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Li N, Yuan M, Che J. Development and validation of UPLC-MS/MS method for icariin and its metabolites in mouse urine. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1389754. [PMID: 38919252 PMCID: PMC11196403 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1389754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was utilized to develop a technique for the simultaneous quantification of icariin and its primary metabolites in mouse urine. The levels of icariin, icariside Ⅰ, icariside Ⅱ, baohuoside Ⅱ, wushanicaritin, icaritin, and desmethylicaritin in mouse urine were analyzed subsequent to the oral administration of an icariin suspension. This study aimed to preliminarily investigate the excretion profile of icariin in mice. Using an aqueous solution containing 0.1% formic acid (A) and an acetonitrile solution containing 0.1% formic acid (B) as the mobile phases, icariin and its major metabolites demonstrated satisfactory linearity over the concentration range of 0.25-800 ng·mL-1. The precision and accuracy of intra-day and inter-day measurements were all found to be within 15%. Seventy-two hours after the intragastric administration of icariin suspension to a mouse, the cumulative urinary excretion of icariin, icariside Ⅰ, icariside Ⅱ, baohuoside Ⅱ, wushanicaritin, icaritin, and desmethylicaritin was quantified as 13.48, 18.70, 2,627.51, 2.04, 10.04, 3,420.44, and 735.13 ng, respectively. The UPLC-MS/MS method developed in this research is characterized by its simplicity, sensitivity, and speed, making it well-suited for the concurrent quantification of icariin and its associated metabolites in urine. Additionally, it is appropriate for analyzing urine samples that may contain multiple drugs in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinjing Che
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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2
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Zhu Y, Wei S, Cao X, Wang S, Chang Y, Ouyang H, He J. Multi-component pharmacokinetic study of prunus mume fructus extract after oral administration in rats using UPLC-MS/MS. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:954692. [PMID: 36210842 PMCID: PMC9541882 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.954692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prunus mume fructus (MF) is used in traditional Chinese medicine and food, as it exerts pharmacological effects, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumour, thirst-relieving, and antidiarrheal effects. In the present study, a reliable and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 16 prototype components (L-(-)-malic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, D-(-)-quinic acid, citric acid, ferulic acid, syringic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, amygdalin, maslinic acid, corosolic acid, and rutin) in rat plasma after oral administration of the MF extract. Plasma samples were prepared via protein precipitation using acetonitrile. The 16 components were separated on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) with a gradient mobile phase system of methanol and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution at a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min. All components were quantitated using Agilent Jet Stream electrospray ionisation in negative ion mode. The intra-day and inter-day accuracies ranged from-9.4 to 9.4%, and the precision of the analytes was less than 14.8%. The extraction recovery rate of the analytes ranged from 63.59 to 109.44% and the matrix effects ranged from 49.25 to 109.28%. Stability studies proved that the analytes were stable under the tested conditions, with a relative standard deviation lower than 13.7%. Hence, the developed method was successfully applied to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of 16 components in the MF extract after oral administration in rats using UPLC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun He
- *Correspondence: Huizi Ouyang, ; Jun He,
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3
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Li S, Liu H, Zhang C, An D, Zhao X, Liu W, Cheng X, Qu H, Zhou H, Yang T, Wang C. Serum Pharmacochemistry and Pharmacokinetics of Major Components after Oral Administration Luhong Recipe in Rats by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5497. [PMID: 36049042 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Luhong recipe (LHR) is an empirical prescription for the treatment of chronic heart failure for a long time, with safety, reliability and significant efficacy. However, its pharmacokinetics have not been studied. This study was to establish a UHPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous analysis of epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, icariin, psoralen, isopsoralen in rat plasma, and apply it to the pharmacokinetic study of LHR after oral administration. These six analytes were ionized by electrospray positive ionization (ESI+ ). The MS/MS transitions used for monitoring is successively converted to m/z 839.3→369.1, m/z 809.2→369.1, m/z 823.3→369.1, m/z 677.2→205.2, m/z 187.1→115.2 and m/z 230→120.9. The linearity, precision, accuracy, stability, matrix effect and recovery of the established method were within the acceptable range. It was suitable for the determination of six analytes after oral administration LHR. The pharmacokinetic results showed the time to reach the peak concentration (Tmax ) was 0.17-13.5h, the peak concentration (Cmax ) was 109.23-980 ng/mL, the area under the concentration time curve (AUC(0-t) ) was 65.48-8846.08 ng·h/mL, and the apparent distribution volume (Vd) was 24772-896132 mL/kg. These results provided a meaningful basis for formulating the clinical dose regimen of LHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suli Li
