng Lin
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jun-Na Qiu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Meng Sun
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jin-Hua Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fa-Feng Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yan-Yan Jiang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China.
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15
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López-Ortiz A, Pacheco Pineda IY, Méndez-Lagunas LL, Balbuena Ortega A, Guerrero Martínez L, Pérez-Orozco JP, Del Río JA, Nair PK. Optical and thermal properties of edible coatings for application in solar drying. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10051. [PMID: 33980878 PMCID: PMC8115689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar drying is a sustainable process that may impact the quality of dried food. This is because, pigments contained in food are sensitive to sunlight, and exposure to ultraviolet radiation can affect them. We applied biopolymer-based coatings on strawberry, from hydro-colloidal solutions of Opuntia ficus indica-mucilage, fenugreek, xanthan gum, gum Arabic, and guar gum to evaluate their potential use as UV filters for solar drying of food. Thermal properties and the optical transmittance, absorbance and reflectance of the coatings were measured to assess their influence on food-sunlight interaction. During the drying experiments, the moisture content, total anthocyanins (TA), and total phenolic compounds (TPC) were measured. Optical and thermal properties are influenced by the biopolymer-based coatings. Also, the optical properties are influenced by the coating thickness. The differences in optical and thermal properties influence the drying process. Differences exist in the drying rate for strawberry slices with coating, compared with those without the coatings. In general, the TA and TPC content in the product are better preserved under solar drying than in control experiments done in a drying oven. A partial transmittance of solar UV radiation is recommended to obtain increased TA and TPC contents in the dried product.
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Affiliation(s)
- A López-Ortiz
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelos, 62580, Mexico.
| | - I Y Pacheco Pineda
- Instituto Tecnológico de Zacatepec, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Morelos, 62780, Mexico
| | - L L Méndez-Lagunas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR), Oaxaca, 71230, Mexico
| | - A Balbuena Ortega
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelos, 62580, Mexico
| | - Laura Guerrero Martínez
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelos, 62580, Mexico
| | - J P Pérez-Orozco
- Instituto Tecnológico de Zacatepec, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Morelos, 62780, Mexico
| | - J A Del Río
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelos, 62580, Mexico
| | - P K Nair
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelos, 62580, Mexico.
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Lei Y, Yuan H, Gai L, Wu X, Luo Z. Uncovering Active Ingredients and Mechanisms of Spica Prunellae in the Treatment of Colon Adenocarcinoma: A Study Based on Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatics. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:306-318. [PMID: 32748741 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323999200730210536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a well-known herb used in the treatment of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), Spica Prunellae (SP) shows favorable clinical effect and safety in China for many years, but its active ingredients and therapeutic mechanisms against COAD remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to uncover active ingredients and mechanisms of SP in the treatment of COAD using a combined approach of network pharmacology and bioinformatics. METHODS A comprehensive approach mainly comprised of target prediction, network construction, pathway and functional enrichment analysis, and hub genes verification was adopted in the current study. RESULTS We collected 102 compounds-related genes and 3549 differently expressed genes (DEGs) following treatment with SP, and 64 disease-drug target genes between them were recognized. In addition, a total of 25 active ingredients in SP were identified. Pathway and functional enrichment analyses suggested that the mechanisms of SP against COAD might be to induce apoptosis of colon cancer cells by regulating PI3K-Akt and TNF signaling pathways. Recognition of hub genes and core functional modules was performed by constructing protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, from which TP53, MYC, MAPK8 and CASP3 were found as the hub target genes that might play an important part in therapy for COAD. Subsequently we further compared the differential expression level and assessed the prognostic value of these four hub genes. These result of verification suggested that SP exerted therapeutic effects against COAD via a PPI network involving TP53, MYC, MAPK8 and CASP3. CONCLUSION In this study, active ingredients and mechanisms of SP in the treatment of COAD were systematically discussed, which provided the foundation for further experimental studies and might act to promote its appropriate clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Liyue Gai
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Xuelian Wu
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Zhixiao Luo
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Liu B, Xiao X, Zhou X, Zhou J, Lan L, Long X, Pan Y, Du M, Zhao X. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum CQPC01-fermented soybean milk on activated carbon-induced constipation through its antioxidant activity in mice. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:2068-2082. [PMID: 31289655 PMCID: PMC6593386 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A newly found strain, Lactobacillus plantarum CQPC01 (LP-CQPC01), was used for soybean milk fermentation, and its effects against constipation were determined. LP-CQPC01-FSM (LP-CQPC01-fermented soybean milk) was found to have six kinds of soybean isoflavones; the isoflavones of LP-CQPC01-FSM were more than those of Lactobacillus bulgaricus-fermented soybean milk (LB-FSM) and unfermented soybean milk (U-FSM). Animal experiment showed that the MTL, Gas, ET, AchE, SP, VIP, and GSH levels in the constipated mice were increased; however, the SS, MPO, NO, and MDA levels in the constipated mice were reduced by soybean milk treatment. Further, LP-CQPC01-FSM increased the mRNA and protein expression of Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, c-Kit, SCF, and GDNF and reduced the expression of TRPV1 and NOS relative to those of the mice with untreated constipation. LP-CQPC01 could be used as a new starter to produce high-quality soybean milk, which might be used as a functional drink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihui Liu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology Emergency Medical Center of Chongqing The Affiliated Central Hospital of Chongqing University Chongqing China
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- College of Food Science Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Food Science Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Lingxia Lan
- College of Food Science Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Xingyao Long
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology Cha University Seongnam Korea
| | - Yanni Pan
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology Cha University Seongnam Korea
| | - Muying Du
- College of Food Science Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
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18
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Zhao J, Ji D, Zhai X, Zhang L, Luo X, Fu X. Oral Administration of Prunella vulgaris L Improves the Effect of Taxane on Preventing the Progression of Breast Cancer and Reduces Its Side Effects. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:806. [PMID: 30123125 PMCID: PMC6085460 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of Prunella vulgaris L (PVL) combined with taxane for treatment of patients with breast cancer (BC). The main ingredients of PVL were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the experiment, 424 patients with BC were evenly assigned into two groups: experimental group (EG, oral administration of PVL and taxane) and control group (CG, oral administration of placebo and taxane). The primary endpoint was pathologic complete response (pCR), which was evaluated using Miller and Payne system. The secondary endpoints included adverse events (AE) and overall survival (OS), which were evaluated by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event version and Kaplan-Meier curves, respectively. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of PVL. Estrogen receptor (ER) status was also measured. The main side effects were compared between the two groups. The main ingredients of PVL were caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid, which both exert anti-tumor properties. The average follow-up time was 41 months. Eighteen and 31 patients dropped out from EG and CG, respectively. Overall, pCRs were detected in 94 cases (25.1%), comprising 61 cases (31.4%) from EG and 33 cases (18.2%) from CG (P < 0.05). PVL treatment improved the pCR rate and OS time compared with those in CG (P < 0.05). The 3-year OS rates were 86.5 and 77.2% in patients from EG and CG, respectively (P < 0.05). Moreover, ER status was associated with pCR rate and could be an independent prognostic factor in BC. Moreover, treatment with PVL prevented side effects, namely, neutrophil-reduced fever and anemia caused by chemotherapy. Hence, chemotherapy using PVL and taxane could be a safe and effective treatment for patients with BC. PVL may be a potential adjuvant medicine for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixue Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Degang Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xujie Zhai
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Department of Nursing, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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