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanze Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingbang An
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyan Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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4
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Zhao H, Zhao T, Yang J, Huang Q, Wu H, Pan Y, Wang H, Qian Y. Epimedium protects against dyszoospermia in mice with Pex3 knockout by exerting antioxidant effects and regulating the expression level of P16. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:69. [PMID: 35058429 PMCID: PMC8776794 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the primary factors leading to male infertility. Oral administration of antioxidants has thus far been found to significantly improve the quality of human sperm. Therefore, antioxidant treatment has become the consensus among international experts on male infertility. In this study, peroxisomal biogenesis factor 3 (Pex3)-knockout (KO, -/-) mice were used as a model to compare the efficacy of three types of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) granules (Epimedium [YYH], Cuscuta [TSZ], and Rhodiola [HJT]) for male reproductive function rescue. YYH was revealed to be the best and exerted a rescue effect on Pex3-/- mice with spermatogenesis defects. In addition, YYH prominently reduced ROS levels in the testes, inhibited DNA oxidative damage in spermatogenic cells, promoted the proliferation of spermatogenic cells, and inhibited apoptosis in Pex3-/- male mice. Furthermore, the mechanism by which YYH ameliorated dyszoospermia was confirmed via the establishment of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2 A (P16Ink4a)-KO mice. Specifically, Pex3-/- mice produced elevated amounts of ROS, which damaged germ cell DNA and further activated the signaling pathway of the cell senescence regulatory protein P16-CDK6, resulting in cell cycle arrest and eventually contributing to spermatogenesis dysfunction. YYH supplementation partially corrected the associated phenotype in gene KO mice by affecting P16 expression levels, thus improving the reproductive outcome to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jihong Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueyun Pan
- First School Of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yun Qian
- Reproductive Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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5
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Desai TD, Wen Y, Daddam JR, Cheng F, Chen C, Pan C, Lin K, Tsai R. Long term therapeutic effects of icariin‐loaded
PLGA
microspheres in an experimental model of optic nerve ischemia via modulation of
CEBP
‐β/
G‐CSF
/noncanonical
NF‐
κ
B
axis. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10289. [PMID: 35600664 PMCID: PMC9115698 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An ischemic insult at optic nerve (ON) is followed by detrimental neuroinflammation that results in progressive and long‐lasting retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and vision loss. Icariin was reported to be a safe and effective natural anti‐inflammatory drug. Herein, we evaluated the long‐term therapeutic effects of a single intravitreal injection of poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) PLGA–icariin in a rat model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION). Treatment with PLGA microspheres of icariin preserved the visual function and RGC density for 1 month in the rAION model. In addition, ON edema and macrophage infiltration were inhibited by treating PLGA microspheres of icariin. We found that the binding complex of icariin and CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta (CEBP‐β) significantly induced endogenous granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) expression to activate noncanonical nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway by promoting an alternative phosphorylation reaction of IKK‐β. Activation of noncanonical NF‐κB signaling pathway promoted the M2 microglia/macrophage polarization and AKT1 activation, which prevented neuroinflammation and RGC apoptosis after ON infarct. This study concluded that protective mechanism of icariin is a CEBP‐β/G‐CSF axis‐induced noncanonical NF‐κB activation, which provides the long‐term neuroprotective effects via anti‐inflammatory and antiapoptotic actions after ON ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Dnyaneshwar Desai
- Institute of Eye Research Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Hualien Taiwan
| | - Yao‐Tseng Wen
- Institute of Eye Research Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Hualien Taiwan
| | - Jayasimha Rayalu Daddam
- Department of Animal Science Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Center Rishon LeTsiyon Israel
| | - Felice Cheng
- Drug Delivery Technology Department Industrial Technology Research Institute Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Ching Chen
- Drug Delivery Technology Department Industrial Technology Research Institute Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Chien‐Lin Pan
- Drug Delivery Technology Department Industrial Technology Research Institute Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Keh‐Liang Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Medicine Mackay Medical College Taiwan
| | - Rong‐Kung Tsai
- Institute of Eye Research Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Hualien Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences Tzu Chi University Hualien Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Translational Medicine Tzu Chi University and Academia Sinica Hualien Taiwan
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6
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Huang M, Wei Y, Dong J. Epimedin C modulates the balance between Th9 cells and Treg cells through negative regulation of noncanonical NF-κB pathway and MAPKs activation to inhibit airway inflammation in the ovalbumin-induced murine asthma model. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2021; 65:102005. [PMID: 33636365 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2021.102005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a common airway inflammatory disease and mainly caused by abnormal immune responses to allergens and viruses. The precise mechanisms of airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) are still not completely understood. CD4+ helper T cells (Th cells) serve as critical regulators of allergic immunity. The imbalance between T helper 9 (Th9) cells and forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3)+ regulatory T (Treg) cells may contribute to airway inflammation in asthma. Epimedin C, a dominant compound isolated from Herba Epimedii, has shown anti-inflammatory effects and the immunoregulatory activity, such as increase of lymphocyte proliferation. However, the protective role of epimedin C in an experimental model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. Female BALB/c mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of OVA plus aluminum hydroxide (Alum) and subsequently challenged with an aerosol of 3% OVA in saline. Mice were treated with different concentrations of epimedin C (20 mg/kg/d, 40 mg/kg/d, 80 mg/kg/d) for 4 weeks. Experimental endpoints were evaluated via the analysis of AHR to acetyl-β-methacholine (Mch), differential inflammatory cell counts, concentrations of cytokines interleukin-9 (IL-9), IL-4 and IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum OVA-specific IgE level, as well as airway inflammation, mucus secretion and collagen deposition in mice. Mechanistically, we investigated the percentages of Th9 cells and Treg cells, as well as mRNA levels of IL-9 and transcription factor Foxp3 in lungs. Furthermore, the proteins expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family members p105/p50, RelA, p100/p52 and RelB, as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 MAPK was detected. Epimedin C dose-dependently attenuated AHR, airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion and collagen deposition in OVA-induced murine asthma model. The expression levels of IL-9, IL-4 and OVA-specific IgE were significantly decreased while IL-10 was increased by epimedin C. We further confirmed that epimedin C decreased the percentage of lung Th9 cells with lower mRNA expression of IL-9 and increased the percentage of lung Treg cells with higher mRNA expression of Foxp3. In addition, epimedin C dose-dependently decreased the protein levels of p52, RelB, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK which are pivotal to the development of Th9 cells and Treg cells. Collectively, epimedin C could inhibit pathophysiological features of asthma by reconstruction of the balance between Th9 cells and Treg cells through regulation of the noncanonical NF-κB p52/RelB pathway and MAPKs activation. These findings suggest epimedin C as a potential remedy for inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhua Huang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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7
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Gu S, Yin Z, Shi Z, Wang P, Xu C. The Current Application of LC-MS/MS in Pharmacokinetics of Traditional Chinese Medicines (Recent Three Years): A Systematic Review. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:969-978. [PMID: 33038908 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666201009142418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With significant clinical effects, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been attracting increasing interest of the world's scientific community. However, TCM contains immense amounts of chemical components. It is a great challenge to objectively evaluate the correlation between the in vivo process and the therapeutic effect of TCM. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the recent investigation (from 2017 to 2019) on preclinical pharmacokinetics (PK) of TCM via liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). METHODS We reviewed the published articles regarding the PK of TCM by LC-MS/MS. In addition, we summarized information on PK parameter of bioactive components, single herb and traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. RESULTS The vast majority of literature on preclinical PK of TCM uses single oral administration, the biological matrix is mostly rat plasma, and the main PK parameters include AUC, Cmax, Tmax and T1/2, etc. Conclusion: Although LC-MS/MS can be used for high-throughput analysis, the characterization of in vivo processes of TCM still has a long way. With the advantages of high sensitivity, high specificity and simple operation, the increasingly mature LC-MS/MS technology will play an important role in the PK study of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300112, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shuang Gu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300112, China
| | - Zhaorui Yin
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300112, China
| | - Zhe Shi
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300112, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Changhua Xu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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8
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Okon E, Kukula-Koch W, Jarzab A, Halasa M, Stepulak A, Wawruszak A. Advances in Chemistry and Bioactivity of Magnoflorine and Magnoflorine-Containing Extracts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041330. [PMID: 32079131 PMCID: PMC7072879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The review collects together some recent information on the identity and pharmacological properties of magnoflorine, a quaternary aporphine alkaloid, that is widely distributed within the representatives of several botanical families like Berberidaceae, Magnoliaceae, Papaveraceae, or Menispermaceae. Several findings published in the scientific publications mention its application in the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases including inflammatory ones, allergies, hypertension, osteoporosis, bacterial, viral and fungal infections, and some civilization diseases like cancer, obesity, diabetes, dementia, or depression. The pharmacokinetics and perspectives on its introduction to therapeutic strategies will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estera Okon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.J.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (W.K.-K.); (A.W.); Tel.: +48-81448-6350 (W.K.-K.); +48-81448-7087 (A.W.)
| | - Agata Jarzab
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.J.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Marta Halasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.J.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.J.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.J.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (W.K.-K.); (A.W.); Tel.: +48-81448-6350 (W.K.-K.); +48-81448-7087 (A.W.)
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9
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Xu T, Kuang T, Du H, Li Q, Feng T, Zhang Y, Fan G. Magnoflorine: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Pharmacol Res 2020; 152:104632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Simultaneous determination of multiple components in rat plasma and pharmacokinetic studies at a pharmacodynamic dose of Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao capsule by UPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 177:112836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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11
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Angeloni C, Barbalace MC, Hrelia S. Icariin and Its Metabolites as Potential Protective Phytochemicals Against Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:271. [PMID: 30941046 PMCID: PMC6433697 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting more than 35 million people worldwide. As the prevalence of AD is dramatically rising, there is an earnest need for the identification of effective therapies. Available drug treatments only target the symptoms and do not halt the progression of this disorder; thus, the use of natural compounds has been proposed as an alternative intervention strategy. Icariin, a prenylated flavonoid, has several therapeutic effects, including osteoporosis prevention, sexual dysfunction amelioration, immune system modulation, and improvement of cardiovascular function. Substantial studies indicate that icariin may be beneficial to AD by reducing the production of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and inhibiting phosphodiesterase-5 activity. Moreover, increasing evidence has indicated that icariin exerts a protective role in AD also by limiting inflammation, oxidative stress and reducing potential risk factors for AD such as atherosclerosis. This mini-review discusses the multiple potential mechanisms of action of icariin on the pathobiology of AD including explanation regarding its bioavailability, metabolism and pharmacokinetic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Yang QQ, Cheng L, Long ZY, Li HB, Gunaratne A, Gan RY, Corke H. Comparison of the Phenolic Profiles of Soaked and Germinated Peanut Cultivars via UPLC-QTOF-MS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E47. [PMID: 30791635 PMCID: PMC6406428 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse peanut varieties are widely cultivated in China. However, few studies have investigated the effects of germination on the phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of specific Chinese peanut cultivars. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of germination on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and phenolic profiles of seven peanut cultivars in China. The TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities were determined by spectrophotometry, while phenolic profiles were analyzed by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). The results found that germination significantly increased TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity was found to be closely related to TPC in germinated peanut extracts, which indicates that phenolics are the main contributors of antioxidants in germinated peanuts. In addition, germination induced significant changes in polyphenolic profiles. In the analyzed samples, 36 phenolic compounds were identified in which most were flavonoids. Overall, these findings highlight that germinated peanuts can be a good natural source of natural antioxidants for human consumption and functional food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong-Qiong Yang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Zhi-Yuan Long
- Department of Resources & Environment, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Anil Gunaratne
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya P.O. Box 02, Sri Lanka.
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Harold Corke
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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13
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Wu B, Xiao X, Li S, Zuo G. Transcriptomics and metabonomics of the anti-aging properties of total flavones of Epimedium in relation to lipid metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 229:73-80. [PMID: 30278205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Total flavones of Epimedium (TFE) is the main active ingredient in Herba Epimedii, which is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine that is widely used to treat certain age-related diseases in oriental countries. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this work was to investigate the anti-aging properties of TFE related to lipid metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Both transcriptomics and metabonomics were applied in this work to investigate the anti-aging properties of TFE. Microarray and LC-MS analysis were conducted on liver samples of three groups of rats, including young (4 months), old (24 months), and old rats administrated TFE. RESULTS Transcriptomics analysis highlighted 287 transcripts related to the anti-aging effect of TFE, in which the expression ratio of 18 genes regulating lipid metabolism, including HMGCS1 and NR1H3, returned to normal levels after TFE treatment. In addition, 24 aging-related metabolites were discovered in a metabonomics study, and 15 of these were structurally identified, including palmitic amide, linoleamide, and oleamide. Bioinformatics and integral data analysis on the results of the transcriptomics and metabonomics suggest the involvement of 12 key metabolic pathways, half of which are highly related to lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the role played by TFE in the lipid metabolism of aging rats is multifaceted and multi-layered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, PR China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shasha Li
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, PR China.
| | - Guoqing Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, PR China.
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Han LY, Wu YL, Zhu CY, Wu CS, Yang CR. Improved Pharmacokinetics of Icariin (ICA) within Formulation of PEG-PLLA/PDLA-PNIPAM Polymeric Micelles. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11020051. [PMID: 30691070 PMCID: PMC6409701 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Icariin (ICA) is a major flavonoid that contains the active compound Epimedii Folium. However, ICA’s pharmacokinetic characteristics remain unsatisfactory due to its low bioavailability, and hence limited drugability. In order to improve its pharmacokinetics and achieve prolonged blood circulation time, a novel polymeric micelle, made of the self-assembled micelle between poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (L-lactic acid) (PEG-PLLA) and poly (D-lactic acid)-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PDLA-PNIPAM), was designed to encapsulate ICA. Our experimental results showed that this polymeric micelle formulation of ICA exhibited uniform nano-size distribution and high stability within 48 h. The new formulation also allowed sustained ICA release in an in vitro drug release study. Furthermore, in vivo experiments revealed that ICA bioavailability in the PEG-PLLA/PDLA-PNIPAM polymeric micelle formulation was significantly higher compared to ICA alone, or ICA in the traditional Pluronic F127 micelle formulation. Finally, we show that metabolite analysis confirmed that ICA within the PEG-PLLA/PDLA-PNIPAM polymeric micelle formulation provided better drug protection, reduced drug metabolites production, and decreased undesired first-pass effects. Overall, these data show that ICA within PEG-PLLA/PDLA-PNIPAM polymeric micelle formulation exhibit advantages, in terms of improved physicochemical properties, sustained release of ICA in vitro, and improved bioavailability of ICA in vivo, which represent a feasible approach for improving the drugability of pharmaceutical small molecules with low bioavailability or poor stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ying Han
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, 148 Xuefu Road, Heilongjiang, Jiamusi 154007, China.
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Chun-Yan Zhu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Cai-Sheng Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Chun-Rong Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, 148 Xuefu Road, Heilongjiang, Jiamusi 154007, China.
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